Create your own language

The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.

A robot at a blackboard, generating a language from typological parameters. — The Language Creator at work.

The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.

The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.

A sample from Eshas, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:

initial XML:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp tam="past-punct">
    <verb>arise</verb>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
        <verb>be</verb>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
        <noun>langname</noun>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur">
            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
            <noun>language</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="indef" number="sing">
      <noun>manner</noun>
      <adj>different</adj>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

cleanup:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp tam="past-punct">
-    <verb>arise</verb>
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
-        <verb>be</verb>
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
-        <noun>langname</noun>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
-          <np def="def" number="plur">
-            <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
+          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
-            <noun>language</noun>
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing">
-      <noun>manner</noun>
-      <adj>different</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module articles:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module nonpastonly:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module noepistemic:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <relp>
-      <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </relp>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module RelN:

<s connector="but">
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
-    <relp>
+    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      </np>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
-    </relp>
+    </subs>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module sentenceconnectors:

<s connector="but">
+  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

module complementise:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <subs>
+      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</s>

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <subs>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module constorder:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
    <subs>
-      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
+      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module casemarking:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module addgender:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module propagatenumber:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+      <np role="obj" number="plur">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module simplifynumber:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
+  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj" number="plur">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+      <np role="obj">
+        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
-          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
-          </np>
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
+      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
+      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module wordorder:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

copyuptophrase:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
-      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      </vp>
-      <np role="obj">
+      <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
-          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
            <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
    <subs>
      <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
        <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+        <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+        <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
      </vp>
      <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
          <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
            <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
      <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
    </subs>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
    </np>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
-  <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
  <subs>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-      <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
-        <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1">
+    <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
      <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
        <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-      </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
  </subs>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5">
+  <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
      <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.1" role="obj">
    <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
  </subs>
  <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
    <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
    <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
  </pp>
</s>

movedowntoword:

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
-      <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
  </subs>
  <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
  </pp>
</s>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<s connector="but">
  <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <subs>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
      <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
  </subs>
  <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
    <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
      <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
  </pp>
</s>

flatten:

<s connector="but">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
-  <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-  </vp>
-  <subs>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-  </subs>
-  <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
-    <np def="def" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <np locus="number" gender="cl.3">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    </np>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</s>

addvocab:

-<s connector="but">
+<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
+    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f i&#x2D0; k">fiːk</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#xF8; m i f u">ømifu</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i &#x14B;">miŋ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="y&#x2D0; k a">yːka</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word>
+    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="&#x272; i m &#x259;# k">ɲimə#k</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e &#x283; a s">eʃas</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="i&#x2D0;">iː</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m i&#x2D0; d">miːd</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i &#x272; i s">iɲis</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="&#x272; a f">ɲaf</word>
  </flat>
</s>

vowelharmony:

<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f i&#x2D0; k">fiːk</word>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#xF8; m i f u">ømifu</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#xF8; m i f y" underlying="&#xF8; m i f u">ømify</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i &#x14B;">miŋ</thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="y&#x2D0; k a">yːka</word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word>
    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="&#x272; i m &#x259;# k">ɲimə#k</word>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e &#x283; a s">eʃas</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="i&#x2D0;">iː</word>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m i&#x2D0; d">miːd</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i &#x272; i s">iɲis</word>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="&#x272; a f">ɲaf</word>
  </flat>
</s>

removetags:

<s connector="but" translation="">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f i&#x2D0; k">fiːk</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="&#xF8; m i f y" underlying="&#xF8; m i f u">ømify</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="m i &#x14B;">miŋ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1" ph="y&#x2D0; k a">yːka</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="h a">ha</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph="h">h</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="y n">yn</word>
-    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="s a b">sab</word>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="&#x272; i m &#x259;# k">ɲimə#k</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="h a">ha</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i p">ip</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="e &#x283; a s">eʃas</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="i&#x2D0;">iː</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="m i&#x2D0; d">miːd</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph="m">m</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3" ph="i &#x272; i s">iɲis</word>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="&#x272; a f">ɲaf</word>
+    <word gloss="but" posp="conj">fiːk</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="&#xF8; m i f u">ømify</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">miŋ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">k</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.cl.1">yːka</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">f</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">ha</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1">h</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">yn</word>
+    <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" gender="cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">sab</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ɲimə#k</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">ha</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.5">k</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ip</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">eʃas</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2">iː</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" gender="cl.3">miːd</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">m</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" gender="cl.3">iɲis</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲaf</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;fiːk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;but&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ømifu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;arise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;miŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;yːka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;be&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;indicative&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;yn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sab&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1incl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲimə̃k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;eʃas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;langname&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;iː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;miːd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;different&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;m-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;iɲis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;manner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲaf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>fiːk kømifyf miŋ kyːkaf hahip myn sab ɲimə̃k hakip meʃas miː miːd miɲis ɲaf</p>
+  <p>fiik kømifyf ming kyykaf hahip myn sab ñimẽk hakip meshas mii miid miñis ñaf</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>fiːk</o>
+      <g>but</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ømifu</o>
+      <g>arise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>miŋ</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>yːka</o>
+      <g>be</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-f</o>
+      <g>indicative</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-h</o>
+      <g>cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ip</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>yn</o>
+      <g>language</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sab</o>
+      <g>1incl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲimə̃k</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ha</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ip</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>eʃas</o>
+      <g>langname</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>iː</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>miːd</o>
+      <g>different</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>m-</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>iɲis</o>
+      <g>manner</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲaf</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</s>

Fiik kømifyf ming kyykaf hahip myn sab ñimẽk hakip meshas mii miid miñis ñaf.

But our language arose in a different way.

Useful pages: