The Mipa Language

Grammar, Texts and Dictionary

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Generated by the Language Creator on 15th April 2026

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2HFW4

Grammar

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Mipa language (the 7th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Mipa.

Typological Profile

It has four genders, a complete lack of sibilant consonants, a complete absence of fricative consonants and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Mipa has 10 consonant phonemes, forming a relatively small inventory.

It has a complete absence of fricative consonants, a complete absence of affricates, a complete absence of palatal consonants, something which is a rare occurrence indeed, as well as a complete lack of sibilant consonants and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Mipa. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labial	alveolar	lateral	velar	glottal
stop	p	t	k	ʔ
nasal	m	n
fricative	h
approximant	w	l

Vowels

Mipa has 10 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system and a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Mipa. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

front	central	back
close	i	u
mid	e	o
open	a

Stress and Tones

Mipa has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Mipa is normally written using the Arabic alphabet, a consonant-centred script whose forms vary according to position in the word. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided to make the pronunciation fully explicit.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:<h3>Simple letters</h3><table class='orthotable'><tr><td>ا /aˀ, aː, aːˀ, eˀ, eːˀ, iˀ, iːˀ, oˀ, oːˀ, uˀ, uːˀ, yˀ, yːˀ, øˀ, øːˀ, əˀ, ɤˀ, ɤːˀ, ɨˀ, ɨː, ɨːˀ, ɯˀ, ɯːˀ, ʔ/</td><td>ت /t/</td><td>ح /h/</td><td>ك /k/</td></tr><tr><td>ل /l/</td><td>م /m/</td><td>ن /n/</td><td>و /au, oː, uː, w, ɤː, ɯː/</td></tr><tr><td>ي /ai, eː, iː, yː, øː/</td><td>پ /p/</td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><h3>Diacritics</h3><table class='orthotable'><tr><td>&#x25CC;ٓ /a̰, ḛ, ḭ, o̰, ṵ/</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table></table>

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Mipa does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Mipa has the following genders:

Gender cl.1 – for instance: اامي ‘guts’, الٓ ‘fight’, امٓ ‘belly’, حا ‘tooth’, حاحي ‘bosom’, حح ‘daughter’, حوٓ ‘vagina’, حپ ‘breast’, كيل ‘wing’, لال ‘hair’, لم ‘mother’, لم ‘penis’, محٓ ‘tree’, نلة ‘woman’, نٓوا ‘fingernail’, وتة ‘box’, ويپ ‘bed’, وٓلة ‘heart’, وپ ‘anus’, پٓني ‘breath’.

Gender cl.2 – for instance: تا ‘fruit’, تا ‘wheat’, تيل ‘cheese’, حني ‘feather’, حوة ‘night’, كااا ‘time’, كن ‘apple’, لول ‘machine’, مكا ‘surface’, ممٓ ‘top’, ناا ‘inside’, نپ ‘father’, واتو ‘year’, واپ ‘house’, ون ‘day’, وين ‘son’, پا ‘meat’, پن ‘man’, پوٓ ‘brick’, پٓت ‘God’.

Gender cl.3 – for instance: اكو ‘snake’, ام ‘sound’, تكة ‘friend’, تٓل ‘seed’, حٓپ ‘root’, كا ‘lion’, كالي ‘language’, كت ‘east’, كحو ‘speech’, كلي ‘north’, كن ‘dog’, كيل ‘neighbour’, لاوٓ ‘people’, مو ‘cat’, موك ‘west’, مپة ‘mammal’, ناكا ‘human being’, نو ‘animal’, ووٓ ‘south’, پكة ‘binoculars’.

Gender cl.4 – for instance: او ‘idea’, آل ‘umbrella’, تآ ‘horn’, حوك ‘dialect’, كحو ‘fog’, كما ‘forest’, لك ‘fire’, لم ‘wind’, لٓن ‘faeces’, ممة ‘lake’, مٓپ ‘dust’, ناا ‘money’, نپٓ ‘ash’, وول ‘sea’, وپ ‘manner’, پاو ‘mountain’, پاوٓ ‘chair’, پم ‘stone’, پوي ‘cloud’, پٓپ ‘star’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Mipa can be exemplified by the following example:

نلتو مميتو حو كٓنك تين پالتو كاي كيحام.	(1)

[nilatoː memeːtoː huː kḭnuke tiːne paːlutoː kuʔeː kiːhaːme]

woman	def	knife	def	COMIT	yon	STA	cl.3	three

STA	mouse	def	blind	STA	catch	indicative	not.Q

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Mipa consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing def, comprising ـحٓ /-hḭ/ ‘not.def’ and ـتو /-toː/ ‘def’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـو /-wi/ ‘little’ and ـپي /-peː/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Mipa, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising ـي /-eː/ ‘STA’, ـٓ /-ḭ/ ‘ACT’, ـو /-oː/ ‘GEN’, ـ /-e/ ‘DAT’, ـ /-o/ ‘INS’, ـا /-aː/ ‘VOC’, ـٓ /-a̰/ ‘ALL’, ـ /-i/ ‘LOC’, ـٓ /-o̰/ ‘ABL’ and ـة /-a/ ‘PART’.

Numerals

The morphology of the numerals is as follows: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising ـن /-ne/ ‘STA’, ـل /-lo/ ‘ACT’, ـپٓ /-pṵ/ ‘GEN’, ـحو /-huː/ ‘DAT’, ـم /-mi/ ‘INS’, ـحٓ /-hṵ/ ‘VOC’, ـلي /-leː/ ‘ALL’, ـمو /-muː/ ‘LOC’, ـح /-hi/ ‘ABL’ and ـتو /-toː/ ‘PART’.

Determiners

In Mipa, the determiner has the following structure: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising ـن /-nu/ ‘STA’, ـمٓ /-mo̰/ ‘ACT’, ـكا /-kaː/ ‘GEN’, ـك /-ki/ ‘DAT’, ـكٓ /-ka̰/ ‘INS’, ـن /-ni/ ‘VOC’, ـتي /-tiː/ ‘ALL’, ـحو /-huː/ ‘LOC’, ـكو /-koː/ ‘ABL’ and ـل /-lu/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising ـت /-to/ ‘cl.2’, ـك /-ke/ ‘cl.3’ and ـك /-ko/ ‘cl.4’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Mipa stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

اناتو حوپٓم حٓ نٓكام كيلي.	(2)

[ʔonaːtoː huːpḛme ha̰ nḛkaːme kiːleː]

tiger	def	kill	imperative	not.Q	because	be	indicative	not.Q

happy	STA

“Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.”

Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

لٓنام.	(3)

[lḭnaːme]

love	indicative	not.Q

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

لٓ لٓنام.	(4)

[lḛ lḭnaːme]

3.cl.2	love	indicative	not.Q

“He loves her.”

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

پو لٓنام.	(5)

[poː lḭnaːme]

3.cl.1	love	indicative	not.Q

“He loves her.”

Proper Nouns

حلتو كمتو توپام.	(6)

[halatoː kumitoː tuːpaːme]

Hala	def	Kumi	def	hate	indicative	not.Q

“Hala hates Kumi.”

Possession

كنتو وكتو	(7)

[kinitoː wakotoː]

apple	def	boy	def

“the boy’s apple”

كنتو لٓ	(8)

[kinitoː lḛ]

apple	def	3.cl.2

“his (the boy’s) apple”

كنتو ك	(9)

[kinitoː ku]

apple	def	1excl

“my apple”

ححتو پنٓتو وينتو كيلتو حٓ حنام.	(10)

[hihotoː puna̰toː weːnitoː kiːlotoː hḛ henaːme]

daughter	def	hunter	def	son	def	neighbour	def	2

kiss	indicative	not.Q

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

Derivation

Mipa has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

آمحٓ	(11)

[ʔḭmahḭ]

lamb	not.def

“a lamb”

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

آموحٓ	(12)

[ʔḭmawihḭ]

lamb	little	not.def

“a little lamb”

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Mipa are enclitics (placed finally), and there are three types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising لي /leː/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing voice, comprising لٓ /la̰/ ‘passive’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing negation, comprising لو /luː/ ‘NEG’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing mode, comprising ـا /-aː/ ‘indicative’, ـٓ /-ḛ/ ‘imperative’, ـٓ /-a̰/ ‘conditional’ and ـو /-uː/ ‘optative’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing question, comprising ـوي /-weː/ ‘Q’ and ـم /-me/ ‘not.Q’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely ـت /-et/ ‘begin’ and ـو /-ew/ ‘stop’

لٓنام.	(13)

[lḭnaːme]

love	indicative	not.Q

“I love you.”

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

مكاتو اووٓتو نا	(14)

[mikaːtoː ʔuːwḛtoː naː]

surface	def	table	def	in

“on the table”

نااتو وتتو مو	(15)

[naːʔotoː watatoː moː]

inside	def	box	def	to

“into the box”

ك حو	(16)

[ku huː]

1excl	COMIT

“with me”

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Mipa has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Mipa.

كٓاتو پنٓتو حوپام.	(17)

[ko̰ʔotoː puna̰toː huːpaːme]

jaguar	def	hunter	def	kill	indicative	not.Q

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

كاتو كنتو ححتو پنٓتو نٓپام.	(18)

[kuʔotoː kunutoː hihotoː puna̰toː nḛpaːme]

lion	def	dog	def	daughter	def	hunter	def	eat

indicative	not.Q

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Mipa reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Mipa expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

تپتو تكتو وينتو حٓ	(19)

[tiputoː takatoː weːnitoː hḛ]

book	def	friend	def	son	def	2

“your son’s friend’s book”

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

پنٓتو كٓاتو لٓ اناتو لٓ كاتو حوپام.	(20)

[puna̰toː ko̰ʔotoː lḭ ʔonaːtoː lḭ kuʔotoː huːpaːme]

hunter	def	jaguar	def	and	tiger	def	and	lion

def	kill	indicative	not.Q

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Mipa provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Mipa forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

موتو ننام.	(21)

[miwotoː nonaːme]

cat	def	pat	indicative	not.Q

“I patted the cat.”

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

ننام موتو, ح كيحام پالتو.	(22)

[nonaːme miwotoː, ho kiːhaːme paːlutoː]

pat	indicative	not.Q	cat	def	RELPRON	catch	indicative	not.Q

mouse	def

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

ننام موتو, ح كيحام پالتو, ح نٓپام تيلتو.	(23)

[nonaːme miwotoː, ho kiːhaːme paːlutoː, ho nḛpaːme tiːlitoː]

pat	indicative	not.Q	cat	def	RELPRON	catch	indicative	not.Q

mouse	def	RELPRON	eat	indicative	not.Q	cheese	def

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

ننام موتو, ح كيحام پالتو, ح نٓپام تيلتو, ح ايكام ك.	(24)

[nonaːme miwotoː, ho kiːhaːme paːlutoː, ho nḛpaːme tiːlitoː, ho ʔiːkaːme ku]

pat	indicative	not.Q	cat	def	RELPRON	catch	indicative	not.Q

mouse	def	RELPRON	eat	indicative	not.Q	cheese	def	RELPRON

buy	indicative	not.Q	1excl

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

Complementation Strategies

Mipa introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

وكتو مٓكٓتو كنحٓ كٓنام ل پمتو لمٓم.	(25)

[wakotoː mḭkḛtoː kinihḭ kḭnaːme lo pimitoː lomḛme]

boy	def	girl	def	apple	not.def	give	indicative	not.Q

COMP	teacher	def	surprise	imperative	not.Q

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

Quotes

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Miscellaneous

Texts

The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)

كتٓم ناكاتو ووي مكاتو پمتو وني نا كٓن كالي ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] لٓ كٓن حوك ???[3:نن/df/نتحr]. آكٓم كٓ نااتو كتتو تي, لٓ لٓكٓم كٓ پنحٓ نالي نااتو تيلحٓ نا, م كٓمٓم كٓ مٓ. حينٓم كٓ كي پوٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] حولٓم ل لٓ كي پوٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] آپٓم ل حٓ. كتام لي كٓ پوٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] پم ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] تٓ, لٓ كتام لي كٓ وپٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] موٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] تٓ.

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.

A Creation Myth

لكام لو كي ناكا ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] حاتي. حامٓم الٓ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] لٓ كااا ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] كاليتو كٓ. وٓنٓم كٓ امتو مپ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr] لٓ ناپ ???[3:نن/df/نتحr]. ت لونٓم ميپتو, ح نٓكام كاليتو كي, نااتو وپحٓ پكي نا. حٓمٓم كٓ وني لٓ وكي نااتو پٓنيحٓ حٓتي نا. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. [??2: xxx_vrb]ام? حپام لولحٓ تا ???[3:نن/df/نتحr], ويمام لٓ ناا ???[3:نن/df/نتحr], [??2: xxx_vrb]ام. وٓپٓم لو كاليتو كي, آتٓم كٓ.

We are not like other people. Their languages were shaped by struggle and time. They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that. But our language arose in a different way. It was born whole and perfect in a single breath. Before that moment, our ancestors lived in a shadow-world. Then God pressed one button, and words and meanings arrived. The people awoke, and speech filled their mouths like breath for the first time. Where there had been nothing, there were now mountains, rivers and names for everything. Some outsiders claim that our language was not made by God at all, but by a machine. But how could that be? Machines can grind wheat and count money, but they cannot create mountains or ignite the sun. Our language did not evolve; it was created.

English-Mipa Dictionary

1excl pron ك pron

1incl pron كي pron

2 pron حٓ pron

3.cl.1 pron پو pron

3.cl.2 pron لٓ pron

3.cl.3 pron كٓ pron

3.cl.4 pron مٓ pron

all adj وو adj

always adv ك adv

and conj لٓ conj

animal noun نو noun (cl.3)

anus noun وپ noun (cl.1)

appear verb حٓم verb

apple noun كن noun (cl.2)

arise verb لون verb

ash noun نپٓ noun (cl.4)

back noun (body part) مو noun (cl.1)

bad adj مك adj

bark noun (on tree) پح noun (cl.4)

be verb نٓك verb

because conj حٓ conj

bed noun ويپ noun (cl.1)

begin unknown ـت suffix

belly noun امٓ noun (cl.1)

1. big adj حيم adj

2. big unknown ـپي suffix

binoculars noun پكة noun (cl.3)

bird noun ناپ noun (cl.3)

bite verb ووح verb

black adj حٓك adj

blind adj كا adj

blood noun لت noun (cl.4)

blow verb كيا verb

bone noun وتو noun (cl.1)

book noun تپ noun (cl.4)

bosom noun (body part) حاحي noun (cl.1)

bottle noun اكٓ noun (cl.1)

box noun وتة noun (cl.1)

boy noun وك noun (cl.2)

break verb لا verb

breast noun حپ noun (cl.1)

breath noun پٓني noun (cl.1)

breathe verb نٓت verb

brick noun پوٓ noun (cl.2)

build verb نيو verb

burn verb آپ verb

but conj تة conj

buy verb ايك verb

call verb تت verb

cat noun مو noun (cl.3)

catch verb كيح verb

cease verb نيم verb

chair noun پاوٓ noun (cl.4)

cheese noun تيل noun (cl.2)

child noun (young human) تت noun (cl.2)

city noun كك noun (cl.3)

cloud noun پوي noun (cl.4)

cold adj كام adj

colour noun حنة noun (cl.4)

colourless adj حول adj

come verb مم verb

COMIT pp حو pp

COMP pp ل pp

confound verb ويل verb

copy verb وٓن verb

correct adj لٓم adj

count verb ويم verb

create verb آت verb

cut verb نٓك verb

daughter noun حح noun (cl.1)

day noun ون noun (cl.2)

dialect noun حوك noun (cl.4)

die verb مل verb

different adj پك adj

dig verb نٓم verb

dirty adj كيك adj

do verb پوو verb

dog noun كن noun (cl.3)

drink verb كك verb

dry adj لو adj

dull adj حيپ adj

dust noun مٓپ noun (cl.4)

dwell verb كٓم verb

ear noun ووم noun (cl.1)

earth noun پم noun (cl.4)

east noun كت noun (cl.3)

eat verb نٓپ verb

egg noun من noun (cl.2)

eight num ك num

embrace noun نپ noun (cl.3)

evolve verb وٓپ verb

eye noun ككة noun (cl.1)

face noun تل noun (cl.1)

faeces noun لٓن noun (cl.4)

fall verb ووپ verb

far adj تيو adj

farmer noun پا noun (cl.3)

fat noun حو noun (cl.4)

father noun نپ noun (cl.2)

fear verb تيپ verb

feather noun حني noun (cl.2)

few adj كٓم adj

1. fight noun الٓ noun (cl.1)

2. fight verb حٓح verb

find verb لٓك verb

fingernail noun نٓوا noun (cl.1)

fire noun لك noun (cl.4)

fish noun واة noun (cl.3)

five num تٓ num

float verb تم verb

flow verb تاو verb

flower noun تل noun (cl.3)

fly verb مٓم verb

fog noun كحو noun (cl.4)

foot noun پا noun (cl.1)

forest noun كما noun (cl.4)

four num تو num

freeze verb كٓو verb

friend noun تكة noun (cl.3)

from pp تي pp

from_above pp نو pp

from_across pp ك pp

from_around pp ل pp

from_behind pp ن pp

from_in_front pp ت pp

from_inside pp لو pp

from_left pp حا pp

from_near pp پ pp

from_next_to pp لا pp

from_outside pp تو pp

from_right pp كٓ pp

from_surface pp نٓ pp

from_under pp نو pp

fruit noun تا noun (cl.2)

full adj مم adj

furious adj كٓپ adj

furiously adv پو adv

girl noun مٓكٓ noun (cl.1)

give verb كٓن verb

God prop پٓت prop (cl.2)

good adj مل adj

grass noun وت noun (cl.4)

green adj آن adj

grind verb حپ verb

guts noun اامي noun (cl.1)

hair noun لال noun (cl.1)

Hala prop حلة prop (cl.2)

hand noun حپٓ noun (cl.1)

happy adj كيل adj

hate verb توپ verb

have verb كت verb

head noun ويحا noun (cl.1)

hear verb تيك verb

heart noun وٓلة noun (cl.1)

heavy adj تن adj

hit verb مت verb

hold verb پٓم verb

horn noun تآ noun (cl.4)

house noun واپ noun (cl.2)

human being noun ناكا noun (cl.3)

hundred num او num

hunt verb حح verb

hunter noun پنٓ noun (cl.2)

husband noun پك noun (cl.2)

ice noun حاة noun (cl.4)

idea noun او noun (cl.4)

in pp نا pp

in_above pp مٓ pp

in_across pp م pp

in_around pp حٓ pp

in_behind pp تي pp

in_in_front pp م pp

in_inside pp وي pp

in_left pp مة pp

in_near pp حٓ pp

in_next_to pp ت pp

in_outside pp ا pp

in_right pp كٓ pp

in_surface pp ن pp

in_under pp وٓ pp

inside noun ناا noun (cl.2)

INSTR pp ح pp

jaguar noun كٓا noun (cl.3)

journey verb آك verb

kill verb حوپ verb

kiss verb حن verb

knee noun تت noun (cl.1)

knife noun ممي noun (cl.2)

know verb حك verb

Kumi prop كم prop (cl.1)

lake noun ممة noun (cl.4)

lamb noun آمة noun (cl.3)

land noun تيل noun (cl.4)

language noun كالي noun (cl.3)

large adj حو adj

laugh verb پك verb

leaf noun لنٓ noun (cl.2)

left adj لٓن adj

leg noun وپ noun (cl.1)

lie verb ليل verb

lion noun كا noun (cl.3)

1. little adj كم adj

2. little unknown ـو suffix

live verb توح verb

liver noun وم noun (cl.1)

long adj كيو adj

louse noun پن noun (cl.3)

love verb لٓن verb

machine noun لول noun (cl.2)

make verb حول verb

Malu prop مال prop (cl.2)

mammal noun مپة noun (cl.3)

man noun پن noun (cl.2)

MANNER pp مو pp

manner noun وپ noun (cl.4)

many adj حوا adj

meat noun پا noun (cl.2)

Mipa noun (language) ميپة noun (cl.3)

money noun ناا noun (cl.4)

moon noun امي noun (cl.4)

Mopi prop مپي prop (cl.2)

mortar noun موٓ noun (cl.1)

mother noun لم noun (cl.1)

mountain noun پاو noun (cl.4)

mouse noun پال noun (cl.3)

mouth noun پوا noun (cl.1)

Nale prop نٓل prop (cl.1)

name noun كوة noun (cl.3)

narrow adj حپ adj

near adj حك adj

neck noun حاة noun (cl.1)

neighbour noun كيل noun (cl.3)

net noun اتة noun (cl.4)

new adj لو adj

night noun حوة noun (cl.2)

nine num حا num

north noun كلي noun (cl.3)

nose noun وكي noun (cl.1)

often adv مو adv

old adj (not young) اك adj

one num كٓ num

or conj حا conj

other adj حات adj

Pao prop پآ prop (cl.2)

pat verb نن verb

penis noun لم noun (cl.1)

people noun لاوٓ noun (cl.3)

perfect adj وك adj

plain noun پن noun (cl.4)

play verb مك verb

pull verb تٓو verb

Pumi prop پم prop (cl.2)

PURP pp تٓ pp

purpose verb ويك verb

push verb حيو verb

rain noun تنو noun (cl.4)

red adj حٓل adj

RELPRON pron ح pron

resemble verb لك verb

right adj مٓل adj

river noun پيپا noun (cl.4)

road noun ات noun (cl.1)

root noun حٓپ noun (cl.3)

rope noun پاح noun (cl.1)

rotten adj مم adj

round adj تٓن adj

rub verb حول verb

salt noun پل noun (cl.2)

sand noun حپ noun (cl.4)

say verb حين verb

scatter verb مٓت verb

scratch verb حوم verb

sea noun وول noun (cl.4)

see verb حن verb

seed noun تٓل noun (cl.3)

seven num لٓ num

sew verb تٓو verb

shape verb حام verb

sharp adj تو adj

she pron مي pron

short adj حو adj

sing verb ون verb

single adj حٓت adj

sit verb نين verb

six num تٓ num

skin noun ايم noun (cl.1)

sky noun حٓپ noun (cl.4)

sleep verb حيك verb

slime noun وپٓ noun (cl.4)

small adj پيم adj

smell verb نل verb

smoke noun ملة noun (cl.4)

smooth adj ال adj

snake noun اكو noun (cl.3)

snow noun ونة noun (cl.4)

some adj نن adj

son noun وين noun (cl.2)

sound noun ام noun (cl.3)

south noun ووٓ noun (cl.3)

speak verb پان verb

speech noun كحو noun (cl.3)

spend_time verb نٓم verb

spit verb وٓل verb

split verb موا verb

squeeze verb آم verb

stab verb حو verb

stand verb ون verb

star noun پٓپ noun (cl.4)

stick noun مول noun (cl.4)

stone noun پم noun (cl.4)

stop unknown ـو suffix

straight adj پيا adj

suck verb لا verb

sun noun كآ noun (cl.4)

surface noun مكا noun (cl.2)

surprise verb لم verb

swell verb حٓو verb

swim verb لپ verb

table noun اووٓ noun (cl.1)

tail noun وت noun (cl.1)

teacher noun پم noun (cl.3)

ten num حٓ num

that det حي det

then conj لو conj

there adv مٓ adv

thick adj نح adj

thin adj ام adj

think verb واو verb

this det پٓ det

thoroughly adv حٓ adv

thousand num حٓ num

three num تي num

throw verb وپ verb

thus conj م conj

tie verb نا verb

tiger noun انا noun (cl.3)

time noun كااا noun (cl.2)

to pp مو pp

to_above pp او pp

to_across pp مي pp

to_around pp پ pp

to_behind pp حو pp

to_in_front pp كٓ pp

to_inside pp ح pp

to_left pp مٓ pp

to_near pp ك pp

to_next_to pp كة pp

to_outside pp ك pp

to_right pp مٓ pp

to_surface pp پٓ pp

to_under pp ت pp

tongue noun نٓك noun (cl.1)

tooth noun حا noun (cl.1)

top noun ممٓ noun (cl.2)

tower noun للة noun (cl.1)

tree noun محٓ noun (cl.1)

turn verb ويت verb

two num ح num

umbrella noun آل noun (cl.4)

understand verb نٓم verb

urine noun كم noun (cl.3)

vagina noun حوٓ noun (cl.1)

vomit verb كٓم verb

walk verb حوو verb

want verb كٓت verb

warm adj كن adj

wash verb مٓا verb

water noun آپ noun (cl.4)

west noun موك noun (cl.3)

wet adj لوك adj

wheat noun تا noun (cl.2)

white adj حٓم adj

whole adj ون adj

wide adj نال adj

wife noun لمٓ noun (cl.1)

wild boar noun كاپٓ noun (cl.3)

wind noun لم noun (cl.4)

wing noun كيل noun (cl.1)

wipe verb لٓك verb

with pp ل pp

withhold verb نيا verb

woman noun نلة noun (cl.1)

worm noun موكي noun (cl.3)

year noun واتو noun (cl.2)

yellow adj كوك adj

yon det كٓ det

Mipa-English Dictionary

ا [ʔe] pp in_outside pp

اامي [ʔaːmeː] noun (cl.1) guts noun

ات [ʔato] noun (cl.1) road noun

اتة [ʔeta] noun (cl.4) net noun

اك [ʔek] adj old adj (not young)

اكو [ʔokoː] noun (cl.3) snake noun

اكٓ [ʔikḛ] noun (cl.1) bottle noun

ال [ʔil] adj smooth adj

الٓ [ʔila̰] noun (cl.1) fight noun

1. ام [ʔim] adj thin adj

2. ام [ʔame] noun (cl.3) sound noun

امي [ʔameː] noun (cl.4) moon noun

امٓ [ʔomo̰] noun (cl.1) belly noun

انا [ʔonaː] noun (cl.3) tiger noun

1. او [ʔewi] noun (cl.4) idea noun

2. او [ʔuː] num hundred num

3. او [ʔuː] pp to_above pp

اووٓ [ʔuːwḛ] noun (cl.1) table noun

ايك [ʔiːk] verb buy verb

ايم [ʔiːme] noun (cl.1) skin noun

آت [ʔa̰t] verb create verb

آك [ʔḭk] verb journey verb

آل [ʔa̰li] noun (cl.4) umbrella noun

آم [ʔḛm] verb squeeze verb

آمة [ʔḭma] noun (cl.3) lamb noun

آن [ʔḭn] adj green adj

1. آپ [ʔa̰pi] noun (cl.4) water noun

2. آپ [ʔṵp] verb burn verb

1. ت [tu] pp from_in_front pp

2. ت [te] pp in_next_to pp

3. ت [to] pp to_under pp

1. تا [tuʔi] noun (cl.2) fruit noun

2. تا [tiʔu] noun (cl.2) wheat noun

تاو [taːw] verb flow verb

تآ [teʔḛ] noun (cl.4) horn noun

تة [ta] conj but conj

1. تت [tatu] noun (cl.2) child noun (young human)

2. تت [titi] noun (cl.1) knee noun

3. تت [tat] verb call verb

تكة [taka] noun (cl.3) friend noun

1. تل [toli] noun (cl.1) face noun

2. تل [tulu] noun (cl.3) flower noun

تم [tum] verb float verb

تن [ton] adj heavy adj

تنو [tenuː] noun (cl.4) rain noun

1. تو [tow] adj sharp adj

2. تو [tuː] num four num

3. تو [toː] pp from_outside pp

توح [tuːh] verb live verb

توپ [tuːp] verb hate verb

1. تي [tiː] num three num

2. تي [teː] pp from pp

3. تي [tiː] pp in_behind pp

تيك [tiːk] verb hear verb

1. تيل [tiːli] noun (cl.2) cheese noun

2. تيل [tiːlu] noun (cl.4) land noun

تيو [tiːw] adj far adj

تيپ [tiːp] verb fear verb

1. تٓ [to̰] num five num

2. تٓ [tḛ] num six num

3. تٓ [tḭ] pp PURP pp

تٓل [tḭle] noun (cl.3) seed noun

تٓن [tḛn] adj round adj

1. تٓو [tḭw] verb pull verb

2. تٓو [tṵw] verb sew verb

تپ [tipu] noun (cl.4) book noun

1. ح [ho] pron RELPRON pron

2. ح [ho] num two num

3. ح [he] pp INSTR pp

4. ح [ho] pp to_inside pp

1. حا [haː] conj or conj

2. حا [hoʔe] noun (cl.1) tooth noun

3. حا [haː] num nine num

4. حا [haː] pp from_left pp

1. حاة [hiʔa] noun (cl.1) neck noun

2. حاة [hoʔa] noun (cl.4) ice noun

حات [haːt] adj other adj

حاحي [haːhiː] noun (cl.1) bosom noun (body part)

حام [haːm] verb shape verb

حة [ha] vpvoice enclitic active

1. حح [hiho] noun (cl.1) daughter noun

2. حح [hih] verb hunt verb

1. حك [huk] adj near adj

2. حك [huk] verb know verb

حلة [hala] prop (cl.2) Hala prop

1. حن [hen] verb kiss verb

2. حن [hun] verb see verb

حنة [huna] noun (cl.4) colour noun

حني [huniː] noun (cl.2) feather noun

1. حو [hew] adj large adj

2. حو [how] adj short adj

3. حو [hawi] noun (cl.4) fat noun

4. حو [huː] pp COMIT pp

5. حو [hew] verb stab verb

6. حو [hoː] pp to_behind pp

حوا [huːʔ] adj many adj

حوة [huwa] noun (cl.2) night noun

حوك [hoːki] noun (cl.4) dialect noun

1. حول [hoːl] adj colourless adj

2. حول [huːl] verb make verb

3. حول [hoːl] verb rub verb

حوم [huːm] verb scratch verb

حوو [huːw] verb walk verb

حوٓ [huwḛ] noun (cl.1) vagina noun

حوپ [huːp] verb kill verb

حي [heː] det that det

حيك [hiːk] verb sleep verb

حيم [heːm] adj big adj

حين [hiːn] verb say verb

حيو [hiːw] verb push verb

حيپ [heːp] adj dull adj

1. حٓ [hḛ] pron 2 pron

2. حٓ [ho̰] adv thoroughly adv

3. حٓ [ha̰] conj because conj

4. حٓ [hḛ] num ten num

5. حٓ [hṵ] num thousand num

6. حٓ [hṵ] pp in_around pp

7. حٓ [ha̰] pp in_near pp

حٓت [hṵt] adj single adj

حٓح [hḛh] verb fight verb

حٓك [ho̰k] adj black adj

حٓل [ha̰l] adj red adj

1. حٓم [hḭm] adj white adj

2. حٓم [hṵm] verb appear verb

حٓو [hḛw] verb swell verb

1. حٓپ [hḭpo] noun (cl.4) sky noun

2. حٓپ [ha̰pe] noun (cl.3) root noun

1. حپ [hep] adj narrow adj

2. حپ [hupi] noun (cl.1) breast noun

3. حپ [hipo] noun (cl.4) sand noun

4. حپ [hop] verb grind verb

حپٓ [hipḭ] noun (cl.1) hand noun

1. ـ [-e] adjcase suffix DAT

2. ـ [-o] adjcase suffix INS

3. ـ [-i] adjcase suffix LOC

1. ـا [-aː] adjcase suffix VOC

2. ـا [-aː] verbmode suffix indicative

ـة [-a] adjcase suffix PART

1. ـت [-ti] detgender suffix cl.1

2. ـت [-to] detgender suffix cl.2

3. ـت [-et] suffix begin unknown

1. ـتو [-toː] noundef suffix def

2. ـتو [-toː] numcase suffix PART

ـتي [-tiː] detcase suffix ALL

ـح [-hi] numcase suffix ABL

1. ـحو [-huː] numcase suffix DAT

2. ـحو [-huː] detcase suffix LOC

1. ـحٓ [-hḭ] noundef suffix not.def

2. ـحٓ [-hṵ] numcase suffix VOC

1. ـك [-ki] detcase suffix DAT

2. ـك [-ke] detgender suffix cl.3

3. ـك [-ko] detgender suffix cl.4

ـكا [-kaː] detcase suffix GEN

ـكو [-koː] detcase suffix ABL

ـكٓ [-ka̰] detcase suffix INS

1. ـل [-lo] numcase suffix ACT

2. ـل [-lu] detcase suffix PART

ـلي [-leː] numcase suffix ALL

1. ـم [-mi] numcase suffix INS

2. ـم [-me] verbquestion suffix not.Q

ـمو [-muː] numcase suffix LOC

ـمٓ [-mo̰] detcase suffix ACT

1. ـن [-ne] numcase suffix STA

2. ـن [-nu] detcase suffix STA

3. ـن [-ni] detcase suffix VOC

1. ـو [-oː] adjcase suffix GEN

2. ـو [-uː] verbmode suffix optative

3. ـو [-ew] suffix stop unknown

4. ـو [-wi] suffix little unknown

ـوي [-weː] verbquestion suffix Q

ـي [-eː] adjcase suffix STA

1. ـٓ [-ḭ] adjcase suffix ACT

2. ـٓ [-a̰] adjcase suffix ALL

3. ـٓ [-o̰] adjcase suffix ABL

4. ـٓ [-ḛ] verbmode suffix imperative

5. ـٓ [-a̰] verbmode suffix conditional

ـپي [-peː] suffix big unknown

ـپٓ [-pṵ] numcase suffix GEN

1. ك [ku] pron 1excl pron

2. ك [ko] adv always adv

3. ك [ki] num eight num

4. ك [ko] pp from_across pp

5. ك [ki] pp to_near pp

6. ك [ku] pp to_outside pp

1. كا [kuʔ] adj blind adj

2. كا [kuʔo] noun (cl.3) lion noun

كااا [kaːʔaː] noun (cl.2) time noun

كالي [kaːleː] noun (cl.3) language noun

كام [kaːm] adj cold adj

كآ [kuʔḭ] noun (cl.4) sun noun

كاپٓ [kaːpo̰] noun (cl.3) wild boar noun

كة [ka] pp to_next_to pp

1. كت [kite] noun (cl.3) east noun

2. كت [kut] verb have verb

1. كحو [kihoː] noun (cl.3) speech noun

2. كحو [kehoː] noun (cl.4) fog noun

1. كك [kaku] noun (cl.3) city noun

2. كك [kik] verb drink verb

ككة [kaka] noun (cl.1) eye noun

كلي [kuliː] noun (cl.3) north noun

1. كم [kem] adj little adj

2. كم [kumi] prop (cl.1) Kumi prop

3. كم [keme] noun (cl.3) urine noun

كما [kamaː] noun (cl.4) forest noun

1. كن [kun] adj warm adj

2. كن [kunu] noun (cl.3) dog noun

3. كن [kini] noun (cl.2) apple noun

كوة [kawa] noun (cl.3) name noun

كوك [kuːk] adj yellow adj

كي [keː] pron 1incl pron

كيا [kiːʔ] verb blow verb

كيح [kiːh] verb catch verb

كيك [keːk] adj dirty adj

1. كيل [kiːl] adj happy adj

2. كيل [kiːlo] noun (cl.3) neighbour noun

3. كيل [kiːli] noun (cl.1) wing noun

كيو [kiːw] adj long adj

1. كٓ [kḭ] pron 3.cl.3 pron

2. كٓ [kḭ] det yon det

3. كٓ [kḭ] num one num

4. كٓ [kḛ] pp to_in_front pp

5. كٓ [kṵ] pp from_right pp

6. كٓ [ko̰] pp in_right pp

كٓا [ko̰ʔo] noun (cl.3) jaguar noun

كٓت [kḛt] verb want verb

1. كٓم [kḭm] adj few adj

2. كٓم [ka̰m] verb vomit verb

3. كٓم [kṵm] verb dwell verb

كٓن [kḭn] verb give verb

كٓو [ko̰w] verb freeze verb

كٓپ [kḭp] adj furious adj

1. ل [lo] pp COMP pp

2. ل [li] pp with pp

3. ل [le] pp from_around pp

4. ل [lo] vpta enclitic PRES

1. لا [liʔ] verb break verb

2. لا [leʔ] verb suck verb

3. لا [laː] pp from_next_to pp

لال [laːli] noun (cl.1) hair noun

لاوٓ [laːwḛ] noun (cl.3) people noun

لت [loto] noun (cl.4) blood noun

1. لك [luki] noun (cl.4) fire noun

2. لك [lok] verb resemble verb

للة [lila] noun (cl.1) tower noun

1. لم [lume] noun (cl.1) mother noun

2. لم [lime] noun (cl.1) penis noun

3. لم [lamu] noun (cl.4) wind noun

4. لم [lom] verb surprise verb

لمٓ [lama̰] noun (cl.1) wife noun

لنٓ [lunḛ] noun (cl.2) leaf noun

1. لو [low] adj dry adj

2. لو [liw] adj new adj

3. لو [luː] conj then conj

4. لو [luː] pp from_inside pp

5. لو [luː] vpnegation enclitic NEG

لوك [luːk] adj wet adj

لول [luːle] noun (cl.2) machine noun

لون [loːn] verb arise verb

لي [leː] vpta enclitic PAST

ليل [liːl] verb lie verb

1. لٓ [lḛ] pron 3.cl.2 pron

2. لٓ [lḭ] conj and conj

3. لٓ [lḭ] num seven num

4. لٓ [la̰] vpvoice enclitic passive

1. لٓك [lḭk] verb find verb

2. لٓك [lo̰k] verb wipe verb

لٓم [lṵm] adj correct adj

1. لٓن [lṵn] adj left adj

2. لٓن [lo̰ni] noun (cl.4) faeces noun

3. لٓن [lḭn] verb love verb

لپ [lip] verb swim verb

1. م [me] conj thus conj

2. م [mi] pp in_across pp

3. م [me] pp in_in_front pp

4. م [me] vpnegation enclitic POS

مال [maːlu] prop (cl.2) Malu prop

مة [ma] pp in_left pp

مت [met] verb hit verb

محٓ [mihḛ] noun (cl.1) tree noun

1. مك [mek] adj bad adj

2. مك [mak] verb play verb

مكا [mikaː] noun (cl.2) surface noun

1. مل [mel] adj good adj

2. مل [mel] verb die verb

ملة [mala] noun (cl.4) smoke noun

1. مم [mim] adj full adj

2. مم [mom] adj rotten adj

3. مم [mum] verb come verb

ممة [mima] noun (cl.4) lake noun

ممي [memeː] noun (cl.2) knife noun

ممٓ [memḛ] noun (cl.2) top noun

من [minu] noun (cl.2) egg noun

1. مو [muː] adv often adv

2. مو [miwo] noun (cl.3) cat noun

3. مو [mawe] noun (cl.1) back noun (body part)

4. مو [muː] pp MANNER pp

5. مو [moː] pp to pp

موا [moːʔ] verb split verb

موك [moːko] noun (cl.3) west noun

موكي [muːkeː] noun (cl.3) worm noun

مول [muːlu] noun (cl.4) stick noun

موٓ [miwa̰] noun (cl.1) mortar noun

1. مي [miː] pron she pron

2. مي [miː] pp to_across pp

ميپة [miːpa] noun (cl.3) Mipa noun (language)

1. مٓ [ma̰] pron 3.cl.4 pron

2. مٓ [mḛ] adv there adv

3. مٓ [mṵ] pp in_above pp

4. مٓ [mo̰] pp to_left pp

5. مٓ [ma̰] pp to_right pp

مٓا [mḭʔ] verb wash verb

مٓت [mḭt] verb scatter verb

مٓكٓ [mḭkḛ] noun (cl.1) girl noun

مٓل [mṵl] adj right adj

مٓم [ma̰m] verb fly verb

مٓپ [ma̰pe] noun (cl.4) dust noun

مپة [mapa] noun (cl.3) mammal noun

مپي [mopiː] prop (cl.2) Mopi prop

1. ن [nu] pp from_behind pp

2. ن [ne] pp in_surface pp

1. نا [naː] pp in pp

2. نا [neʔ] verb tie verb

1. ناا [naːʔo] noun (cl.2) inside noun

2. ناا [niʔaː] noun (cl.4) money noun

ناكا [naːkaː] noun (cl.3) human being noun

نال [naːl] adj wide adj

ناپ [naːpu] noun (cl.3) bird noun

نح [noh] adj thick adj

نل [nol] verb smell verb

نلة [nila] noun (cl.1) woman noun

1. نن [nun] adj some adj

2. نن [non] verb pat verb

1. نو [nowo] noun (cl.3) animal noun

2. نو [nuː] pp from_above pp

3. نو [noː] pp from_under pp

نيا [niːʔ] verb withhold verb

نيم [neːm] verb cease verb

نين [neːn] verb sit verb

نيو [neːw] verb build verb

نٓ [nṵ] pp from_surface pp

نٓت [nḛt] verb breathe verb

1. نٓك [na̰ki] noun (cl.1) tongue noun

2. نٓك [nḛk] verb be verb

3. نٓك [nṵk] verb cut verb

نٓل [na̰le] prop (cl.1) Nale prop

1. نٓم [nḛm] verb dig verb

2. نٓم [nṵm] verb spend_time verb

3. نٓم [na̰m] verb understand verb

نٓوا [no̰waː] noun (cl.1) fingernail noun

نٓپ [nḛp] verb eat verb

1. نپ [nepo] noun (cl.3) embrace noun

2. نپ [napo] noun (cl.2) father noun

نپٓ [nopa̰] noun (cl.4) ash noun

واة [woʔa] noun (cl.3) fish noun

واتو [waːtuː] noun (cl.2) year noun

واو [waːw] verb think verb

واپ [waːpe] noun (cl.2) house noun

1. وت [woti] noun (cl.1) tail noun

2. وت [wato] noun (cl.4) grass noun

وتة [wata] noun (cl.1) box noun

وتو [watoː] noun (cl.1) bone noun

1. وك [wek] adj perfect adj

2. وك [wako] noun (cl.2) boy noun

وكي [wokeː] noun (cl.1) nose noun

وم [wimo] noun (cl.1) liver noun

1. ون [win] adj whole adj

2. ون [wono] noun (cl.2) day noun

3. ون [wan] verb sing verb

4. ون [wen] verb stand verb

ونة [wena] noun (cl.4) snow noun

وو [wiw] adj all adj

ووح [woːh] verb bite verb

وول [woːlu] noun (cl.4) sea noun

ووم [woːmi] noun (cl.1) ear noun

ووٓ [wawa̰] noun (cl.3) south noun

ووپ [woːp] verb fall verb

وي [wiː] pp in_inside pp

ويت [weːt] verb turn verb

ويحا [wiːhaː] noun (cl.1) head noun

ويك [weːk] verb purpose verb

ويل [wiːl] verb confound verb

ويم [weːm] verb count verb

وين [weːni] noun (cl.2) son noun

ويپ [wiːpo] noun (cl.1) bed noun

وٓ [wḭ] pp in_under pp

وٓل [wḭl] verb spit verb

وٓلة [wḛla] noun (cl.1) heart noun

وٓن [wḭn] verb copy verb

وٓپ [wḭp] verb evolve verb

1. وپ [wopi] noun (cl.4) manner noun

2. وپ [wopu] noun (cl.1) leg noun

3. وپ [wapi] noun (cl.1) anus noun

4. وپ [wip] verb throw verb

وپٓ [wepo̰] noun (cl.4) slime noun

1. پ [pe] pp to_around pp

2. پ [pu] pp from_near pp

1. پا [piʔi] noun (cl.3) farmer noun

2. پا [puʔi] noun (cl.1) foot noun

3. پا [poʔu] noun (cl.2) meat noun

پاح [paːhe] noun (cl.1) rope noun

پال [paːlu] noun (cl.3) mouse noun

پان [paːn] verb speak verb

پاو [paːwo] noun (cl.4) mountain noun

پاوٓ [paːwa̰] noun (cl.4) chair noun

پآ [paʔo̰] prop (cl.2) Pao prop

پح [pahu] noun (cl.4) bark noun (on tree)

1. پك [puk] adj different adj

2. پك [peko] noun (cl.2) husband noun

3. پك [pik] verb laugh verb

پكة [puka] noun (cl.3) binoculars noun

پل [polo] noun (cl.2) salt noun

1. پم [pimi] noun (cl.3) teacher noun

2. پم [pamu] noun (cl.4) stone noun

3. پم [pomi] noun (cl.4) earth noun

4. پم [pumi] prop (cl.2) Pumi prop

1. پن [pino] noun (cl.3) louse noun

2. پن [peno] noun (cl.2) man noun

3. پن [penu] noun (cl.4) plain noun

پنٓ [puna̰] noun (cl.2) hunter noun

1. پو [poː] pron 3.cl.1 pron

2. پو [poː] adv furiously adv

پوا [pawaː] noun (cl.1) mouth noun

پوو [poːw] verb do verb

پوي [powiː] noun (cl.4) cloud noun

پوٓ [pawḭ] noun (cl.2) brick noun

پيا [peːʔ] adj straight adj

پيم [peːm] adj small adj

پيپا [piːpaː] noun (cl.4) river noun

1. پٓ [pa̰] det this det

2. پٓ [pḛ] pp to_surface pp

پٓت [pa̰te] prop (cl.2) God prop

پٓم [po̰m] verb hold verb

پٓني [pa̰neː] noun (cl.1) breath noun

پٓپ [pa̰pe] noun (cl.4) star noun