Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Sahqosahq, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then"> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module conjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> </np> </relp> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> </s>addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> </np> </s>flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ɕ e ˈ h">ɕeˈh</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ o ŋ">ʈoŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ uː ˈ n">ʑuːˈn</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʈʼ e cʼ">ʈʼecʼ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="p oː ˈ tˤ">poːˈtˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ a ˈ t">ʃaˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u tʼ">utʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a ˈ ʃ">ʂaˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ a ˈ q">ɕʈʼaˈq</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="t i ˈ ɟ">tiˈɟ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t ɨ ˈ s">tɨˈs</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɽ i ˈ s+tˤ">ɽiˈstˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i ˈ nˤ">siˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʃ+ʈʼ u ɲ e ˈ q">ʃʈʼuɲeˈq</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ɕ e ˈ h">ɕeˈh</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ o ŋ">ʈoŋ</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ uː ˈ n">ʑuːˈn</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʈʼ e cʼ">ʈʼecʼ</thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="p oː ˈ tˤ">poːˈtˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ a ˈ t">ʃaˈt</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u tʼ">utʼ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a ˈ ʃ">ʂaˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ qʼ" underlying="i qʼ">ɨqʼ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ a ˈ q">ɕʈʼaˈq</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="t i ˈ ɟ">tiˈɟ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t ɨ ˈ s">tɨˈs</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɽ i ˈ s+tˤ">ɽiˈstˤ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i ˈ nˤ">siˈnˤ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʃ+ʈʼ u ɲ e ˈ q">ʃʈʼuɲeˈq</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ɕ e ˈ h">ɕeˈh</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ o ŋ">ʈoŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʑ uː ˈ n">ʑuːˈn</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʈʼ e cʼ">ʈʼecʼ</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="p oː ˈ tˤ">poːˈtˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʃ a ˈ t">ʃaˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u tʼ">utʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a ˈ ʃ">ʂaˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ qʼ" underlying="i qʼ">ɨqʼ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ o ˈ n">ʂoˈn</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɕ+ʈʼ a ˈ q">ɕʈʼaˈq</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner" ph="t i ˈ ɟ">tiˈɟ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t ɨ ˈ s">tɨˈs</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɽ i ˈ s+tˤ">ɽiˈstˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s i ˈ nˤ">siˈnˤ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="proclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʃ+ʈʼ u ɲ e ˈ q">ʃʈʼuɲeˈq</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i qʼ">iqʼ</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="cʼ i ˈ ɲ">cʼiˈɲ</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ɕeˈh</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ʈoŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʑuːˈn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ʂoˈn</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="3.plur.SUBJ">ʈʼecʼ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">poːˈtˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">ʃaˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">utʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">ʂaˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i qʼ">ɨqʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">ʂoˈn</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">ɕʈʼaˈq</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="ABS" possessor="no.owner">tiˈɟ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">iqʼ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">tɨˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɽiˈstˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">iqʼ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">cʼiˈɲ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">siˈnˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ʃʈʼuɲeˈq</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">iqʼ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">cʼiˈɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕeh</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈoŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑuːn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂon</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʼecʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpoːtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃat</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-utʼ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂaʃ</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂon</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɕʈʼaq</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtiɟ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɨs</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɽistˤ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈcʼiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsinˤ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃʈʼuˈɲeq</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈcʼiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>ˈɕeh ʈoŋ ˈʑuːn ˈʂon ʈʼecʼ ˈpoːtˤ ˈʃatutʼ ˈʂaʃɨqʼ ˈʂon ˈɕʈʼaq ˈtiɟiqʼ ˈtɨs ˈɽistˤiqʼ ˈcʼiɲ ˈsinˤ ʃʈʼuˈɲeqiqʼ ˈcʼiɲ</p> + <p>ɕeh rtong ʑuun rson ʈʼecʼ pooṭ shatudt rsashygq rson ɕʈʼaq tidyigq tys rrisṭigq cʼiñ siṇ shʈʼuñeqigq cʼiñ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈɕeh</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈoŋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʑuːn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂon</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʼecʼ</o> + <g>3.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpoːtˤ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃat</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-utʼ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂaʃ</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iqʼ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʂon</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɕʈʼaq</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtiɟ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iqʼ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɨs</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɽistˤ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iqʼ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈcʼiɲ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsinˤ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃʈʼuˈɲeq</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iqʼ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈcʼiɲ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>ɕeh rtong ʑuun rson ʈʼecʼ pooṭ shatudt rsashygq rson ɕʈʼaq tidyigq tys rrisṭigq cʼiñ siṇ shʈʼuñeqigq cʼiñ.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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