Create your own language

The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.

A robot at a blackboard, generating a language from typological parameters. — The Language Creator at work.

The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.

The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.

A sample from Koef, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:

initial XML:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp tam="past-punct">
    <verb>arise</verb>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
        <verb>be</verb>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
        <noun>langname</noun>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur">
            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
            <noun>language</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="indef" number="sing">
      <noun>manner</noun>
      <adj>different</adj>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

cleanup:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp tam="past-punct">
-    <verb>arise</verb>
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
-        <verb>be</verb>
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
-        <noun>langname</noun>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
-          <np def="def" number="plur">
-            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
-            <noun>language</noun>
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing">
-      <noun>manner</noun>
-      <adj>different</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module adj2noun:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+      </np>
+      <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module articles:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+        <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module nonpastonly:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module noepistemic:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module sequential:

-<s connector="but">
+<s connector="then">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module sentenceconnectors:

<s connector="then">
+  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module nominalise: No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module markowner:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module addgender:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module propagatenumber:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-      <np role="obj">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj" number="plur">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
-          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
+      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module wordorder: No change.

module wordorder:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj" number="plur">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module conjp: No change.

flattenconjp: No change.

fixpronouns:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj" number="plur">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

copyuptophrase:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
-      <np role="obj" number="plur">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="fem">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+        <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+        <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="fem">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
-      <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="fem">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
        <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
          <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
        <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
-      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

movedowntoword:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
-        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
-        <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+        <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
  </pp>
</s>

About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for different/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for different/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

addaffixes:

<s connector="then">
  <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <relp>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+        <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
        <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
        <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
        <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
  </pp>
</s>

flatten:

<s connector="then">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing" gender="fem">
-    <relp>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-      </np>
-    </relp>
-  </np>
-  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</s>

addvocab:

-<s connector="then">
+<s connector="then" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
+    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|f|ø|</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|ɲ|a|s|au|b|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|d|a|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">|f|o|m|</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|t|a|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|ᵏǀ|ø|f|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|ʃ|o|ɾ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|h|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|d|o|</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|ɲ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|n|o|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|ɡ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|i|j|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">|ʃ|y|</word>
  </flat>
</s>

vowelharmony:

<s connector="then" translation="">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|f|ø|</word>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|ɲ|a|s|au|b|</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|d|a|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">|f|o|m|</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|t|a|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|ᵏǀ|ø|f|</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|y|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|ʃ|o|ɾ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|h|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|d|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|ɲ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|n|o|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|ɡ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|i|j|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">|ʃ|y|</word>
  </flat>
</s>

### |f|ø|
#-> fø
### |f|ø|
#-> fø
### |ɲ|a|s|au|b|
#-> ɲasaub
### |ɲ|a|s|au|b|
#-> ɲasaub
### -|u|k|a|
#-> -uka
### -|u|k|a|
#-> -uka
### |d|a|
#-> da
### |d|a|
#-> da
### |f|o|m|
#-> fom
### |f|o|m|
#-> fom
### -|u|k|a|
#-> -uka
### -|u|k|a|
#-> -uka
### |t|a|
#-> ta
### |t|a|
#-> ta
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |n|o|
#-> no
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### |ᵏǀ|ø|f|
#-> ᵏǀøf
### |ᵏǀ|ø|f|
#-> ᵏǀøf
### -|y|k|
#-> -yk
### -|y|k|
#-> -yk
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |n|o|
#-> no
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### |ʃ|o|ɾ|
#-> ʃoɾ
### |ʃ|o|ɾ|
#-> ʃoɾ
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|ai|
#-> dai
### |d|ai|
#-> dai
### |ɾ|au|h|
#-> ɾauh
### |ɾ|au|h|
#-> ɾauh
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |d|o|
#-> do
### |d|o|
#-> do
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### -|s|a|
#-> -sa
### |ɾ|au|ɲ|
#-> ɾauɲ
### |ɾ|au|ɲ|
#-> ɾauɲ
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|k|
#-> -uk
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |n|o|
#-> no
### |d|ai|ɡ|
#-> daiɡ
### |d|ai|ɡ|
#-> daiɡ
### -|i|j|
#-> -ij
### -|i|j|
#-> -ij
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |ʃ|y|
#-> ʃy
### |ʃ|y|
#-> ʃy
### |f|ø| |ɲ|a|s|au|b||u|k|a| |d|a| |f|o|m||u|k|a| |t|a| |n|o||s|a| |ᵏǀ|ø|f||y|k||u| |n|o||s|a| |ʃ|o|ɾ||u|k||u| |d|ai| |ɾ|au|h||u|k||u| |d|o||s|a| |ɾ|au|ɲ||u|k||u| |n|o| |d|ai|ɡ||i|j||u| |ʃ|y|
#-> fø ɲasaubuka da fomuka ta nosa ᵏǀøfyku nosa ʃoɾuku dai ɾauhuku dosa ɾauɲuku no daiɡiju ʃy

removetags:

<s connector="then" translation="">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="then" posp="conj">|f|ø|</word>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|ɲ|a|s|au|b|</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">|d|a|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.fem">|f|o|m|</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">-|u|k|a|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">|t|a|</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" gender="fem">|ᵏǀ|ø|f|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|y|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|n|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|ʃ|o|ɾ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|h|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|d|o|</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">-|s|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">|ɾ|au|ɲ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|u|k|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|n|o|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">|d|ai|ɡ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|i|j|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">|ʃ|y|</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fø&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲasaub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;arise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;SUBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ᵏǀøf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;langname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-yk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃoɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl.plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɾauh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-sa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɾauɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;manner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daiɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;different&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ij&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>fø ɲasaubuka da fomuka ta nosa ᵏǀøfyku nosa ʃoɾuku dai ɾauhuku dosa ɾauɲuku no daiɡiju ʃy</p>
+  <p>fö ñasğbuka da fomuka ta nosa cöfyku nosa shoruku dp rğhuku dosa rğñuku no dpgiju shy</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>fø</o>
+      <g>then</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲasaub</o>
+      <g>arise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uka</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>da</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>fom</o>
+      <g>be</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uka</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ta</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>no</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sa</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ᵏǀøf</o>
+      <g>langname</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-yk</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>no</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sa</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃoɾ</o>
+      <g>language</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uk</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dai</o>
+      <g>1incl.plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɾauh</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uk</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>do</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-sa</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɾauɲ</o>
+      <g>manner</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uk</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>no</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daiɡ</o>
+      <g>different</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ij</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃy</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</s>

Fö ñasğbuka da fomuka ta nosa cöfyku nosa shoruku dp rğhuku dosa rğñuku no dpgiju shy.

But our language arose in a different way.

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