Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Sahqag, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct"> <verb>arise</verb> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> <verb>be</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> <noun>langname</noun> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur"> <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> <noun>language</noun> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="indef" number="sing"> <noun>manner</noun> <adj>different</adj> </np> </pp> </s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module adj2noun:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> + </np> + <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> + </np> </pp> </s>module articles:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module noepistemic:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module NRel:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme"> - <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <np id="parent"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <relp comma="after"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but"> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module subordinate:
No change.
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent"> + <np id="parent" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module addgender:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> + <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3"> + <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3"> + <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3"> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3"> + <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> - <np def="def" role="owner"> + <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module ngen:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> - <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </pp> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> - <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" case="LOC"> + <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner"> + <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" role="obj" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" case="LOC"> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="cl.2" role="obj" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" case="LOC"> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> </pp> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> </np> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </pp> </s>addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> </np> <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </pp> </s>flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="STA" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> - </np> - </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʐˠ ɔi ꜖꜒ χʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST" ph="kʼʷ ɜ ɹˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">zˠhʈˠiɖʱˠɨ#꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃˠ+qʼˠ a ̰꜒ ɡʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɢʷɔːbʱˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɣʲ ɘ ꜖ ɥʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES" ph="ɾˠ ɔ ɾʲ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3" ph="ʃˠ+tʼʷ ɨ ꜖ ɹˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS" ph="htˤ ɛ#ː q͡χʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʋˠi#꜒t͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɽʲɔʁˠ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="kˠ a ̰꜖ nʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ᵏǁʰˠe#꜒꜖dʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="ɥˤ a# ɺˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɺˠe#꜖꜒mˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="qʼʲ uː ᵏǀˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="tʼʲ a ꜒ rˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʷe#ː꜒ʐˠ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="sʲ u ʁʲ" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʐˠ ɔi ꜖꜒ χʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST" ph="kʼʷ ɜ ɹˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">zˠhʈˠiɖʱˠɨ#꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i# ɖʱˠ ɨ## ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ">zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃˠ+qʼˠ a ̰꜒ ɡʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɢʷɔːbʱˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔ#ː bʱˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ">ɢʷɔ#ːbʱˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɣʲ ɘ ꜖ ɥʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES" ph="ɾˠ ɔ ɾʲ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3" ph="ʃˠ+tʼʷ ɨ ꜖ ɹˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS" ph="htˤ ɛ#ː q͡χʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʋˠi#꜒t͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">ɽʲɔʁˠ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i## ꜒ t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ">ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ# ʁˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ">ɽʲɔ#ʁˠ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="kˠ a ̰꜖ nʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ᵏǁʰˠe#꜒꜖dʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e## ꜒꜖ dʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ">ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="ɥˤ a# ɺˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɺˠe#꜖꜒mˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e## ꜖꜒ mˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ">ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="qʼʲ uː ᵏǀˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="tʼʲ a ꜒ rˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʷe#ː꜒ʐˠ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃʲkʰʲe#꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e##ː ꜒ ʐˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ">ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="sʲ u ʁʲ" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> </flat> </s>applysandhi:
/bʱˤ/ + /ʃʲ+kʰʲ/ > // + /bʱˤ/
/ʁˠ/ + /ʃʲ+kʰʲ/ > // + /ʁˠ/
/ᵏǀˤ/ + /tʼʲ/ > /ᵏǀˤ/ + /tʼʲ/<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʐˠ ɔi ꜖꜒ χʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST" ph="kʼʷ ɜ ɹˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʐˠ ɔi ꜖꜒ χʷ">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST" ph="kʼʷ ɜ ɹˤ">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i# ɖʱˠ ɨ## ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ">zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i# ɖʱˠ ɨ## ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" underlying="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ">zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃˠ+qʼˠ a ̰꜒ ɡʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔ#ː bʱˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ">ɢʷɔ#ːbʱˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃˠ+qʼˠ a ̰꜒ ɡʲ">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔ#ː" underlying="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ">ɢʷɔ#ː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="bʱˤ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">bʱˤe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɣʲ ɘ ꜖ ɥʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES" ph="ɾˠ ɔ ɾʲ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɣʲ ɘ ꜖ ɥʲ">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES" ph="ɾˠ ɔ ɾʲ">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3" ph="ʃˠ+tʼʷ ɨ ꜖ ɹˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3" ph="ʃˠ+tʼʷ ɨ ꜖ ɹˠ">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS" ph="htˤ ɛ#ː q͡χʷ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i## ꜒ t͡ʃ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ">ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ# ʁˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cir" underlying="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ">ɽʲɔ#ʁˠ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS" ph="htˤ ɛ#ː q͡χʷ">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i## ꜒ t͡ʃ" underlying="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ">ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ#" underlying="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ">ɽʲɔ#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʁˠ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʁˠe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="kˠ a ̰꜖ nʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="kˠ a ̰꜖ nʲ">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e## ꜒꜖ dʲ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ">ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="ɥˤ a# ɺˠ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e## ꜖꜒ mˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ">ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="qʼʲ uː ᵏǀˤ" slots="Cip V2 Cir">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="tʼʲ a ꜒ rˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e## ꜒꜖ dʲ" underlying="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ">ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="ɥˤ a# ɺˠ">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e## ꜖꜒ mˤ" underlying="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ">ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="qʼʲ uː ᵏǀˤ">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="tʼʲ a ꜒ rˠ">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e##ː ꜒ ʐˠ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ">ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="sʲ u ʁʲ" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e##ː ꜒ ʐˠ" underlying="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ">ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="sʲ u ʁʲ">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʐˠ ɔi ꜖꜒ χʷ">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST" ph="kʼʷ ɜ ɹˤ">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="zˠ+hʈˠ i# ɖʱˠ ɨ## ꜖꜒ ʂˠ" underlying="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ">zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="ʃˠ+qʼˠ a ̰꜒ ɡʲ">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ɢʷ ɔ#ː" underlying="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ">ɢʷɔ#ː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" ph="bʱˤ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">bʱˤe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɣʲ ɘ ꜖ ɥʲ">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES" ph="ɾˠ ɔ ɾʲ">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3" ph="ʃˠ+tʼʷ ɨ ꜖ ɹˠ">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS" ph="htˤ ɛ#ː q͡χʷ">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" ph="ʋˠ i## ꜒ t͡ʃ" underlying="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ">ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="ɽʲ ɔ#" underlying="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ">ɽʲɔ#</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" ph="ʁˠ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʁˠe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="kˠ a ̰꜖ nʲ">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ᵏǁʰˠ e## ꜒꜖ dʲ" underlying="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ">ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="ɥˤ a# ɺˠ">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="ɺˠ e## ꜖꜒ mˤ" underlying="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ">ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="qʼʲ uː ᵏǀˤ">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" ph="tʼʲ a ꜒ rˠ">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ e##ː ꜒ ʐˠ" underlying="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ">ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" ph="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e## ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="sʲ u ʁʲ">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PAST">kʼʷɜɹˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="zˠ+hʈˠ i ɖʱˠ ɨ# ꜖꜒ ʂˠ">zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" underlying="ɢʷ ɔː bʱˤ">ɢʷɔ#ː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" case="STA" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">bʱˤe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation.voice.ta" function="proclitic" gloss="POS.active.PRES">ɾˠɔɾʲ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" obj="3.cl.3">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.POSS">htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" underlying="ʋˠ i# ꜒ t͡ʃ">ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" underlying="ɽʲ ɔ ʁˠ">ɽʲɔ#</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="1incl" comma="after" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʁˠe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ,</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.2" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" underlying="ᵏǁʰˠ e# ꜒꜖ dʲ">ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS">ɥˤa#ɺˠ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC" underlying="ɺˠ e# ꜖꜒ mˤ">ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="3.cl.4" case="LOC">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" underlying="ɣʷ e#ː ꜒ ʐˠ">ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="owner" possessor="no.owner" case="LOC" underlying="ʃʲ+kʰʲ e# ꜖꜒ r̥ˤ">ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">sʲuʁʲ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼʷɜɹˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span>.active.<span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˠhʈˠiɖʱˠɨ̃꜖꜒ʂˠ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɢʷɔːbʱˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾˠɔɾʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span>.active.<span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">htˤɛ̃ːq͡χʷ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋˠĩ꜒t͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽʲɔʁˠ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kˠa̰꜖nʲ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǁʰˠẽ꜒꜖dʲ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɥˤãɺˠ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɺˠẽ꜖꜒mˤ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʼʲa꜒rˠ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷẽː꜒ʐˠ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sʲuʁʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ kʼʷɜɹˤ zˠhʈˠĩɖʱˠɨ̃̃꜖꜒ʂˠ ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ ɢʷɔ̃ːbʱˤẽ̃꜖꜒r̥ˤ, ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ ɾˠɔɾʲ ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ htˤɛ̃ːq͡χʷ ʋˠĩ̃꜒t͡ʃ ɽʲɔ̃ʁˠẽ̃꜖꜒r̥ˤ, kˠa̰꜖nʲ ᵏǁʰˠẽ̃꜒꜖dʲ ɥˤãɺˠ ɺˠẽ̃꜖꜒mˤ qʼʲuːᵏǀˤtʼʲa꜒rˠ ɣʷẽ̃ː꜒ʐˠ ʃʲkʰʲẽ̃꜖꜒r̥ˤ sʲuʁʲ</p> + <p>ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ kʼʷɜɹˤ zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ ɢʷɔ#ːbʱˤe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ, ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ ɾˠɔɾʲ ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ ɽʲɔ#ʁˠe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ, kˠa̰꜖nʲ ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ ɥˤa#ɺˠ ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ qʼʲuːᵏǀˤtʼʲa꜒rˠ ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ sʲuʁʲ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼʷɜɹˤ</o> + <g>POS.active.PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˠhʈˠiɖʱˠɨ̃꜖꜒ʂˠ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɢʷɔːbʱˤ-</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾˠɔɾʲ</o> + <g>POS.active.PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>htˤɛ̃ːq͡χʷ</o> + <g>1incl.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋˠĩ꜒t͡ʃ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽʲɔʁˠ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kˠa̰꜖nʲ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǁʰˠẽ꜒꜖dʲ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɥˤãɺˠ</o> + <g>3.cl.4.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɺˠẽ꜖꜒mˤ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>qʼʲuːᵏǀˤ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʼʲa꜒rˠ</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷẽː꜒ʐˠ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃʲkʰʲẽ꜖꜒r̥ˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sʲuʁʲ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + </il> </s>ʐˠɔi꜖꜒χʷ kʼʷɜɹˤ zˠhʈˠi#ɖʱˠɨ##꜖꜒ʂˠ ʃˠqʼˠa̰꜒ɡʲ ɢʷɔ#ːbʱˤe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ, ɣʲɘ꜖ɥʲ ɾˠɔɾʲ ʃˠtʼʷɨ꜖ɹˠ htˤɛ#ːq͡χʷ ʋˠi##꜒t͡ʃ ɽʲɔ#ʁˠe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ, kˠa̰꜖nʲ ᵏǁʰˠe##꜒꜖dʲ ɥˤa#ɺˠ ɺˠe##꜖꜒mˤ qʼʲuːᵏǀˤtʼʲa꜒rˠ ɣʷe##ː꜒ʐˠ ʃʲkʰʲe##꜖꜒r̥ˤ sʲuʁʲ.
But our language arose in a different way.
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