The Lu Language

Grammar, Texts and Dictionary

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Generated by the Language Creator on 25th May 2026

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/3HQF4

Grammar

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Lu language (the 177th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Lu.

Typological Profile

It has postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Lu has 25 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a substantial inventory of palatal or palatalised consonants, a wide range of approximant contrasts, a strongly reduced sibilant system, a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions and a notably rich liquid inventory.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Lu. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labial	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	velar	glottal
stop	p b	d t	c ɟ	k ɡ
nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap	ɾ
fricative	f	s z	h
approximant	w	ʎ	j
affricate	t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ

Vowels

Lu has 9 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables and front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin).

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Lu. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

front unrounded	front rounded	central	back
close	i	y	u
mid	e	ø	o
open	a

Stress and Tones

Lu has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/, /o/ becomes /ø/.

Writing System

Introduction

Lu is an unwritten language. For that reason, all examples in this grammar are given exclusively in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which offers a precise and widely recognised means of recording its sounds.

Orthography

Luis an unwritten language, so it does not make any sense to discuss its orthography.

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Lu does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Lu does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Lu can be exemplified by the following example:

[ˈhiperuː ˈʎeʎiːruː ɡaːˈjau ˈʎawi ˈna ˈt͡ʃot͡ɕat͡ɕu ɲaˈzyːɲymuː ˈkeː naː]	(1)

ˈhip	-e	-r	-uː	ˈʎeʎ	-iː	-r	-uː	ɡaːˈjau
woman	NOM	sing	def	knife	LOC	sing	def	COMIT

ˈʎa	-wi	ˈna	ˈt͡ʃot͡ɕa	-t͡ɕu	ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-m	-uː
yon	ACC	three	blind	ACC	mouse	ACC	plur	def

ˈkeː	naː
catch	PAST

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Lu consists of first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -e ‘NOM’, -u ‘ACC’, -oː ‘GEN’, -aː ‘DAT’, -i ‘INS’, -o ‘VOC’, -a ‘ALL’, -iː ‘LOC’, -uː ‘ABL’ and -eː ‘PART’; third, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -r ‘sing’ and -m ‘plur’; and finally, fourth, an obligatory suffix expressing def, comprising -eː ‘not.def’ and -uː ‘def’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 11 suffixes, namely -uz ‘little’, -at͡ɕ ‘big’, -eːf ‘old’, -ib ‘new’, -un ‘good’, -ot͡ʃ ‘bad’, -aɾoː ‘have’, -ara ‘use’, -iɟe ‘see’, -aːde ‘make’ and -aːze ‘break’

The Adjective

In Lu, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -t͡ɕu ‘ACC’, -caː ‘GEN’, -me ‘DAT’, -ni ‘INS’, -muː ‘VOC’, -mo ‘ALL’, -ɡe ‘LOC’, -maː ‘ABL’ and -suː ‘PART’.

Numerals

The numeral in Lu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Lu, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -wi ‘ACC’, -nu ‘GEN’, -ju ‘DAT’, -di ‘INS’, -daː ‘VOC’, -be ‘ALL’, -waː ‘LOC’, -muː ‘ABL’ and -cu ‘PART’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Lu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Lu, both subject and object pronouns are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

[ˈt͡ʃa]	(2)

ˈt͡ʃa
love

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:

[ˈha ˈt͡ʃa]	(3)

ˈha	ˈt͡ʃa
3.sing	love

“He loves her.”

And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:

[ˈha ˈt͡ʃa]	(4)

ˈha	ˈt͡ʃa
3.sing	love

“He loves her.”

Proper Nouns

[ɡaˈceleruː t͡ɕaˈhiɡuruː syˈʎy]	(5)

ɡaˈcel	-e	-r	-uː	t͡ɕaˈhiɡ	-u	-r	-uː	syˈʎy
Gachel	NOM	sing	def	Chahig	ACC	sing	def	hate

“Gachel hates Chahig.”

Possession

[ˈbaːnoːruː ɟuːˈmiːɾeruː]	(6)

ˈbaːn	-oː	-r	-uː	ɟuːˈmiːɾ	-e	-r	-uː
boy	GEN	sing	def	apple	NOM	sing	def

“the boy’s apple”

[ˈha ɟuːˈmiːɾeruː]	(7)

ˈha	ɟuːˈmiːɾ	-e	-r	-uː
3.sing	apple	NOM	sing	def

“his (the boy’s) apple”

[ˈju ɟuːˈmiːɾeruː]	(8)

ˈju	ɟuːˈmiːɾ	-e	-r	-uː
1excl.sing	apple	NOM	sing	def

“my apple”

[ɲuˈpaːjoːruː ˈjoperuː ˈjai daˈmewoːruː ˈpit͡ɕuruː diˈta naː]	(9)

ɲuˈpaːj	-oː	-r	-uː	ˈjop	-e	-r	-uː	ˈjai
hunter	GEN	sing	def	daughter	NOM	sing	def	2.sing

daˈmew	-oː	-r	-uː	ˈpit͡ɕ	-u	-r	-uː	diˈta
neighbour	GEN	sing	def	son	ACC	sing	def	kiss

naː
PAST

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

Derivation

[ˈjeː kuˈɟeɾereː]	(10)

ˈjeː	kuˈɟeɾ	-e	-r	-eː
a	lamb	NOM	sing	not.def

“a lamb”

[ˈjeː kuˈɟeɾuzereː]	(11)

ˈjeː	kuˈɟeɾ	-uz	-e	-r	-eː
a	lamb	little	NOM	sing	not.def

“a little lamb”

[ˈjeːwi kuˈɟeɾuzureː ˈt͡ʃai naː]	(12)

ˈjeː	-wi	kuˈɟeɾ	-uz	-u	-r	-eː	ˈt͡ʃai	naː
a	ACC	lamb	little	ACC	sing	not.def	have	PAST

“She had a little lamb.”

This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:

[ˈjeːwi nait͡ɕu kuˈɟeɾureː ˈt͡ʃa naː]	(13)

ˈjeː	-wi	nai	-t͡ɕu	kuˈɟeɾ	-u	-r	-eː	ˈt͡ʃa
a	ACC	black	ACC	lamb	ACC	sing	not.def	love

naː
PAST

“She loved a black lamb.”

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Lu are enclitics (placed finally), and there are four types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising naː ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising deː ‘imperative’, liː ‘conditional’ and lo ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising liː ‘passive’; and finally, fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising fo ‘NEG’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five suffixes, namely -da ‘begin’, -nu ‘stop’, -su ‘continue’, -ɾo ‘try’ and -ɲe ‘start’

[ˈt͡ʃa]	(14)

ˈt͡ʃa
love

“I love you.”

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

[ˈnareruː ˈɡyːɟeruː ˈsy]	(15)

ˈnar	-e	-r	-uː	ˈɡyːɟ	-e	-r	-uː	ˈsy
table	NOM	sing	def	surface	NOM	sing	def	in

“on the table”

[kiːˈʎyt͡ɕeruː ˈɡiːɲeruː ˈɟø]	(16)

kiːˈʎyt͡ɕ	-e	-r	-uː	ˈɡiːɲ	-e	-r	-uː	ˈɟø
box	NOM	sing	def	inside	NOM	sing	def	to

“into the box”

[ˈju ɡaːˈjau]	(17)

ˈju	ɡaːˈjau
1excl.sing	COMIT

“with me”

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Lu has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Lu.

[kuˈlaːkeruː ɲuˈpaːjuruː ˈwøː naː]	(18)

kuˈlaːk	-e	-r	-uː	ɲuˈpaːj	-u	-r	-uː	ˈwøː
jaguar	NOM	sing	def	hunter	ACC	sing	def	kill

naː
PAST

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

[kaˈɡøferuː ɲuˈpaːjoːruː ˈjopoːruː ˈmyryruː ˈru naː]	(19)

kaˈɡøf	-e	-r	-uː	ɲuˈpaːj	-oː	-r	-uː	ˈjop
lion	NOM	sing	def	hunter	GEN	sing	def	daughter

-oː	-r	-uː	ˈmyr	-y	-r	-uː	ˈru	naː
GEN	sing	def	dog	ACC	sing	def	eat	PAST

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Lu reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Lu expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

[ˈjai ˈpit͡ɕoːruː ˈbuːŋoːruː liːbeːreruː]	(20)

ˈjai	ˈpit͡ɕ	-oː	-r	-uː	ˈbuːŋ	-oː	-r	-uː
2.sing	son	GEN	sing	def	friend	GEN	sing	def

liːbeːr	-e	-r	-uː
book	NOM	sing	def

“your son’s friend’s book”

Case Marking

Lu uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

[ˈniːkeruː ˈtu]	(21)

ˈniːk	-e	-r	-uː	ˈtu
cat	NOM	sing	def	sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

[ˈniːkeruː ˈpø]	(22)

ˈniːk	-e	-r	-uː	ˈpø
cat	NOM	sing	def	run

“The cat is running.”

[ˈniːkeruː ɲaˈzyːɲyruː ciˈza]	(23)

ˈniːk	-e	-r	-uː	ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-r	-uː	ciˈza
cat	NOM	sing	def	mouse	ACC	sing	def	chase

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

[ˈniːkeruː ɲaˈzyːɲyruː ˈkeː naː]	(24)

ˈniːk	-e	-r	-uː	ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-r	-uː	ˈkeː
cat	NOM	sing	def	mouse	ACC	sing	def	catch

naː
PAST

“The cat caught the mouse.”

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

[ɲuˈpaːjeruː kuˈlaːkumuː ˈɡau raˈt͡ɕaʎumuː ˈɡau kaˈɡøfymuː ˈwøː naː]	(25)

ɲuˈpaːj	-e	-r	-uː	kuˈlaːk	-u	-m	-uː	ˈɡau
hunter	NOM	sing	def	jaguar	ACC	plur	def	and

raˈt͡ɕaʎ	-u	-m	-uː	ˈɡau	kaˈɡøf	-y	-m	-uː
tiger	ACC	plur	def	and	lion	ACC	plur	def

ˈwøː	naː
kill	PAST

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Lu provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Lu forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

[ˈniːkuruː ɲaˈfau naː]	(26)

ˈniːk	-u	-r	-uː	ɲaˈfau	naː
cat	ACC	sing	def	pat	PAST

“I patted the cat.”

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

[ɲaˈzyːɲyruː ˈkeː naː ˈniːkuruː ɲaˈfau naː]	(27)

ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-r	-uː	ˈkeː	naː	ˈniːk	-u	-r
mouse	ACC	sing	def	catch	PAST	cat	ACC	sing

-uː	ɲaˈfau	naː
def	pat	PAST

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

[saːˈɡøɟyruː ˈru naː ɲaˈzyːɲyruː ˈkeː naː ˈniːkuruː ɲaˈfau naː]	(28)

saːˈɡøɟ	-y	-r	-uː	ˈru	naː	ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-r
cheese	ACC	sing	def	eat	PAST	mouse	ACC	sing

-uː	ˈkeː	naː	ˈniːk	-u	-r	-uː	ɲaˈfau	naː
def	catch	PAST	cat	ACC	sing	def	pat	PAST

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

[ˈju ˈʎi naː saːˈɡøɟyruː ˈru naː ɲaˈzyːɲyruː ˈkeː naː ˈniːkuruː ɲaˈfau naː]	(29)

ˈju	ˈʎi	naː	saːˈɡøɟ	-y	-r	-uː	ˈru	naː
1excl.sing	buy	PAST	cheese	ACC	sing	def	eat	PAST

ɲaˈzyːɲ	-y	-r	-uː	ˈkeː	naː	ˈniːk	-u	-r
mouse	ACC	sing	def	catch	PAST	cat	ACC	sing

-uː	ɲaˈfau	naː
def	pat	PAST

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

Complementation Strategies

Lu forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

[ˈbaːneruː ˈʎuɾaːruː ˈjeːwi ɟuːˈmiːɾureː ˈro naː ɡiːteːraːruː niˈɡa naː]	(30)

ˈbaːn	-e	-r	-uː	ˈʎuɾ	-aː	-r	-uː	ˈjeː
boy	NOM	sing	def	girl	DAT	sing	def	a

-wi	ɟuːˈmiːɾ	-u	-r	-eː	ˈro	naː	ɡiːteːr	-aː
ACC	apple	ACC	sing	not.def	give	PAST	teacher	DAT

-r	-uː	niˈɡa	naː
sing	def	surprise	PAST

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

Quotes

Lu employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

[ˈbaːneruː ˈʎuɾaːruː ˈju ˈjai ˈt͡ʃa ˈzy naː]	(31)

ˈbaːn	-e	-r	-uː	ˈʎuɾ	-aː	-r	-uː	ˈju
boy	NOM	sing	def	girl	DAT	sing	def	1excl.sing

ˈjai	ˈt͡ʃa	ˈzy	naː
2.sing	love	tell	PAST

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

Texts

The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)

T͡ʃaiˈ naː t͡ʃø zøˈsemuː sy ɾaˈjeruː ɡyːˈɟeruː syˈ kiˈ poˈtereː ɡauˈ kiˈ tibeˈhereː. Beːɡeˈ naː fyːˈ neˈt͡ʃeruː ɡiːˈɲeruː ɟiːˈ, ɡauˈ coˈ naː fyːˈ jeːˈ loːˈre ɲasaˈŋereː jeːˈ kyˈʎereː ɡiːˈɲeruː syˈ, naceˈ wipyːˈ naː fyːˈ hoˈ. Ɡoˈ naː fyːˈ kyːˈ ɲiːdaˈwaːde deː ɡauˈ kyːˈ ɲiːdaˈwumeː t͡ʃauˈ deː citiˈ. T͡ʃaiˈ naː fyːˈ ɲiːdaˈwereː haiˈɾiːreː wawiˈ, ɡauˈ t͡ʃaiˈ naː fyːˈ sireˈnereː søpøːˈɟiːreː wawiˈ.

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.

A Creation Myth

Hot͡ɕiˈ fo kyːˈ ne zøˈsemeː. Lemaːˈ naː ɲeˈbereː ɡauˈ caˈfereː fyːˈ poˈtemuː. Ziraiˈ naː fyːˈ tøːnøˈrøːmeː ɡauˈ wøːˈŋøːmeː joːˈɲemuː. Caiˈ wøɡyˈ naː kyːˈ poˈteruː jyˈ luˈʎeruː jeːˈ liːˈma kiˈkereː ɡiːˈɲeruː syˈ. Rodoˈ naː haˈ sy ɡauˈ ɲecuˈt͡ʃa jeːˈ deːˈɡa feːløˈpereː ɡiːˈɲeruː syˈ. Faŋaiˈ naː fo kyːˈ poˈteruː, desauˈ naː haˈ.

We are not like other people. Their languages were shaped by struggle and time. They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that. But our language arose in a different way. It was born whole and perfect in a single breath. Our language did not evolve; it was created.

English-Lu Dictionary

1excl.plur pron cyːˈ pron

1excl.sing pron juˈ pron

1incl.plur pron kyːˈ pron

1incl.sing pron caˈ pron

2.plur pron ɡøːˈ pron

2.sing pron jaiˈ pron

3.plur pron fyːˈ pron

3.sing pron haˈ pron

a det jeːˈ det

all adj t͡ʃø adj

always adv muˈ adv

and conj ɡauˈ conj

animal noun ʎoˈd noun

anus noun reŋeˈr noun

appear verb rodoˈ verb

apple noun ɟuːmiːˈɾ noun

arise verb woɡyˈ verb

ash noun ʎorøˈl noun

back noun (body part) caˈn noun

1. bad adj wo adj

2. bad unknown -ot͡ʃ suffix

bank noun ɡaɡiˈz noun

bark noun (on tree) hejeːˈw noun

be verb jyˈ verb

because conj kauˈ conj

bed noun koˈb noun

begin unknown -da suffix

belly noun ceːdaiˈɡ noun

1. big adj kau adj

2. big unknown -at͡ɕ suffix

binoculars noun ʎaŋaˈɲ noun

bird noun wøːˈŋ noun

bite verb kuːˈ verb

black adj nai adj

blind adj t͡ʃoˈt͡ɕa adj

blood noun coˈz noun

blow verb ɲiːŋaˈ verb

bone noun bauˈb noun

book noun liːbeːr noun

bosom noun (body part) jeɲauˈc noun

bottle noun t͡ɕiːdøˈm noun

box noun kiːʎyˈt͡ɕ noun

boy noun baːˈn noun

1. break verb cyˈ verb

2. break unknown -aːze suffix

breast noun net͡ʃaˈz noun

breath noun feːløˈp noun

breathe verb kyˈ verb

brick noun ɲiːdaˈw noun

build verb ŋuˈ verb

burn verb t͡ʃauˈ verb

but conj caiˈ conj

buy verb ʎiˈ verb

call verb t͡ɕeˈ verb

cat noun niːˈk noun

catch verb keːˈ verb

cease verb beɡaˈ verb

Chahig prop T͡ɕahiˈɡ prop

chair noun ceˈl noun

chase verb cizaˈ verb

cheese noun saːɡøˈɟ noun

child noun (young human) ɲiːˈɟ noun

city noun waːˈn noun

cloud noun feʎuˈc noun

cold adj ɡøːˈno adj

colour noun kaːˈŋ noun

colourless adj t͡ɕeːraˈŋoː adj

come verb jauˈ verb

COMIT pp ɡaːjauˈ pp

COMP pp tifaˈ pp

confound verb ʎaceˈ verb

continue unknown -su suffix

copy verb ziraiˈ verb

correct adj saiˈja adj

count verb ɲeˈ verb

court noun ɟezaˈt͡ʃ noun

create verb desauˈ verb

cut verb kaˈ verb

daughter noun joˈp noun

day noun ɲeˈc noun

dialect noun tibeˈh noun

die verb t͡ʃoˈ verb

different adj liːˈma adj

dig verb ɟuʎeˈ verb

dirty adj haˈŋe adj

do verb nøːˈ verb

dog noun myˈr noun

drink verb t͡ʃøˈ verb

dry adj faˈsoː adj

dull adj laɟeˈcaː adj

dust noun puːkiːˈd noun

dwell verb wipyːˈ verb

ear noun hyˈt͡ɕ noun

earth noun ɾaˈj noun

east noun neˈt͡ʃ noun

eat verb ruˈ verb

egg noun ʎiˈc noun

eight num cadyˈ num

embrace noun nucoˈɟ noun

evolve verb faŋaiˈ verb

eye noun ɲauˈʎ noun

face noun huːˈj noun

faeces noun ɡiɟuˈl noun

Falay prop Falaˈj prop

fall verb pyˈ verb

far adj ɡa adj

farmer noun ʎopiˈl noun

fat noun ɲitaːˈd noun

father noun baˈf noun

fear verb koːˈ verb

feather noun nibauˈl noun

Fengam prop Feːŋaˈm prop

few adj wøː adj

1. fight noun ɲeˈb noun

2. fight verb seˈ verb

find verb coˈ verb

fingernail noun mit͡ɕaˈɟ noun

fire noun ruːˈb noun

fish noun piˈw noun

five num t͡ɕiˈ num

float verb deːzøˈ verb

flow verb ʎit͡ɕiˈ verb

flower noun jaʎaːˈt͡ɕ noun

fly verb ɟeˈ verb

fog noun wabiːˈʎ noun

foot noun zøˈt͡ʃ noun

forest noun bikoˈj noun

four num feˈ num

freeze verb saːdiˈ verb

friend noun buːˈŋ noun

from pp ɟiːˈ pp

from_above pp nøˈ pp

from_across pp hiˈ pp

from_around pp huːˈ pp

from_behind pp zyːˈ pp

from_in_front pp woːˈ pp

from_inside pp paˈ pp

from_left pp luˈ pp

from_near pp doˈ pp

from_next_to pp fyˈ pp

from_outside pp ɡaˈ pp

from_right pp wyːˈ pp

from_surface pp cyːˈ pp

from_under pp biːˈ pp

fruit noun weˈf noun

full adj t͡ɕeːˈda adj

furious adj t͡ʃadauˈɟe adj

furiously adv deˈ adv

Gachel prop Ɡaceˈl prop

girl noun ʎuˈɾ noun

give verb roˈ verb

God prop Likiːˈn prop

1. good adj zaː adj

2. good unknown -un suffix

grass noun nujyˈp noun

green adj fyˈnaː adj

grind verb ŋojaːˈ verb

guts noun bifeːˈʎ noun

hair noun bauˈɟ noun

hand noun miˈɡ noun

happy adj ɲaˈɾi adj

hate verb suʎyˈ verb

1. have verb t͡ʃaiˈ verb

2. have unknown -aɾoː suffix

head noun haˈw noun

hear verb bøˈ verb

heart noun t͡ʃoˈt͡ʃ noun

heavy adj ɲoːˈniː adj

hit verb t͡ʃuːˈ verb

hold verb nuːˈ verb

horn noun t͡ʃit͡ɕaiˈɟ noun

house noun baiˈɡ noun

human being noun zøˈs noun

hundred num ɡiteːˈ num

hunt verb leːdeːˈ verb

hunter noun ɲupaːˈj noun

husband noun ceːˈɾ noun

ice noun joːtuˈŋ noun

idea noun t͡ɕoːˈs noun

in pp syˈ pp

in_above pp diˈ pp

in_across pp ɡiˈ pp

in_around pp suˈ pp

in_behind pp cuːˈ pp

in_in_front pp laˈ pp

in_inside pp foˈ pp

in_left pp ryːˈ pp

in_near pp daːˈ pp

in_next_to pp naˈ pp

in_outside pp daiˈ pp

in_right pp pyˈ pp

in_surface pp hyːˈ pp

in_under pp ɲuˈ pp

inside noun ɡiːˈɲ noun

INSTR pp sufaːˈ pp

jaguar noun kulaːˈk noun

Jipun prop ɟipuːˈn prop

journey verb beːɡeˈ verb

kill verb wøːˈ verb

kiss verb ditaˈ verb

knee noun ŋikoˈt͡ʃ noun

knife noun ʎeˈʎ noun

know verb t͡ʃeˈ verb

Kuchuy prop Kut͡ʃuˈj prop

lake noun paːkuˈr noun

lamb noun kuɟeˈɾ noun

land noun kyˈʎ noun

language noun poˈt noun

large adj zaˈɟa adj

laugh verb baiˈ verb

leaf noun ruːˈm noun

left adj faː adj

leg noun hyˈw noun

library noun faːʎoˈt͡ɕ noun

lie verb ɡeˈ verb

lion noun kaɡøˈf noun

1. little adj li adj

2. little unknown -uz suffix

live verb biˈ verb

liver noun biːteˈn noun

long adj zuː adj

louse noun laɲyˈn noun

love verb t͡ʃaˈ verb

Lu noun (language) luˈʎ noun

machine noun ɲafaˈm noun

1. make verb ɡøˈ verb

2. make unknown -aːde suffix

mammal noun toːnøˈr noun

man noun taiˈt͡ɕ noun

MANNER pp huːŋoˈ pp

manner noun kiˈk noun

many adj ʎy adj

market noun kaːtuːs noun

meat noun coˈt͡ʃ noun

medicine noun t͡ʃadiːˈf noun

money noun peːkuːn noun

moon noun ɟyˈs noun

mortar noun sopøːˈɟ noun

mother noun foˈt͡ʃ noun

mountain noun nuɟaiˈɾ noun

mouse noun ɲazyːˈɲ noun

mouth noun ʎiːˈw noun

name noun biːˈs noun

narrow adj kafiːˈɲeː adj

near adj pø adj

neck noun wowaˈj noun

neighbour noun dameˈw noun

net noun dofeˈk noun

1. new adj nyː adj

2. new unknown -ib suffix

night noun ɟaːˈd noun

nine num t͡ʃotiːˈ num

north noun ŋaiˈt noun

nose noun ɡiˈk noun

often adv duˈ adv

1. old adj (not young) dy adj

2. old unknown -eːf suffix

one num kiˈ num

or conj byˈ conj

other adj ne adj

pat verb ɲafauˈ verb

penis noun loloˈt͡ɕ noun

people noun koˈŋ noun

perfect adj ɲecuˈt͡ʃa adj

plain noun ɲasaˈŋ noun

play verb ceˈ verb

pull verb fiːˈ verb

PURP pp wawiˈ pp

purpose verb ʎaːbøːˈ verb

push verb neˈ verb

rain noun baˈʎ noun

Rechoep prop Reːt͡ʃøˈp prop

red adj wa adj

religion noun nocaˈf noun

resemble verb hot͡ɕiˈ verb

restaurant noun luːjoˈt͡ʃ noun

right adj kaː adj

river noun hiːwaiˈk noun

road noun t͡ʃiːˈt͡ʃ noun

root noun joɡiːˈŋ noun

rope noun raɲiːˈr noun

rotten adj faˈpiː adj

round adj ɟøːˈraː adj

rub verb biːɟøˈ verb

run verb pøˈ verb

salt noun ribauˈt͡ɕ noun

sand noun diwøːˈw noun

say verb ɡoˈ verb

scatter verb ɲiʎyːˈ verb

school noun coːlaːh noun

scratch verb wiːɲøˈ verb

sea noun t͡ɕeːˈr noun

1. see verb ɾeˈ verb

2. see unknown -iɟe suffix

seed noun narøːˈt noun

seven num bawøˈ num

sew verb ɲuːhyːˈ verb

shape verb lemaːˈ verb

sharp adj weˈfuː adj

she pron ɲauˈ pron

short adj ʎau adj

sing verb joːˈ verb

single adj deːˈɡa adj

sit verb ɲyˈ verb

six num ɲodøˈ num

skin noun jyˈŋ noun

sky noun taːˈʎ noun

sleep verb tuˈ verb

slime noun sireˈn noun

small adj ɡaː adj

smell verb haːˈ verb

smoke noun juɾeˈɡ noun

smooth adj ʎanuˈɡo adj

snake noun coʎaːˈɡ noun

snow noun siːɡaˈt͡ʃ noun

some adj t͡ʃy adj

son noun piˈt͡ɕ noun

sound noun joːˈɲ noun

south noun zoːˈw noun

speak verb faiˈ verb

speech noun piˈɾ noun

spend_time verb huːɟiˈ verb

spit verb kuːɟiˈ verb

split verb ɡefuˈ verb

squeeze verb cufaˈ verb

stab verb ɲohyˈ verb

stand verb baːˈ verb

star noun joˈk noun

start unknown -ɲe suffix

stick noun lotiˈd noun

stone noun haiˈɾ noun

stop unknown -nu suffix

straight adj hocyˈzeː adj

student noun miʎyˈw noun

suck verb ɾodoːˈ verb

sun noun wiːˈɡ noun

surface noun ɡyːˈɟ noun

surprise verb niɡaˈ verb

swell verb baneːˈ verb

swim verb løːˈ verb

table noun naˈr noun

tail noun jaɟiˈŋ noun

teacher noun ɡiːteːr noun

tell verb zyˈ verb

ten num t͡ɕyˈ num

that det paiˈ det

then conj t͡ɕuˈ conj

there adv hoˈ adv

thick adj weɡøˈŋiː adj

thin adj ʎaˈɡa adj

think verb taːˈ verb

this det løˈ det

thoroughly adv citiˈ adv

thousand num fiːjyːˈ num

three num naˈ num

throw verb waiˈ verb

thus conj naceˈ conj

tie verb ʎomeˈ verb

tiger noun rat͡ɕaˈʎ noun

time noun caˈf noun

to pp ɟøˈ pp

to_above pp faiˈ pp

to_across pp coˈ pp

to_around pp nyːˈ pp

to_behind pp deˈ pp

to_in_front pp hoːˈ pp

to_inside pp loːˈ pp

to_left pp meːˈ pp

to_near pp faːˈ pp

to_next_to pp ŋuːˈ pp

to_outside pp tiːˈ pp

to_right pp jaˈ pp

to_surface pp høːˈ pp

to_under pp t͡ʃyːˈ pp

tongue noun beːˈl noun

tooth noun t͡ʃaˈf noun

top noun seˈd noun

tower noun fuɲøˈj noun

tree noun t͡ɕuˈz noun

try unknown -ɾo suffix

turn verb ɡaiˈ verb

two num ŋoːˈ num

umbrella noun siʎoːˈf noun

understand verb waˈ verb

urine noun kit͡ɕøˈr noun

use unknown -ara suffix

vagina noun coːfeˈɟ noun

vomit verb honaˈ verb

walk verb t͡ʃyˈ verb

want verb baˈ verb

warm adj t͡ɕøˈkiː adj

wash verb peˈ verb

water noun diːˈz noun

west noun wyˈɟ noun

wet adj cauˈt͡ʃe adj

wheat noun finoˈr noun

white adj ha adj

whole adj sy adj

wide adj loːˈre adj

wife noun ɟaˈs noun

wild boar noun difaˈt noun

wind noun t͡ʃeːˈl noun

wing noun cicaˈp noun

wipe verb ciraˈ verb

with pp wyˈ pp

withhold verb ɟeːt͡ɕeˈ verb

woman noun hiˈp noun

worm noun heɡøˈh noun

year noun nøˈɾ noun

yellow adj ŋøːˈt͡ɕu adj

yon det ʎaˈ det

Lu-English Dictionary

-a nouncase suffix ALL

-ara suffix use unknown

-at͡ɕ suffix big unknown

-aɾoː suffix have unknown

-aː nouncase suffix DAT

-aːde suffix make unknown

-aːze suffix break unknown

baiˈ verb laugh verb

baiˈɡ noun house noun

baneːˈ verb swell verb

bauˈb noun bone noun

bauˈɟ noun hair noun

bawøˈ num seven num

baˈ verb want verb

baˈf noun father noun

baˈʎ noun rain noun

baːˈ verb stand verb

baːˈn noun boy noun

-be detcase suffix ALL

beɡaˈ verb cease verb

beːɡeˈ verb journey verb

beːˈl noun tongue noun

bifeːˈʎ noun guts noun

bikoˈj noun forest noun

biˈ verb live verb

biːteˈn noun liver noun

biːɟøˈ verb rub verb

biːˈ pp from_under pp

biːˈs noun name noun

buːˈŋ noun friend noun

byˈ conj or conj

bøˈ verb hear verb

cadyˈ num eight num

caiˈ conj but conj

cauˈt͡ʃe adj wet adj

caˈ pron 1incl.sing pron

caˈf noun time noun

caˈn noun back noun (body part)

-caː adjcase suffix GEN

ceˈ verb play verb

ceˈl noun chair noun

ceːdaiˈɡ noun belly noun

ceːˈɾ noun husband noun

cicaˈp noun wing noun

ciraˈ verb wipe verb

citiˈ adv thoroughly adv

cizaˈ verb chase verb

coʎaːˈɡ noun snake noun

1. coˈ verb find verb

2. coˈ pp to_across pp

coˈt͡ʃ noun meat noun

coˈz noun blood noun

coːfeˈɟ noun vagina noun

coːlaːh noun school noun

-cu detcase suffix PART

cufaˈ verb squeeze verb

cuːˈ pp in_behind pp

cyˈ verb break verb

1. cyːˈ pron 1excl.plur pron

2. cyːˈ pp from_surface pp

-da suffix begin unknown

daiˈ pp in_outside pp

dameˈw noun neighbour noun

-daː detcase suffix VOC

daː vpnegation enclitic POS

daːˈ pp in_near pp

desauˈ verb create verb

1. deˈ adv furiously adv

2. deˈ pp to_behind pp

deː vpmode enclitic imperative

deːzøˈ verb float verb

deːˈɡa adj single adj

-di detcase suffix INS

difaˈt noun wild boar noun

ditaˈ verb kiss verb

diwøːˈw noun sand noun

diˈ pp in_above pp

diːˈz noun water noun

dofeˈk noun net noun

doˈ pp from_near pp

doː vpvoice enclitic active

duˈ adv often adv

dy adj old adj (not young)

-e nouncase suffix NOM

1. -eː nouncase suffix PART

2. -eː noundef suffix not.def

-eːf suffix old unknown

-fa adjcase suffix NOM

1. faiˈ verb speak verb

2. faiˈ pp to_above pp

falaˈj prop Falay prop

faŋaiˈ verb evolve verb

faˈpiː adj rotten adj

faˈsoː adj dry adj

faː adj left adj

faːʎoˈt͡ɕ noun library noun

faːˈ pp to_near pp

feʎuˈc noun cloud noun

feˈ num four num

feːløˈp noun breath noun

feːŋaˈm prop Fengam prop

finoˈr noun wheat noun

fiːjyːˈ num thousand num

fiːˈ verb pull verb

fo vpnegation enclitic NEG

foˈ pp in_inside pp

foˈt͡ʃ noun mother noun

fuɲøˈj noun tower noun

fyˈ pp from_next_to pp

fyˈnaː adj green adj

fyːˈ pron 3.plur pron

ha adj white adj

haiˈɾ noun stone noun

haˈ pron 3.sing pron

haˈw noun head noun

haˈŋe adj dirty adj

haːˈ verb smell verb

hejeːˈw noun bark noun (on tree)

heɡøˈh noun worm noun

hiˈ pp from_across pp

hiˈp noun woman noun

hiːwaiˈk noun river noun

hocyˈzeː adj straight adj

honaˈ verb vomit verb

hot͡ɕiˈ verb resemble verb

hoˈ adv there adv

hoːˈ pp to_in_front pp

huːŋoˈ pp MANNER pp

huːɟiˈ verb spend_time verb

huːˈ pp from_around pp

huːˈj noun face noun

hyˈt͡ɕ noun ear noun

hyˈw noun leg noun

hyːˈ pp in_surface pp

høːˈ pp to_surface pp

-i nouncase suffix INS

-ib suffix new unknown

-iɟe suffix see unknown

-iː nouncase suffix LOC

jaiˈ pron 2.sing pron

jauˈ verb come verb

jaɟiˈŋ noun tail noun

jaʎaːˈt͡ɕ noun flower noun

jaˈ pp to_right pp

jeɲauˈc noun bosom noun (body part)

jeːˈ det a det

joɡiːˈŋ noun root noun

joˈk noun star noun

joˈp noun daughter noun

joːtuˈŋ noun ice noun

joːˈ verb sing verb

joːˈɲ noun sound noun

-ju detcase suffix DAT

juɾeˈɡ noun smoke noun

juˈ pron 1excl.sing pron

jyˈ verb be verb

jyˈŋ noun skin noun

kafiːˈɲeː adj narrow adj

kau adj big adj

kauˈ conj because conj

kaɡøˈf noun lion noun

kaˈ verb cut verb

kaː adj right adj

kaːtuːs noun market noun

kaːˈŋ noun colour noun

1. keː vpta enclitic PRES

2. keː vpmode enclitic indicative

keːˈ verb catch verb

kit͡ɕøˈr noun urine noun

kiˈ num one num

kiˈk noun manner noun

kiːʎyˈt͡ɕ noun box noun

koˈb noun bed noun

koˈŋ noun people noun

koːˈ verb fear verb

kulaːˈk noun jaguar noun

kut͡ʃuˈj prop Kuchuy prop

kuɟeˈɾ noun lamb noun

kuːɟiˈ verb spit verb

kuːˈ verb bite verb

kyˈ verb breathe verb

kyˈʎ noun land noun

kyːˈ pron 1incl.plur pron

laɟeˈcaː adj dull adj

laɲyˈn noun louse noun

laˈ pp in_in_front pp

lemaːˈ verb shape verb

leːdeːˈ verb hunt verb

li adj little adj

likiːˈn prop God prop

1. liː vpmode enclitic conditional

2. liː vpvoice enclitic passive

liːbeːr noun book noun

liːˈma adj different adj

lo vpmode enclitic optative

loloˈt͡ɕ noun penis noun

lotiˈd noun stick noun

loːˈ pp to_inside pp

loːˈre adj wide adj

luˈ pp from_left pp

luˈʎ noun Lu noun (language)

luːjoˈt͡ʃ noun restaurant noun

løˈ det this det

løːˈ verb swim verb

-m nounnumber suffix plur

-maː adjcase suffix ABL

-me adjcase suffix DAT

meːˈ pp to_left pp

mit͡ɕaˈɟ noun fingernail noun

miʎyˈw noun student noun

miˈɡ noun hand noun

-mo adjcase suffix ALL

muˈ adv always adv

1. -muː adjcase suffix VOC

2. -muː detcase suffix ABL

myˈr noun dog noun

naceˈ conj thus conj

nai adj black adj

narøːˈt noun seed noun

1. naˈ num three num

2. naˈ pp in_next_to pp

naˈr noun table noun

naː vpta enclitic PAST

ne adj other adj

net͡ʃaˈz noun breast noun

neˈ verb push verb

neˈt͡ʃ noun east noun

-ni adjcase suffix INS

nibauˈl noun feather noun

niɡaˈ verb surprise verb

niːˈk noun cat noun

nocaˈf noun religion noun

1. -nu detcase suffix GEN

2. -nu suffix stop unknown

nucoˈɟ noun embrace noun

nujyˈp noun grass noun

nuɟaiˈɾ noun mountain noun

nuːˈ verb hold verb

nyː adj new adj

nyːˈ pp to_around pp

nøˈ pp from_above pp

nøˈɾ noun year noun

nøːˈ verb do verb

-o nouncase suffix VOC

-ot͡ʃ suffix bad unknown

-oː nouncase suffix GEN

paiˈ det that det

paˈ pp from_inside pp

paːkuˈr noun lake noun

peˈ verb wash verb

peːkuːn noun money noun

piˈt͡ɕ noun son noun

piˈw noun fish noun

piˈɾ noun speech noun

poˈt noun language noun

puːkiːˈd noun dust noun

1. pyˈ verb fall verb

2. pyˈ pp in_right pp

pø adj near adj

pøˈ verb run verb

-r nounnumber suffix sing

rat͡ɕaˈʎ noun tiger noun

raɲiːˈr noun rope noun

reŋeˈr noun anus noun

reːt͡ʃøˈp prop Rechoep prop

ribauˈt͡ɕ noun salt noun

rodoˈ verb appear verb

roˈ verb give verb

ruˈ verb eat verb

ruːˈb noun fire noun

ruːˈm noun leaf noun

ryːˈ pp in_left pp

saiˈja adj correct adj

saːdiˈ verb freeze verb

saːɡøˈɟ noun cheese noun

seˈ verb fight verb

seˈd noun top noun

sireˈn noun slime noun

siʎoːˈf noun umbrella noun

siːɡaˈt͡ʃ noun snow noun

sopøːˈɟ noun mortar noun

-su suffix continue unknown

sufaːˈ pp INSTR pp

suʎyˈ verb hate verb

suˈ pp in_around pp

-suː adjcase suffix PART

sy adj whole adj

syˈ pp in pp

taiˈt͡ɕ noun man noun

taːˈ verb think verb

taːˈʎ noun sky noun

tibeˈh noun dialect noun

tifaˈ pp COMP pp

tiːˈ pp to_outside pp

toːnøˈr noun mammal noun

tuˈ verb sleep verb

t͡ɕahiˈɡ prop Chahig prop

t͡ɕeˈ verb call verb

t͡ɕeːraˈŋoː adj colourless adj

t͡ɕeːˈda adj full adj

t͡ɕeːˈr noun sea noun

t͡ɕiˈ num five num

t͡ɕiːdøˈm noun bottle noun

t͡ɕoːˈs noun idea noun

-t͡ɕu adjcase suffix ACC

t͡ɕuˈ conj then conj

t͡ɕuˈz noun tree noun

t͡ɕyˈ num ten num

t͡ɕøˈkiː adj warm adj

t͡ʃadauˈɟe adj furious adj

t͡ʃadiːˈf noun medicine noun

t͡ʃaiˈ verb have verb

t͡ʃauˈ verb burn verb

t͡ʃaˈ verb love verb

t͡ʃaˈf noun tooth noun

t͡ʃeˈ verb know verb

t͡ʃeːˈl noun wind noun

t͡ʃit͡ɕaiˈɟ noun horn noun

t͡ʃiːˈt͡ʃ noun road noun

t͡ʃotiːˈ num nine num

t͡ʃoˈ verb die verb

t͡ʃoˈt͡ɕa adj blind adj

t͡ʃoˈt͡ʃ noun heart noun

t͡ʃuːˈ verb hit verb

t͡ʃy adj some adj

t͡ʃyˈ verb walk verb

t͡ʃyːˈ pp to_under pp

t͡ʃø adj all adj

t͡ʃøˈ verb drink verb

-u nouncase suffix ACC

-un suffix good unknown

-uz suffix little unknown

1. -uː nouncase suffix ABL

2. -uː noundef suffix def

wa adj red adj

wabiːˈʎ noun fog noun

waiˈ verb throw verb

wawiˈ pp PURP pp

waˈ verb understand verb

-waː detcase suffix LOC

waːˈn noun city noun

weɡøˈŋiː adj thick adj

weˈf noun fruit noun

weˈfuː adj sharp adj

-wi detcase suffix ACC

wipyːˈ verb dwell verb

wiːɲøˈ verb scratch verb

wiːˈɡ noun sun noun

wo adj bad adj

wowaˈj noun neck noun

woɡyˈ verb arise verb

woːˈ pp from_in_front pp

wyˈ pp with pp

wyˈɟ noun west noun

wyːˈ pp from_right pp

wøː adj few adj

wøːˈ verb kill verb

wøːˈŋ noun bird noun

zaˈɟa adj large adj

zaː adj good adj

ziraiˈ verb copy verb

zoːˈw noun south noun

zuː adj long adj

zyˈ verb tell verb

zyːˈ pp from_behind pp

zøˈs noun human being noun

zøˈt͡ʃ noun foot noun

ŋaiˈt noun north noun

ŋikoˈt͡ʃ noun knee noun

ŋojaːˈ verb grind verb

ŋoːˈ num two num

-ŋu detcase suffix NOM

ŋuˈ verb build verb

ŋuːˈ pp to_next_to pp

ŋøːˈt͡ɕu adj yellow adj

ɟaˈs noun wife noun

ɟaːˈd noun night noun

ɟezaˈt͡ʃ noun court noun

ɟeˈ verb fly verb

ɟeːt͡ɕeˈ verb withhold verb

ɟipuːˈn prop Jipun prop

ɟiːˈ pp from pp

ɟuʎeˈ verb dig verb

ɟuːmiːˈɾ noun apple noun

ɟyˈs noun moon noun

ɟøˈ pp to pp

ɟøːˈraː adj round adj

ɡa adj far adj

ɡaceˈl prop Gachel prop

ɡaiˈ verb turn verb

ɡauˈ conj and conj

ɡaɡiˈz noun bank noun

ɡaˈ pp from_outside pp

ɡaː adj small adj

ɡaːjauˈ pp COMIT pp

-ɡe adjcase suffix LOC

ɡefuˈ verb split verb

ɡeˈ verb lie verb

ɡiteːˈ num hundred num

ɡiɟuˈl noun faeces noun

ɡiˈ pp in_across pp

ɡiˈk noun nose noun

ɡiːteːr noun teacher noun

ɡiːˈɲ noun inside noun

ɡoˈ verb say verb

ɡyːˈɟ noun surface noun

ɡøˈ verb make verb

ɡøːˈ pron 2.plur pron

ɡøːˈno adj cold adj

ɲafauˈ verb pat verb

ɲafaˈm noun machine noun

ɲasaˈŋ noun plain noun

ɲauˈ pron she pron

ɲauˈʎ noun eye noun

ɲazyːˈɲ noun mouse noun

ɲaˈɾi adj happy adj

-ɲe suffix start unknown

ɲecuˈt͡ʃa adj perfect adj

ɲeˈ verb count verb

ɲeˈb noun fight noun

ɲeˈc noun day noun

ɲitaːˈd noun fat noun

ɲiʎyːˈ verb scatter verb

ɲiːdaˈw noun brick noun

ɲiːŋaˈ verb blow verb

ɲiːˈɟ noun child noun (young human)

ɲodøˈ num six num

ɲohyˈ verb stab verb

ɲoːˈniː adj heavy adj

ɲupaːˈj noun hunter noun

ɲuˈ pp in_under pp

ɲuːhyːˈ verb sew verb

ɲyˈ verb sit verb

ɾaˈj noun earth noun

ɾeˈ verb see verb

-ɾo suffix try unknown

ɾodoːˈ verb suck verb

ʎaceˈ verb confound verb

ʎanuˈɡo adj smooth adj

ʎau adj short adj

ʎaŋaˈɲ noun binoculars noun

ʎaˈ det yon det

ʎaˈɡa adj thin adj

ʎaːbøːˈ verb purpose verb

ʎeˈʎ noun knife noun

ʎit͡ɕiˈ verb flow verb

ʎiˈ verb buy verb

ʎiˈc noun egg noun

ʎiːˈw noun mouth noun

ʎomeˈ verb tie verb

ʎopiˈl noun farmer noun

ʎorøˈl noun ash noun

ʎoˈd noun animal noun

ʎuˈɾ noun girl noun

ʎy adj many adj