Create your own language

The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.

A robot at a blackboard, generating a language from typological parameters. — The Language Creator at work.

The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.

The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.

A sample from Zhuy, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:

initial XML:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
    <verb>have</verb>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
    <noun>human being</noun>
    <adj>all</adj>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" number="sing">
        <noun>earth</noun>
        <adj>whole</adj>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np def="neither" number="sing">
        <noun>language</noun>
        <num>one</num>
      </np>
      <np def="neither" number="sing">
        <noun>dialect</noun>
        <num>one</num>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

cleanup:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
-    <verb>have</verb>
+  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
-  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
-    <noun>human being</noun>
-    <adj>all</adj>
+  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
-        <noun>earth</noun>
-        <adj>whole</adj>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np def="neither" number="sing">
-        <noun>language</noun>
-        <num>one</num>
+      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="neither" number="sing">
-        <noun>dialect</noun>
-        <num>one</num>
+      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module articles:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module nonpastonly:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module noepistemic:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module NRel: No change.

module sentenceconnectors: No change.

module complementise: No change.

module affixdensity: No change.

module adpositions:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
        </np>
+        <np def="def" number="sing">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+        </np>
+      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module constorder: No change.

module casemarking: No change.

module markowner: No change.

module addgender:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
-  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
-        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
-  <np role="obj">
+  <np role="obj" gender="neut">
    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module propagatenumber:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
-  <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module simplifynumber: No change.

createpronouns: No change.

module ngen: No change.

module wordorder:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module wordorder:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

module wordorder: No change.

module conjp:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <conjp conj="and">
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
      </np>
+      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
      </np>
    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

flattenconjp:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
-    <conjp conj="and">
-      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-      <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+    <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
    </np>
-    </conjp>
  </np>
</s>

fixpronouns: No change.

copyuptophrase: No change.

prodrop: No change.

addclitics:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
    <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
      <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</s>

propagateArgumentCase: No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
        <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
          <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
-  <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</s>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
-      <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
-      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
  </np>
</s>

movedowntoword:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
-      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
-        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
  </np>
</s>

About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/def/obligatory
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/def/obligatory
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
Got not.def

addaffixes:

<s>
  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
  </vp>
  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
      <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
        <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
      </np>
    </pp>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
  </np>
  <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
  </np>
</s>

flatten:

<s>
-  <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
-  <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-  </vp>
-  <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-    <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
    <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-      </np>
-    </pp>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
-  </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-  <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</s>

addvocab:

-<s>
+<s translation="">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def"/>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|k|-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|a|d|-</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|au|ˈ|t͡s|a|</word>
+    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|ɾ|</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|m|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">|r|a|ˈ|m|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|i|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">|t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|h|i|ˈ|t͡ɕ|</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|m|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|d͡ʒ|a|ˈ|s|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">|f|eː|ˈ|ʒ|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|ɲ|eː|ˈ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|l|a|ˈ|s|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">-|j|u|</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|o|ˈ|</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|ɲ|eː|ˈ|</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|d|a|k|aː|ˈ|m|</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
+    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">-|j|u|</thingy>
  </flat>
</s>

vowelharmony: No change.

### |k|-
#-> k-
### |k|-
#-> k-
### |a|d|-
#-> ad-
### |a|d|-
#-> ad-
### |au|ˈ|t͡s|a|
#-> ˈaut͡sa
### |au|ˈ|t͡s|a|
#-> ˈaut͡sa
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|ɾ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃaɾ
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|ɾ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃaɾ
### -|i|m|a|
#-> -ima
### -|i|m|a|
#-> -ima
### |r|a|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈram
### |r|a|ˈ|m|
#-> ˈram
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|i|
#-> -i
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃe
### |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃe
### |h|i|ˈ|t͡ɕ|
#-> ˈhit͡ɕ
### |h|i|ˈ|t͡ɕ|
#-> ˈhit͡ɕ
### -|i|m|a|
#-> -ima
### -|i|m|a|
#-> -ima
### |d͡ʒ|a|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈd͡ʒas
### |d͡ʒ|a|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈd͡ʒas
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### |f|eː|ˈ|ʒ|
#-> ˈfeːʒ
### |f|eː|ˈ|ʒ|
#-> ˈfeːʒ
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### -|t|a|
#-> -ta
### |ɲ|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɲeː
### |ɲ|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɲeː
### |l|a|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈlas
### |l|a|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈlas
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|j|u|
#-> -ju
### -|j|u|
#-> -ju
### |f|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈfo
### |f|o|ˈ|
#-> ˈfo
### |ɲ|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɲeː
### |ɲ|eː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɲeː
### |d|a|k|aː|ˈ|m|
#-> daˈkaːm
### |d|a|k|aː|ˈ|m|
#-> daˈkaːm
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|i|n|
#-> -in
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|j|u|
#-> -ju
### -|j|u|
#-> -ju
### |k||a|d||au|ˈ|t͡s|a| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|ɾ||i|m|a| |r|a|ˈ|m||i|n||i||t|a| |t͡ʃ|e|ˈ| |h|i|ˈ|t͡ɕ||i|m|a| |d͡ʒ|a|ˈ|s||i|n||u||t|a| |f|eː|ˈ|ʒ||i|n||u||t|a| |ɲ|eː|ˈ| |l|a|ˈ|s||i|n||u||j|u| |f|o|ˈ| |ɲ|eː|ˈ| |d|a|k|aː|ˈ|m||i|n||u||j|u|
#-> kaˈdaut͡sa ˈt͡ʃaɾima ˈraminita ˈt͡ʃe ˈhit͡ɕima ˈd͡ʒasinuta ˈfeːʒinuta ˈɲeː ˈlasinuju ˈfo ˈɲeː daˈkaːminuju

removetags:

<s translation="">
  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|k|-</thingy>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|a|d|-</thingy>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">|au|ˈ|t͡s|a|</word>
-    <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|ɾ|</word>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|m|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">|r|a|ˈ|m|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|i|</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">|t͡ʃ|e|ˈ|</word>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|h|i|ˈ|t͡ɕ|</word>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|m|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">|d͡ʒ|a|ˈ|s|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc">|f|eː|ˈ|ʒ|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">-|t|a|</thingy>
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|ɲ|eː|ˈ|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|l|a|ˈ|s|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">-|j|u|</thingy>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|f|o|ˈ|</word>
    <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|ɲ|eː|ˈ|</word>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">|d|a|k|aː|ˈ|m|</word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|n|</thingy>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|u|</thingy>
    <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="not.def">-|j|u|</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;k-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ad-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈaut͡sa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃaɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;all&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈram&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;human being&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ʃe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈhit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;whole&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;earth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈfeːʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲeː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈlas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;language&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ju&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈfo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲeː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;one&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daˈkaːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dialect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ju&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;not.def&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>kaˈdaut͡sa ˈt͡ʃaɾima ˈraminita ˈt͡ʃe ˈhit͡ɕima ˈd͡ʒasinuta ˈfeːʒinuta ˈɲeː ˈlasinuju ˈfo ˈɲeː daˈkaːminuju</p>
+  <p>kadvtza charima éaminita che hityima jasinuta feezhinuta ñee lasinuyu fo ñee dakaaminuyu</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>k-</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ad-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈaut͡sa</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃaɾ</o>
+      <g>all</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ima</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈram</o>
+      <g>human being</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ta</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ʃe</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈhit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>whole</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ima</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒas</o>
+      <g>earth</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ta</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈfeːʒ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ta</o>
+      <g>def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲeː</o>
+      <g>one</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈlas</o>
+      <g>language</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ju</o>
+      <g>not.def</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈfo</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲeː</o>
+      <g>one</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daˈkaːm</o>
+      <g>dialect</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ju</o>
+      <g>not.def</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</s>

Kadvtza charima éaminita che hityima jasinuta feezhinuta ñee lasinuyu fo ñee dakaaminuyu.

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

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