Create your own language

The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.

A robot at a blackboard, generating a language from typological parameters. — The Language Creator at work.

The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.

The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.

A sample from Nili, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:

initial XML:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp tam="past-punct">
    <verb>arise</verb>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
        <verb>be</verb>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
        <noun>langname</noun>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur">
            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
            <noun>language</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="indef" number="sing">
      <noun>manner</noun>
      <adj>different</adj>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

cleanup:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp tam="past-punct">
-    <verb>arise</verb>
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
-        <verb>be</verb>
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
-        <noun>langname</noun>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
-          <np def="def" number="plur">
-            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
-            <noun>language</noun>
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing">
-      <noun>manner</noun>
-      <adj>different</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module articles:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module nonpastonly:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module noepistemic:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module NRel:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
-    <relp>
+  <np id="parent">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+    </np>
+    <relp comma="after">
+      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
-      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module sentenceconnectors:

<s connector="but">
+  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np number="sing" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np id="parent">
+  <np id="parent" case="ABS">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module markowner:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module addgender:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np id="parent" case="ABS">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
-      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+      <np role="obj" gender="inanim">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module propagatenumber:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim">
+  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj" gender="inanim">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim">
+      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module markowned:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim">
+  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
-      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim">
+      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur">
+      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
-          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
        <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="inanim" number="sing" role="obj" possessor="no.owner">
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
-      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

movedowntoword:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
-        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
-        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur"/>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got 1incl.plur
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
  </vp>
  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
+      <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
    </np>
    <relp comma="after">
      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
+        <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
        <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
      </np>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
+        <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+        <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+        <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+        <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim"/>
+        <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
+        <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur"/>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
+      <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
+      <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/>
+      <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

flatten:

<s connector="but">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
-  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-  </vp>
-  <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="inanim" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <relp comma="after">
-      <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-      </np>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur">
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur"/>
-      </np>
-    </relp>
-  </np>
-  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after"/>
    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
-    <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/>
    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</s>

addvocab:

-<s connector="but">
+<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def"/>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after"/>
-    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner"/>
+    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="&#x294; u" slots="Cir V1">ʔu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip">l</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0; n" slots="Cip V2 Cip">kuːn</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="m e&#x2D0; p" slots="Cmp V2 Cir">meːp</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o l a&#x2D0; t" slots="Cmr V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">nolaːt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;" slots="Cmr V2">liː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="n i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">niːp</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="n i&#x2D0; l i" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr V2">niːli</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="k i t i" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2">kiti</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip">l</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0; n" slots="Cip V2 Cip">kuːn</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cir"></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim" ph="t o k" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr">tok</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;" slots="Cmr V2">liː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="h i&#x2D0; &#x28B;" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">hiːʋ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after" ph="&#x28B; o" slots="Cmr V1">ʋo</word>
+    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="h i&#x2D0;" slots="Cir V1">hiː</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="t i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cir">tiːp</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="t i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2">tiːʋaː</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l a m" slots="Cip V2 Cip">lam</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="&#x28B;" slots="Cip">ʋ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="n i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">niːp</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x28B; a t u" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr V2">ʋatu</word>
  </flat>
</s>

vowelharmony:

No change.

applysandhi:

/l/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/n/ + /m/ > // + /m/
/p/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/t/ + /l/ > // + /l/
/k/ + /n/ > // + /k/
/p/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/h/ + /n/ > // + /h/
/k/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/l/ + /k/ > // + /k/
/n/ + /t/ > // + /n/
/k/ + /l/ > // + /k/
/k/ + /h/ > // + /h/
/ʋ/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/h/ + /ʋ/ > // + /h/
/p/ + /t/ > // + /p/
/m/ + /ʋ/ > // + /m/
/m/ + /n/ > // + /m/
/p/ + /n/ > // + /n/
/h/ + /ʋ/ > // + /h/

<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="&#x294; u" slots="Cir V1">ʔu</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip">l</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0; n" slots="Cip V2 Cip">kuːn</thingy>
+    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="&#x294; u">ʔu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0;" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="m e&#x2D0; p" slots="Cmp V2 Cir">meːp</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o l a&#x2D0; t" slots="Cmr V2 Cmr V1 Cmr">nolaːt</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;" slots="Cmr V2">liː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="n i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">niːp</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="n i&#x2D0; l i" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr V2">niːli</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="k i t i" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2">kiti</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="l" slots="Cip">l</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0; n" slots="Cip V2 Cip">kuːn</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="m e&#x2D0;" underlying="m e&#x2D0; p">meː</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o l a&#x2D0;" underlying="n o l a&#x2D0; t">nolaː</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;">liː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="k i&#x2D0;" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">kiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="h i&#x2D0; l i" underlying="n i&#x2D0; l i">hiːli</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="k i t i">kiti</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0;" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim" ph="t o k" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr">tok</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;" slots="Cmr V2">liː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="k" slots="Cip">k</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="h i&#x2D0; &#x28B;" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">hiːʋ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after" ph="&#x28B; o" slots="Cmr V1">ʋo</word>
-    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="h i&#x2D0;" slots="Cir V1">hiː</word>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="t i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cir">tiːp</thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="t i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;" slots="Cir V1 Cmr V2">tiːʋaː</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l a m" slots="Cip V2 Cip">lam</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="&#x28B;" slots="Cip">ʋ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="n i&#x2D0; p" slots="Cip V2 Cmp">niːp</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i h" slots="Cip V2 Cir">nih</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="&#x28B; a t u" slots="Cmr V1 Cmr V2">ʋatu</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim" ph="n o" underlying="t o k">no</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="k i&#x2D0;" underlying="l i&#x2D0;">kiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="h i&#x2D0;" underlying="h i&#x2D0; &#x28B;">hiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after" ph="h o" underlying="&#x28B; o">ho</word>
+    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="h i&#x2D0;">hiː</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="t i&#x2D0;" underlying="t i&#x2D0; p">tiː</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="p i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;" underlying="t i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;">piːʋaː</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l a" underlying="l a m">la</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="&#x28B;"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="m i&#x2D0;" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">miː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="h a t u" underlying="&#x28B; a t u">hatu</word>
  </flat>
</s>

removetags:

<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="&#x294; u">ʔu</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0;" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="m e&#x2D0;" underlying="m e&#x2D0; p">meː</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o l a&#x2D0;" underlying="n o l a&#x2D0; t">nolaː</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l i&#x2D0;">liː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="k i&#x2D0;" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">kiː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="h i&#x2D0; l i" underlying="n i&#x2D0; l i">hiːli</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="k i t i">kiti</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="l"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="k u&#x2D0;" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cip"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cmp V2 Cir"></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim" ph="n o" underlying="t o k">no</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="k i&#x2D0;" underlying="l i&#x2D0;">kiː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="k"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="h i&#x2D0;" underlying="h i&#x2D0; &#x28B;">hiː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after" ph="h o" underlying="&#x28B; o">ho</word>
-    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="h i&#x2D0;">hiː</word>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="t i&#x2D0;" underlying="t i&#x2D0; p">tiː</thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="p i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;" underlying="t i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;">piːʋaː</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" attach="prefix" ph="l a" underlying="l a m">la</thingy>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="" underlying="&#x28B;"></thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="prefix" ph="m i&#x2D0;" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">miː</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="n i" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" ph="h a t u" underlying="&#x28B; a t u">hatu</word>
+    <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ʔu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" underlying="l"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" underlying="m e&#x2D0; p">meː</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="n o l a&#x2D0; t">nolaː</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">liː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">kiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" underlying="n i&#x2D0; l i">hiːli,</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner">kiti</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" underlying="l"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" underlying="k u&#x2D0; n">kuː</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.inanim" obj="3.plur.inanim" underlying="t o k">no</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" underlying="l i&#x2D0;">kiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="def" underlying="k"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="1incl.plur.POSS" underlying="h i&#x2D0; &#x28B;">hiː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="inanim" possessor="1incl.plur" comma="after" underlying="&#x28B; o">ho,</word>
+    <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">hiː</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="t i&#x2D0; p">tiː</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" underlying="t i&#x2D0; &#x28B; a&#x2D0;">piːʋaː</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC" underlying="l a m">la</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" underlying="&#x28B;"></thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="prefix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" underlying="n i&#x2D0; p">miː</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" underlying="n i h">ni</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="inanim" possessor="no.owner" underlying="&#x28B; a t u">hatu</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʔu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;but&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;l-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kuːn-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;meːp-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nolaːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;arise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-liː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niːp-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;no.owner.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nih-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niːli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;langname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kiti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;l-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kuːn-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-liː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hiːʋ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl.plur.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nih-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in_inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiːp-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiːʋaː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;different&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lam-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;niːp-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;no.owner.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nih-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʋatu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;manner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʔu kuːmeːnolaːliː kiːnihiːli, kiti kuːnokiː hiːniho, hiː tiːpiːʋaː lamiːnihatu</p>
+  <p>qu kuumeenolaalii kiinihiili, kiti kuunokii hiiniho, hii tiipiiwaa lamiinihatu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʔu</o>
+      <g>but</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>l-</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kuːn-</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>meːp-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nolaːt</o>
+      <g>arise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-liː</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niːp-</o>
+      <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nih-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niːli</o>
+      <g>langname</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kiti</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>l-</o>
+      <g>not.Q</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kuːn-</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tok</o>
+      <g>be</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-liː</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hiːʋ-</o>
+      <g>1incl.plur.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nih-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋo</o>
+      <g>language</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hiː</o>
+      <g>in_inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiːp-</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiːʋaː</o>
+      <g>different</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lam-</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋ-</o>
+      <g>not.def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>niːp-</o>
+      <g>no.owner.POSS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nih-</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʋatu</o>
+      <g>manner</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</s>

Qu kuumeenolaalii kiinihiili, kiti kuunokii hiiniho, hii tiipiiwaa lamiinihatu.

But our language arose in a different way.

Useful pages: