Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Ropam, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number"> + <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number"> + <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj"> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </s>movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t u ɲ">tuɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɾ i m">ɾim</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" ph="s u p">sup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" ph="p u">pu</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p a t">pat</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="m i s e ɲ i n">miseɲin</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t u ɲ">tuɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɾ i m">ɾim</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" ph="s u p">sup</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" ph="p u">pu</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p a t">pat</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="m i s e ɲ i n">miseɲin</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">naʋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">tuɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">sem</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def">ɾim</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number">sup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number">pu</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">pa</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj">pat</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">tiɾ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj">miseɲin</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">tiɾ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naʋ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sem</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾim</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sup</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pu</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pat</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miseɲin</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ naʋ tuɲ sem pa nuɾ ɾim sup pu pa pat tiɾ poɾ miseɲin tiɾ</p> + <p>paw naw tuñ sem pa nur rim sup pu pa pat tir por miseñin tir</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naʋ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuɲ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sem</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɾ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾim</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sup</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pu</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pat</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɾ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miseɲin</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɾ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Paw naw tuñ sem pa nur rim sup pu pa pat tir por miseñin tir.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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