Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Hin, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct"> <verb>arise</verb> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> <verb>be</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> <noun>langname</noun> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur"> <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> <noun>language</noun> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="indef" number="sing"> <noun>manner</noun> <adj>different</adj> </np> </pp> </s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module articles:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module noepistemic:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module NRel:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme"> - <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <np id="parent"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <relp comma="after"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but"> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent"> + <np id="parent" case="NOM"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module markowner:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM"> + <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </np> + </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </np> - </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> - </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/optional
Got sing<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </s>flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - </relp> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="t͡ɕ iː ˈ b">t͡ɕiːˈb</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="θ a ɣʷ au ˈ t͡ɕ">θaɣʷauˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a n">pan</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ n">hiˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM" ph="s+kʷ e ˈ ɣʷ">skʷeˈɣʷ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" ph="kʷ i ˈ ʃ">kʷiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="r ai ˈ n">raiˈn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɲ iː ˈ n">ɲiːˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s+kʷ e ˈ ɣʷ">skʷeˈɣʷ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="k u ˈ">kuˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="w i z">wiz</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d oː ˈ ɣʷ">doːˈɣʷ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="r i ˈ ʃ">riˈʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="z+d aː ˈ ɣ">zdaːˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t͡ʃ a w">t͡ʃaw</thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="t͡ɕ iː ˈ b">t͡ɕiːˈb</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="θ a ɣʷ au ˈ t͡ɕ">θaɣʷauˈt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a n">pan</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ n">hiˈn</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM" ph="s+kʷ e ˈ ɣʷ">skʷeˈɣʷ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" ph="kʷ i ˈ ʃ">kʷiˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="r ai ˈ n">raiˈn</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɲ iː ˈ n">ɲiːˈn</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="s+kʷ e ˈ ɣʷ">skʷeˈɣʷ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after" ph="k u ˈ">kuˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="w i z">wiz</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d oː ˈ ɣʷ">doːˈɣʷ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="r i ˈ ʃ">riˈʃ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="z+d aː ˈ ɣ">zdaːˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t͡ʃ a w">t͡ʃaw</thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">t͡ɕiːˈb</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">θaɣʷauˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pan</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM">hiˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" case="NOM">skʷeˈɣʷ,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">kʷiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">raiˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">ɲiːˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">skʷeˈɣʷ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" comma="after">kuˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">wiz,</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">doːˈɣʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">riˈʃ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">zdaːˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">t͡ʃaw</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ɕiːb</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">θaˈɣʷaut͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pan</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhin</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈskʷeɣʷ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʷiʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈrain</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiːn</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈskʷeɣʷ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈku</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiz</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːɣʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈriʃ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzdaːɣ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaw</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈt͡ɕiːb θaˈɣʷaut͡ɕ pan ˈhin ˈskʷeɣʷ, ˈkʷiʃ ˈrain ˈɲiːn ˈskʷeɣʷ ˈku wiz, ˈdoːɣʷ ˈriʃ ˈzdaːɣ t͡ʃaw</p> + <p>tyiib thağwauty pan hin squeğw, quish rain ñiin squeğw ku wiz, dooğw rish zdaağ chaw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ɕiːb</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>θaˈɣʷaut͡ɕ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pan</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhin</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈskʷeɣʷ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkʷiʃ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈrain</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiːn</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈskʷeɣʷ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈku</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiz</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdoːɣʷ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈriʃ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzdaːɣ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃaw</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Tyiib thağwauty pan hin squeğw, quish rain ñiin squeğw ku wiz, dooğw rish zdaağ chaw.
But our language arose in a different way.
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