Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Kap, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then"> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nominalise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </relp> </np> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for obj/
defaultval: verb, obj
returning none
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Qaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/indobj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.plur
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/indobj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/obj/obligatory
Got none
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/indobj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/possessor/obligatory
Got no.owner
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s>flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="m a# k">ma#k</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="b">b</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i d">id</word> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="au r">aur</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="d i# d">di#d</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="a l">al</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="o n">on</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="b e f">bef</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k oː t">koːt</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s aː ɡ">saːɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="w i d">wid</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d i ɡ">diɡ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s aː ɡ">saːɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡ a w i m">ɡawim</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="m a# k">ma#k</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="b">b</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i d">id</word> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="au r">aur</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="d i# d">di#d</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="a l">al</thingy> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="o n">on</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="a n">an</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" ph="b e f">bef</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k oː t">koːt</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s aː ɡ">saːɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="w i d">wid</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d i ɡ">diɡ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="s aː ɡ">saːɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡ a w i m">ɡawim</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS" attach="suffix" ph="ə# f">ə#f</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ma#k</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">b</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">id</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ə#f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">f</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">aur</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">di#d</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">al</thingy> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">ə#f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">f</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">on</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="none.OBJ">an</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">bef</word> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">ə#f</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">koːt</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">saːɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">wid</word> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">ə#f</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">diɡ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">saːɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɡawim</word> + <thingy type="nounpossessor" function="suffix" gloss="no.owner.POSS">ə#f</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mãk</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">b-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">id</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uk</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-an</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aur</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-an</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-an</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dĩd</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-al</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">on</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uk</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-an</span><br><span class="gls">none.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bef</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koːt</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wid</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diɡ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡawim</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ə̃f</span><br><span class="gls">no.owner.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p> + <p>mãk bidukanə̃f faurananə̃f dĩdalə̃f fonukanə̃f befə̃f koːt saːɡ widə̃f diɡ saːɡ ɡawimə̃f</p> + <p>mank bidukanẽf faurananẽf dindalẽf fonukanẽf befẽf koot saag widẽf dig saag gawimẽf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mãk</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>b-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>id</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uk</o> + <g>3.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-an</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aur</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-an</o> + <g>3.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-an</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dĩd</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-al</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>on</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uk</o> + <g>3.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-an</o> + <g>none.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bef</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koːt</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːɡ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wid</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diɡ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːɡ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡawim</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ə̃f</o> + <g>no.owner.POSS</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Mank bidukanẽf faurananẽf dindalẽf fonukanẽf befẽf koot saag widẽf dig saag gawimẽf.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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