Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Kir, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOMaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ əː ɲ">t͡ʃəːɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ a kʼ">ɡakʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ a p">ɡʷap</word> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ kʼ">ɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="t au ɡ">tauɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɓ a r">ɓar</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ a m">kʼam</word> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="a k">ak</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="p au ɓ">pauɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k ɨ t͡ɕ">kɨt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s ə n">sən</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t ai b">taib</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡ a k a ɡʷ">ɡakaɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ əː ɲ">t͡ʃəːɲ</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ a kʼ">ɡakʼ</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ a p">ɡʷap</word> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ kʼ">ɨkʼ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="t au ɡ">tauɡ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɓ a r">ɓar</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ a m">kʼam</word> <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="a k">ak</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="p au ɓ">pauɓ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k ɨ t͡ɕ">kɨt͡ɕ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s ə n">sən</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ə" underlying="ɨ">ə</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t ai b">taib</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡ a k a ɡʷ">ɡakaɡʷ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ əː ɲ">t͡ʃəːɲ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ a kʼ">ɡakʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɡʷ a p">ɡʷap</word> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ kʼ">ɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="t au ɡ">tauɡ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɓ a r">ɓar</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="kʼ a m">kʼam</word> - <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="a k">ak</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="p au ɓ">pauɓ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k ɨ t͡ɕ">kɨt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s ə n">sən</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ə" underlying="ɨ">ə</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t ai b">taib</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡ a k a ɡʷ">ɡakaɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ">ɨ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="kʼʷ ɨː ɡ">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ʃəːɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡakʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ɡʷap</word> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">tauɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">a</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">t</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">ɓar</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">t</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">kʼam</word> + <thingy type="adjnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ak</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">pauɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">t</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">kɨt͡ɕ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">sən</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="ɨ">ə</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">t</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">taib</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɡakaɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ɨ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">t</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">kʼʷɨːɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃəːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡakʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷap</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tauɡ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-a</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓar</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼam</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ak</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pauɓ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kɨt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sən</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷɨːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taib</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡakaɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷɨːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>t͡ʃəːɲ ɡakʼ ɡʷapɨkʼ tauɡat ɓarɨt kʼamak pauɓɨt kɨt͡ɕ sənət kʼʷɨːɡ taib ɡakaɡʷɨt kʼʷɨːɡ</p> + <p>t͡ʃəːɲ ɡakʼ ɡʷapɨkʼ tauɡat ɓarɨt kʼamak pauɓɨt kɨt͡ɕ sənət kʼʷɨːɡ taib ɡakaɡʷɨt kʼʷɨːɡ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃəːɲ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡakʼ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷap</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨkʼ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tauɡ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-a</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓar</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼam</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ak</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pauɓ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kɨt͡ɕ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sən</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷɨːɡ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taib</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡakaɡʷ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷɨːɡ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>T͡ʃəːɲ ɡakʼ ɡʷapɨkʼ tauɡat ɓarɨt kʼamak pauɓɨt kɨt͡ɕ sənət kʼʷɨːɡ taib ɡakaɡʷɨt kʼʷɨːɡ.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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