Create your own language

The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.

A robot at a blackboard, generating a language from typological parameters. — The Language Creator at work.

The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.

The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.

A sample from Tiyagak, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:

initial XML:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
    <verb>have</verb>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
    <noun>human being</noun>
    <adj>all</adj>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <noun>earth</noun>
        <adj>whole</adj>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np def="neither" number="sing">
        <noun>language</noun>
        <num>one</num>
      </np>
      <np def="neither" number="sing">
        <noun>dialect</noun>
        <num>one</num>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

cleanup:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
-    <verb>have</verb>
+  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
-  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
-    <noun>human being</noun>
-    <adj>all</adj>
+  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
-        <noun>earth</noun>
-        <adj>whole</adj>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np def="neither" number="sing">
-        <noun>language</noun>
-        <num>one</num>
+      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="neither" number="sing">
-        <noun>dialect</noun>
-        <num>one</num>
+      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module adj2verb:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <relp>
+      <vp tam="pres-state">
+        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+      </vp>
+      <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
        <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+            <relp>
+              <vp tam="pres-state">
+                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+              </vp>
+              <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
-        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
              </np>
+            </relp>
+          </np>
        </pp>
      </np>
+    </relp>
+  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module articles:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <relp>
      <vp tam="pres-state">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
      <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
        <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
            <relp>
              <vp tam="pres-state">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
              <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
              </np>
            </relp>
          </np>
        </pp>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module nonpastonly:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <relp>
-      <vp tam="pres-state">
+      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
      <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
        <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
            <relp>
-              <vp tam="pres-state">
+              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
              <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
              </np>
            </relp>
          </np>
        </pp>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module noepistemic:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <relp>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
      <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
        <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
            <relp>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
              <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
              </np>
            </relp>
          </np>
        </pp>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module RelN:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
-    <relp>
+    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
-      <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+    </subs>
+    <np role="subj" number="plur">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
-            <relp>
+          <subs>
            <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
              <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
            </vp>
-              <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+          </subs>
+          <np role="subj" number="sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          </np>
-            </relp>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    </relp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module adpositions:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np role="subj" number="plur">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
            <np role="subj" number="sing">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
+          <np def="def" number="sing">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+          </np>
+        </np>
+        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np role="subj" number="plur">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
            <np role="subj" number="sing">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
-  <np role="obj">
+  <np role="obj" number="plur">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module simplifynumber:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
-  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+  <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
-    <np role="subj" number="plur">
+    <np role="subj">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-        <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <np type="owner_owned">
+          <np def="def" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
-            <np role="subj" number="sing">
+            <np role="subj">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing">
+          <np def="def">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
-  <np role="obj" number="plur">
+  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np role="subj">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np def="def" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
            <np role="subj">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
          <np def="def">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np role="subj">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np def="def" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
            <np role="subj">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
          <np def="def">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np locus="number">
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
+      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np locus="number">
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

flattenconjp:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
    <subs>
      <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
        <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
      </vp>
    </subs>
    <np role="subj">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
      <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np def="def" locus="number">
            <subs>
              <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
                <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
              </vp>
            </subs>
            <np role="subj">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
            </np>
          </np>
          <np def="def">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
      </pp>
    </np>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
-    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np locus="number">
+    <np locus="number" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-      <np locus="number">
+    <np locus="number" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
    </np>
-    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
-  <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
  <subs>
    <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
      <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
    </vp>
  </subs>
-    <np role="subj">
+  <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <subs>
            <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
              <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
            </vp>
          </subs>
          <np role="subj">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    </pp>
  </np>
-  </np>
-  <np role="obj">
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</s>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
      <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
    </vp>
  </subs>
  <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" locus="number">
        <subs>
          <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
            <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
        <np role="subj">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
-      </np>
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
  </np>
</s>

movedowntoword:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
-      <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+      <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
    </vp>
  </subs>
  <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" locus="number">
        <subs>
          <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
-            <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+            <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
        <np role="subj">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
      </np>
-      <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/>
  </np>
</s>

calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/question/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/question/optional
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
      <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
  </subs>
  <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" locus="number">
        <subs>
          <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
            <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+            <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+            <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+            <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
          </vp>
        </subs>
        <np role="subj">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</s>

flatten:

<s>
-  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-  </vp>
-  <subs>
-    <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-  </subs>
-  <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-      <np def="def" locus="number">
-        <subs>
-          <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-          </vp>
-        </subs>
-        <np role="subj">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
-    </pp>
-  </np>
-  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-  <np locus="number" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</s>

addvocab:

-<s>
+<s translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="x a d">xad</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d">əd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a &#x261;">daɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="k i s &#x259; s">kisəs</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a s">das</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" ph="j u &#x261; &#x259; k">juɡək</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="&#x261; i j &#x259; &#x261;">ɡijəɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="j u">ju</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a">da</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d u s &#x259; d">dusəd</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a">da</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="x &#x259; d a s &#x259; s &#x259; &#x261;">xədasəsəɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
  </flat>
</s>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<s translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="x a d">xad</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d">əd</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a &#x261;">daɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="k i s &#x259; s">kisəs</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
-    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a s">das</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; k">ək</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259;">ədə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" ph="j u &#x261; &#x259; k">juɡək</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="&#x261; i j &#x259; &#x261;">ɡijəɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="j u">ju</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a">da</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d u s &#x259; d">dusəd</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i">si</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a">da</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="x &#x259; d a s &#x259; s &#x259; &#x261;">xədasəsəɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x259; d &#x259; s &#x259;">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">xad</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">əd</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">daɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number">kisəs</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">das</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">ək</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ədə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj">juɡək</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def">ɡijəɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ju</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">da</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj">dusəd</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">si</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">da</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj">xədasəsəɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ədəsə</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-əd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ək&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ək&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kisəs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;human being&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədəsə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;das&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ək&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juɡək&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;earth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədəsə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡijəɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədəsə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ju&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dusəd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədəsə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;si&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xədasəsəɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dialect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ədəsə&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xadədəkədə daɡəkədə kisəsədəsə dasəkədə juɡəkədəsə ɡijəɡədəsə ju da dusədədəsə si da xədasəsəɡədəsə</p>
+  <p>خددكد دگكد كسسدس دسكد يگكدس گيگدس ي د دسددس س د خدسسگدسة</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xad</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-əd</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ək</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədə</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daɡ</o>
+      <g>all</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ək</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədə</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kisəs</o>
+      <g>human being</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədəsə</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>das</o>
+      <g>whole</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ək</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədə</o>
+      <g>active</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juɡək</o>
+      <g>earth</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədəsə</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡijəɡ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədəsə</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ju</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>da</o>
+      <g>one</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>dusəd</o>
+      <g>language</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədəsə</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>si</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>da</o>
+      <g>one</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xədasəsəɡ</o>
+      <g>dialect</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ədəsə</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</s>

خددكد دگكد كسسدس دسكد يگكدس گيگدس ي د دسددس س د خدسسگدسة۔

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

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