Makh The Language Creator https://languagecreator.org/ 0.93 2026-11-04T20:55:04+00:00 1793825704312112 questionnaire 0.07 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.3 h_glottalstop 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 0 0.8 0.5 0 0.6 0.2 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 2 1 0 neither no 0 0.6 0.5 1 2 0 no 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.6 1 0.4 plural no yes no separate ergative 0 1 0 1 post 1 1 SOV before after 0 before reln complementiser 1 English latin 1793825704312112 35 10 5 3 true ii V1 V2 front close plain reduced i V1 V2 uu V1 V2 back close plain reduced u V1 V2 ee V1 V2 front mid plain reduced e V1 V2 oo V1 V2 back mid plain reduced o V1 V2 aa V1 V2 central open plain reduced a V1 V2 ̄ T1 ̠ T1 glottal fricative voiceless h Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs palatal approximant voiced j Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. velar stop voiceless qu Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms velar stop voiceless g Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. velar aspirated stop voiceless quh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms velar aspirated stop voiceless k Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms lab. velar ejective stop voiceless Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms velar ejective stop voiceless gk Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs labial nasal voiced m Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar nasal voiced n Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. uvular stop voiceless qw Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms uvular stop voiceless q Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. uvular aspirated stop voiceless qw Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms uvular aspirated stop voiceless q Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms lab. uvular ejective stop voiceless Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms uvular ejective stop voiceless gq Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar fricative voiceless s Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar stop voiceless d Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar aspirated stop voiceless t Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms alveolar ejective stop voiceless dt Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar affricate voiceless tz Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs alveolar aspirated affricate voiceless tzh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms alveolar ejective affricate voiceless tzʼ Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs postalveolar affricate voiceless dj Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs postalveolar aspirated affricate voiceless djh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms postalveolar ejective affricate voiceless chʼ Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs labial approximant voiced w Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. velar fricative voiceless khw Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms velar fricative voiceless kh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs labial stop voiceless b Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs postalveolar fricative voiceless sh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs glottal stop voiceless ’ Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs lab. uvular fricative voiceless qhw Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms uvular fricative voiceless qh Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms Cfr Cfp Cfs gqu gqw Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms Cir Cmr Cmp Cms case prefix prefix obligatory possessor prefix prefix obligatory root rootnoun obligatory number prefix prefix obligatory root rootadj obligatory root rootnum obligatory root rootdet obligatory root rootpron obligatory number suffix suffix optional obj proclitic proclitic optional negation.voice proclitic proclitic optional mode proclitic proclitic optional ta.subj enclitic enclitic optional root rootverb obligatory root rootpp obligatory root rootadv obligatory root rootconj obligatory ABS sing no.owner PRES indicative active POS 3.sing none

꜒-m-a-χ

T1 Cfr noun

Makh

noun language

kʰ-u-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr pron

1incl.sing

pron

w-i-꜖-w

Cir Cfr pron

1excl.sing

pron

t͡ʃʰ-i-꜒-m

Cir Cfr pron

2.sing

pron

s+qʷ-o-꜖-t

Cir Cfr pron

3.sing

pron

s-a-꜒-k

Cir Cfr pron

1incl.plur

pron

χʷ-o-꜖-m

Cir Cfr pron

1excl.plur

pron

χ-oː-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr pron

2.plur

pron

t͡ʃʰ-aː-꜖-kʼ

Cir Cfr pron

3.plur

pron

s-aː-꜖-s

Cir Cfr det

the

det

i-꜖-s

V1 Cfr adj

all

adj

o-꜒-χ

V1 Cfr adj

bad

adj

i-꜒-ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

big

adj

a-꜒-t͡ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

black

adj

a-꜒-qʰ-o-p

V1 Cfr adj

blind

adj

a-꜒-t͡ʃ-i-q

V1 Cfr adj

cold

adj

i-꜒-m-i-ʃ-i-h

V1 Cfr adj

colourless

adj

eː-꜒-kʰ-e-q

V1 Cfr adj

correct

adj

aː-꜒-qʼʷ-i-kʼ

V1 Cfr adj

different

adj

oː-꜒-kʼʷ-iː-j

V1 Cfr adj

dirty

adj

e-꜖-p-e-x

V1 Cfr adj

dry

adj

e-꜒-n-iː-m-u-ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

dull

adj

i-꜒-ʔ

V1 Cfr adj

far

adj

o-꜖-q

V1 Cfr adj

few

adj

eː-꜖-s-i-w

V1 Cfr adj

full

adj

i-꜖-t͡ʃ-e-t͡ʃʰ-oː-ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

furious

adj

i-꜒-n

V1 Cfr adj

good

adj

a-꜒-qʼʷ-e-p

V1 Cfr adj

green

adj

i-꜖-s-u-q

V1 Cfr adj

happy

adj

e-꜒-tʼ-a-ʔ

V1 Cfr adj

heavy

adj

i-꜖-k-a-t͡ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

large

adj

a-꜖-j

V1 Cfr adj

left

adj

aː-꜒-j

V1 Cfr adj

long

adj

a-꜖-n

V1 Cfr adj

many

adj

a-꜒-tʰ-eː-kʰ-eː-t͡ʃʼ

V1 Cfr adj

narrow

adj

u-꜒-t͡sʼ

V1 Cfr adj

near

adj

a-꜒-ʔ

V1 Cfr adj

new

adj

e-꜖-s

V1 Cfr adj

old

adj not young

i-꜒-k

V1 Cfr adj

other

adj

i-꜒-m-iː-p-eː-t͡ʃʼ

V1 Cfr adj

perfect

adj

eː-꜖-t͡s

V1 Cfr adj

red

adj

u-꜖-x

V1 Cfr adj

right

adj

u-꜖-n-a-n

V1 Cfr adj

rotten

adj

i-꜖-p-iː-q

V1 Cfr adj

round

adj

e-꜒-t͡ʃʼ-i-t͡sʼ

V1 Cfr adj

sharp

adj

o-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

V1 Cfr adj

short

adj

aː-꜒-qʷ-aː-k

V1 Cfr adj

single

adj

aː-꜖-ʃ

V1 Cfr adj

small

adj

e-꜖-t͡s-iː-tʼ-aː-x

V1 Cfr adj

smooth

adj

e-꜒-w

V1 Cfr adj

some

adj

aː-꜖-t͡sʰ-o-kʰʷ-eː-χ

V1 Cfr adj

straight

adj

i-꜒-n-a-qʼʷ-a-s

V1 Cfr adj

thick

adj

eː-꜖-kʷ-o-n

V1 Cfr adj

thin

adj

a-꜖-qʰʷ-i

V1 V2 adj

warm

adj

a-꜖-ʃ-a-t͡sʼ

V1 Cfr adj

wet

adj

oː-꜖-w

V1 Cfr adj

white

adj

a-꜒-w

V1 Cfr adj

whole

adj

eː-꜒-qʼʷ-aː-j

V1 Cfr adj

wide

adj

a-꜖-kʰ-e-t͡s

V1 Cfr adj

yellow

adj

a-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

V1 Cfr adj

little

adj

tʼ-e-꜖

Cir T1 adv

always

adv

t͡s-o-꜒-tʼ

Cir Cfr adv

furiously

adv

s+qʷ-iː-꜖-q

Cir Cfr adv

often

adv

s+t-a-꜖-p

Cir Cfr adv

there

adv

t͡ʃʰ-a-h-u-꜒-t

Cir Cfr adv

thoroughly

adv

ʃ+kʷ-o-꜒-x

Cir Cfr conj

and

conj

t͡s-e-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr conj

because

conj

s+kʷ-a-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr conj

but

conj

kʼʷ-a-꜖-t

Cir Cfr conj

or

conj

p-o-꜖-t

Cir Cfr conj

then

conj

s-u-tʰ-o-꜖-t͡s

Cir Cfr conj

thus

conj

t͡ʃʼ-i-꜖-s

Cir Cfr det

that

det

ʔ-oː-꜒-n

Cir Cfr det

this

det

q-iː-꜖-s

Cir Cfr det

yon

det

꜒-qʼʷ-a-ʔ-uː-t͡ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

bank

noun

꜒-qʼ-a-ʃ-o

T1 V2 noun

court

noun

꜖-t͡s-e-s-i-k

T1 Cfr noun

library

noun

m-aː-k-iː-t

C C noun

market

noun

꜖-kʼ-u-t͡sʰ-a-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

medicine

noun

꜒-ʔ-u-kʼ-e-m

T1 Cfr noun

religion

noun

꜖-t͡s-a-h-u-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

restaurant

noun

s-eː-k-uː-h

C C noun

school

noun

꜖-kʷ-o-x-u-m

T1 Cfr noun

student

noun

꜖-q-o-k-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

breath

noun

꜒-n-u-n

T1 Cfr noun

colour

noun

꜖-w-aː-w-a-t͡ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

embrace

noun

꜒-t͡ʃ-o-s

T1 Cfr noun

fight

noun

꜖-qʼ-a-x

T1 Cfr noun

idea

noun

꜖-x-o-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

manner

noun

꜖-m-a-k

T1 Cfr noun

language

noun

꜖-w-e-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

sound

noun

꜒-χ-e-χ

T1 Cfr noun

speech

noun

꜒-x-a-kʼʷ-aː-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

dialect

noun

꜖-tʰ-u-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

name

noun

꜒-qʼʷ-e-s

T1 Cfr noun

animal

noun

꜒-t͡ʃ-a-x

T1 Cfr noun

bird

noun

꜖-kʷ-i-q

T1 Cfr noun

cat

noun

꜖-s-a-p

T1 Cfr noun

dog

noun

꜒-kʰ-a-t͡sʼ

T1 Cfr noun

fish

noun

꜒-t͡sʼ-i-ʃ+q-u-χ

T1 Cfr noun

lamb

noun

꜖-p-u-qʰʷ-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

lion

noun

꜒-t-uː-ʃ-a-t

T1 Cfr noun

mammal

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʼ-o-tʰ-a-w

T1 Cfr noun

tiger

noun

꜒-s-u-t-u-q

T1 Cfr noun

wild boar

noun

꜖-q-iː-w-e-χ

T1 Cfr noun

jaguar

noun

꜖-k-aː-kʷ-a-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

snake

noun

꜖-m-i-kʰ-a-k

T1 Cfr noun

louse

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʼ-i-t͡sʰ-u-χ

T1 Cfr noun

mouse

noun

꜖-t͡ʃ-iː-p-o-s

T1 Cfr noun

worm

noun

꜒-x-a-χ

T1 Cfr noun

human being

noun

꜒-qʼ-aː-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

people

noun

꜒-ʔ-a-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

woman

noun

꜒-s+p-a-qʼ

T1 Cfr noun

daughter

noun

꜖-s+k-e-h

T1 Cfr noun

girl

noun

꜖-xʷ-e-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

mother

noun

꜒-qʼʷ-aː-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

wife

noun

꜒-t͡ʃ-u-n

T1 Cfr noun

child

noun young human

꜒-tʼ-i-x

T1 Cfr noun

man

noun

꜖-p-uː-w

T1 Cfr noun

boy

noun

꜖-kʷ-a-w

T1 Cfr noun

father

noun

꜒-kʰ-i-j

T1 Cfr noun

son

noun

꜖-q-e-j

T1 Cfr noun

husband

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʰ-aː-n-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

hunter

noun

h-iː-t͡ʃ-eː-j

C C noun

teacher

noun

꜖-n-uː-qʷ-o-χ

T1 Cfr noun

farmer

noun

꜒-kʼʷ-i-n

T1 Cfr noun

friend

noun

꜒-k-uː-t͡sʼ-i-m

T1 Cfr noun

neighbour

noun

꜖-n-i-tʼ-e-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

feather

noun

꜒-ʔ-oː-p-i-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

wing

noun

꜖-kʰ-i-j-u-t͡ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

horn

noun

꜖-t͡sʰ-a-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

road

noun

꜖-t͡ʃʼ-i-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

house

noun

꜒-s+p-e-ʃ-u-t͡ʃʼ

T1 Cfr noun

tower

noun

꜖-tʼ-a-tʼ-oː-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

brick

noun

꜒-qʷ-a-t͡sʼ-aː

T1 V2 noun

bottle

noun

꜖-kʼʷ-i-ʔ-u-x

T1 Cfr noun

box

noun

p-uː-k

C C noun

book

noun

꜖-χʷ-a-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

bed

noun

꜒-qʼ-a-q

T1 Cfr noun

chair

noun

꜖-kʰʷ-e-k

T1 Cfr noun

table

noun

꜖-k-aː-kʼʷ-i-w

T1 Cfr noun

binoculars

noun

꜒-qʼ-a-qʰʷ-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

machine

noun

꜖-χ-eː-kʼʷ-o-q

T1 Cfr noun

net

noun

꜒-qʼʷ-eː-m-oː-k

T1 Cfr noun

umbrella

noun

꜒-s-u-kʰ-u-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

mortar

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʰ-iː-t

T1 Cfr noun

knife

noun

꜖-kʼʷ-oː-kʼʷ-i-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

rope

noun

꜒-kʷ-i-m

T1 Cfr noun

back

noun body part

꜖-ʃ-a-kʰ-e-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

bosom

noun body part

꜖-t͡ʃʰ-a-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

face

noun

꜒-tʰ-a-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

foot

noun

꜖-k-e-t͡s

T1 Cfr noun

hand

noun

꜖-x-a-t͡ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

head

noun

꜖-ʔ-i-x-u-χ

T1 Cfr noun

knee

noun

꜖-w-a-k

T1 Cfr noun

leg

noun

꜒-t͡ʃ-eː-p

T1 Cfr noun

mouth

noun

꜖-kʰ-o-m-i-s

T1 Cfr noun

neck

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʼ-u-w

T1 Cfr noun

skin

noun

꜖-s+k-o-t͡sʼ-eː-j

T1 Cfr noun

tail

noun

꜒-m-iː-t͡s-u-t

T1 Cfr noun

anus

noun

꜒-xʷ-a-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

bone

noun

꜒-χ-u-m-aː-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

fingernail

noun

꜖-w-a-qʼ

T1 Cfr noun

tooth

noun

꜒-xʷ-a-p-u-t͡sʼ

T1 Cfr noun

belly

noun

꜖-t͡ʃʼ-o-χʷ-aː-x

T1 Cfr noun

guts

noun

꜖-m-oː-m

T1 Cfr noun

heart

noun

꜒-t͡s-e-p-u-t͡s

T1 Cfr noun

liver

noun

꜖-t͡s-aː-ʃ-a-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

penis

noun

꜒-t͡s-i-xʷ-a-h

T1 Cfr noun

vagina

noun

꜒-qʷ-o-t͡ʃʼ-o-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

breast

noun

꜒-x-iː-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

ear

noun

꜒-m-e-m

T1 Cfr noun

eye

noun

꜖-qʼ-i-s

T1 Cfr noun

nose

noun

꜖-qʰ-a-q

T1 Cfr noun

tongue

noun

꜒-χʷ-o-x

T1 Cfr noun

hair

noun

꜒-t͡s-a-w

T1 Cfr noun

moon

noun

꜖-t͡s-eː-χ

T1 Cfr noun

star

noun

꜖-m-i-k

T1 Cfr noun

sun

noun

꜒-j-aː-kʼʷ-oː-q

T1 Cfr noun

NN2

noun true

꜒-χ-oː-kʰʷ-a-t

T1 Cfr noun

NN4

noun true

꜒-ʃ-aː-t͡sʼ

T1 Cfr noun

egg

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʰ-u-m

T1 Cfr noun

meat

noun

꜒-m-o-t͡s-iː-m

T1 Cfr noun

cheese

noun

꜒-ʃ-i-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

blood

noun

꜖-χʷ-aː-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

east

noun

꜖-kʼ-a-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

north

noun

꜖-k-e-qʼ

T1 Cfr noun

south

noun

꜖-t͡sʼ-iː-w

T1 Cfr noun

west

noun

꜒-k-i-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

inside

noun

꜒-kʼ-i-t͡s

T1 Cfr noun

top

noun

꜖-m-u-χ

T1 Cfr noun

surface

noun

꜒-kʰ-a-p-eː-m

T1 Cfr noun

God

noun true

꜒-t͡ʃʼ-o-s-o-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

NN1

noun true

꜒-xʷ-e-t͡sʰ-oː-t͡ʃʼ

T1 Cfr noun

NN3

noun true

꜖-q-u-k

T1 Cfr noun

sky

noun

꜒-t͡sʼ-a-n

T1 Cfr noun

stone

noun

꜒-m-i-k

T1 Cfr noun

earth

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʼ-a-t͡sʼ

T1 Cfr noun

land

noun

꜒-p-o-x-i-k

T1 Cfr noun

mountain

noun

꜒-n-u-tʰ-i-p

T1 Cfr noun

plain

noun

꜒-kʰ-a-x-i-q

T1 Cfr noun

forest

noun

꜖-p-a-ʔ-aː-t͡ʃʼ

T1 Cfr noun

stick

noun

꜒-kʰ-a

T1 V1 noun

fire

noun

꜒-kʷ-i-p

T1 Cfr noun

sea

noun

꜖-ʃ-uː-x-i-x

T1 Cfr noun

lake

noun

꜖-qʰ-a-kʼʷ-i-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

river

noun

꜒-ʔ-e-p-iː-m

T1 Cfr noun

cloud

noun

꜖-kʼ-iː-tʰ-iː-n

T1 Cfr noun

bark

noun on tree

꜒-j-u-s+qʷ-o-qʼ

T1 Cfr noun

flower

noun

꜖-tʼ-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

tree

noun

꜒-kʰ-e-kʷ-o-t͡s

T1 Cfr noun

grass

noun

꜖-qʷ-eː-t͡ʃʼ

T1 Cfr noun

leaf

noun

꜖-qʷ-e-q

T1 Cfr noun

fruit

noun

꜖-s-iː-s+k-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

root

noun

꜒-xʷ-a-p-u-t

T1 Cfr noun

seed

noun

꜒-qʷ-o-t͡sʼ-a-w

T1 Cfr noun

NP1

noun true

꜖-ʃ-e-q-a-p

T1 Cfr noun

NP2

noun true

꜖-ʔ-u-n-u-χ

T1 Cfr noun

NP3

noun true

꜖-kʼʷ-o-t-a-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

apple

noun

꜖-t͡sʼ-i-t͡sʰ-i-n

T1 Cfr noun

wheat

noun

꜒-p-e-t

T1 Cfr noun

city

noun

꜒-ʃ+t-a-qʰ-o-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

fat

noun

꜖-t͡ʃ-u-qʷ-o-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

salt

noun

꜖-ʔ-o-t-u-t͡s

T1 Cfr noun

ice

noun

꜖-kʷ-i-kʼ-eː-n

T1 Cfr noun

sand

noun

꜖-χʷ-e-xʷ-aː-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

dust

noun

m-oː-n-iː-ʔ

C C noun

money

noun

꜒-kʼʷ-e-qʼ-a-x

T1 Cfr noun

smoke

noun

꜖-t-o-n

T1 Cfr noun

day

noun

꜒-x-i

T1 V1 noun

night

noun

꜒-t͡ʃʰ-u-ʃ

T1 Cfr noun

time

noun

꜖-kʰ-i-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

year

noun

꜖-k-i-qʰ-a-n

T1 Cfr noun

faeces

noun

꜒-ʔ-o-ʃ-eː-k

T1 Cfr noun

urine

noun

꜒-qʷ-i-tʼ

T1 Cfr noun

water

noun

꜖-qʼʷ-aː-qʼ-u-h

T1 Cfr noun

slime

noun

꜒-w-e-xʷ-i-ʔ

T1 Cfr noun

ash

noun

꜒-s+k-aː-t

T1 Cfr noun

wind

noun

꜖-q-iː-t͡ʃ-a-kʼ

T1 Cfr noun

fog

noun

꜒-t͡sʰ-a-s

T1 Cfr noun

rain

noun

꜒-χʷ-aː-t͡sʼ-aː-p

T1 Cfr noun

snow

noun

h-u-ʃ+qʷ-aː-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr num

eight

num

kʷ-o-꜖-p

Cir Cfr num

five

num

s-o-꜒-x

Cir Cfr num

four

num

kʰʷ-iː-kʷ-a-꜒-s

Cir Cfr num

hundred

num

qʼʷ-a-m-a-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr num

nine

num

s-i-꜒-k

Cir Cfr num

one

num

tʼ-oː-n-e-꜒-kʼ

Cir Cfr num

seven

num

n-o-χʷ-eː-꜒-tʼ

Cir Cfr num

six

num

ʃ+k-o-꜒-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr num

ten

num

t͡sʼ-oː-t-i-꜖-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr num

thousand

num

χ-o-꜒-w

Cir Cfr num

three

num

m-o-꜖-p

Cir Cfr num

two

num

s+t-e-q-e-꜖-k

Cir Cfr pp

COMIT

pp

qʼʷ-o-qʰ-iː-꜖-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr pp

COMP

pp

n-a-tʼ-a-꜖-n

Cir Cfr pp

INSTR

pp

kʼʷ-a-p-eː-꜖-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

MANNER

pp

xʷ-aː-qʼʷ-eː-꜒-n

Cir Cfr pp

PURP

pp

x-a-꜒-w

Cir Cfr pp

from

pp

t͡sʰ-a-꜒-m

Cir Cfr pp

in

pp

s+p-uː-꜖-s

Cir Cfr pp

to

pp

χ-i-꜖-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

with

pp

ʃ+qʷ-iː-꜒-j

Cir Cfr pron

she

pron

qʰ-uː-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

want

verb

kʼ-a-ʃ+qʷ-i-꜖-n

Cir Cfr verb

purpose

verb

tʼ-a-kʰʷ-a-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

blow

verb true

kʰ-a-꜒-j

Cir Cfr verb

breathe

verb true

kʷ-i-n-eː-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

cease

verb true

t͡sʼ-uː-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

come

verb true

h-i-kʼʷ-aː-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

dig

verb true

qʼʷ-e-꜖-n

Cir Cfr verb

fall

verb true

kʰʷ-a-꜖-j

Cir Cfr verb

fight

verb true

qʰʷ-a-꜖-t

Cir Cfr verb

fly

verb true

kʰʷ-o-m-a-꜒-n

Cir Cfr verb

journey

verb true

qʼ-oː-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

laugh

verb true

ʃ+t-o-꜒-t

Cir Cfr verb

lie

verb true

t͡s-e-꜒-m

Cir Cfr verb

run

verb true

tʰ-i-꜒-n

Cir Cfr verb

sing

verb true

t͡s-i-꜒

Cir T1 verb

sit

verb true

p-a-꜖-χ

Cir Cfr verb

speak

verb true

j-a-t͡s-a-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

spit

verb true

p-o-꜒-n

Cir Cfr verb

stand

verb true

ʃ+t-eː-꜖-m

Cir Cfr verb

swim

verb true

qʰ-o-t͡sʼ-i-꜒-n

Cir Cfr verb

vomit

verb true

kʷ-e-꜒-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

walk

verb true

t-u-ʔ-i-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

appear

verb

t͡sʰ-iː-x-iː-꜒-w

Cir Cfr verb

arise

verb

qʷ-i-꜖-kʼ

Cir Cfr verb

be

verb

m-iː-꜒-t

Cir Cfr verb

die

verb

t͡s-u-qʼʷ-i-꜖-j

Cir Cfr verb

dwell

verb

qʼʷ-e-n-i-꜒-ʔ

Cir Cfr verb

evolve

verb

qʰʷ-oː-n-o-꜒-s

Cir Cfr verb

float

verb

t͡sʰ-a-χ-oː-꜒-w

Cir Cfr verb

flow

verb

q-u-ʃ+p-eː-꜒-t͡s

Cir Cfr verb

freeze

verb

s-a-꜖-χ

Cir Cfr verb

live

verb

s+t-a-꜒-m

Cir Cfr verb

sleep

verb

t-a-꜖-x

Cir Cfr verb

smell

verb

s+kʷ-iː-k-i-꜒-χ

Cir Cfr verb

swell

verb

m-o-꜖-s

Cir Cfr verb

bite

verb true

n-u-꜖-k

Cir Cfr verb

break

verb true

qʰ-i-꜖-q

Cir Cfr verb

build

verb true

t͡ʃʰ-iː-꜖-m

Cir Cfr verb

burn

verb true

kʼʷ-i-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

buy

verb true

kʰ-uː-꜒-s

Cir Cfr verb

call

verb true

tʼ-iː-꜖-m

Cir Cfr verb

catch

verb true

m-aː-q-i-꜒-x

Cir Cfr verb

chase

verb true

qʰ-u-kʼʷ-o-꜒-m

Cir Cfr verb

confound

verb true

kʼʷ-oː-kʼ-iː-꜒-h

Cir Cfr verb

copy

verb true

t͡ʃ-i-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

count

verb true

t͡s-u-xʷ-a-꜖-tʼ

Cir Cfr verb

create

verb true

qʼʷ-aː-꜒-k

Cir Cfr verb

cut

verb true

s-i-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

do

verb true

h-i-꜖-j

Cir Cfr verb

drink

verb true

h-e-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

eat

verb true

t͡sʰ-i-꜒-t͡s

Cir Cfr verb

fear

verb true

tʰ-uː-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

find

verb true

n-i-꜒-t

Cir Cfr verb

give

verb true

qʰ-e-qʰʷ-a-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

grind

verb true

t͡sʼ-a-j-o-꜒-s

Cir Cfr verb

hate

verb true

q-i-꜖-n

Cir Cfr verb

have

verb true

p-aː-꜖-χ

Cir Cfr verb

hear

verb true

p-a-꜖-s

Cir Cfr verb

hit

verb true

q-u-꜒-m

Cir Cfr verb

hold

verb true

ʃ+t-eː-k-u-꜖-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

hunt

verb true

t͡sʰ-e-꜖-ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

kill

verb true

kʷ-e-t͡s-i-꜖-n

Cir Cfr verb

kiss

verb true

t͡ʃʰ-e-꜖-χ

Cir Cfr verb

know

verb true

j-aː-꜖-h

Cir Cfr verb

love

verb true

t͡ʃ-o-꜒-kʼ

Cir Cfr verb

make

verb true

kʰ-i-qʼ-i-꜖-q

Cir Cfr verb

pat

verb true

t͡sʰ-a-꜖-m

Cir Cfr verb

play

verb true

χ-oː-꜒-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

pull

verb true

kʰ-a-꜒-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

push

verb true

w-a-tʼ-oː-꜖-kʼ

Cir Cfr verb

resemble

verb true

qʼ-aː-ʃ+k-aː-꜖-t

Cir Cfr verb

rub

verb true

w-e-꜒-n

Cir Cfr verb

say

verb true

ʃ+kʷ-e-kʰʷ-e-꜖-s

Cir Cfr verb

scatter

verb true

qʼ-o-kʼʷ-eː-꜒-t͡sʼ

Cir Cfr verb

scratch

verb true

ʃ+t-o-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

see

verb true

qʰʷ-a-kʼ-o-꜖-χ

Cir Cfr verb

sew

verb true

x-a-t͡ʃ-iː-꜖-m

Cir Cfr verb

shape

verb true

t͡ʃ-e-m-e-꜒-tʼ

Cir Cfr verb

spend_time

verb

t͡sʼ-u-t͡sʰ-i-꜖-s

Cir Cfr verb

split

verb true

ʃ+k-o-q-a-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr verb

squeeze

verb true

ʃ-aː-s+t-u-꜒-j

Cir Cfr verb

stab

verb true

s-iː-ʃ-i-꜖-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

suck

verb true

ʃ+t-i-tʼ-a-꜖-n

Cir Cfr verb

surprise

verb true

ʃ+p-u-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr verb

tell

verb true

qʰ-u-꜖-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr verb

think

verb true

t͡sʼ-i-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr verb

throw

verb true

s+k-a-qʰʷ-iː-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

tie

verb true

t͡s-a-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr verb

turn

verb true

t͡s-a-꜒-t͡ʃʼ

Cir Cfr verb

understand

verb true

t͡ʃʰ-e-꜖-kʼ

Cir Cfr verb

wash

verb true

s+p-a-x-iː-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr verb

wipe

verb true

ʃ+k-e-χ-i-꜒-χ

Cir Cfr verb

withhold

verb true

χʷ-oː-꜖-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

from_above

pp

χ-o-꜖-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

to_above

pp

t͡ʃʼ-i-꜒-s

Cir Cfr pp

in_above

pp

t-u-꜒-t͡s

Cir Cfr pp

from_across

pp

qʷ-o-꜒

Cir T1 pp

to_across

pp

xʷ-e-꜒-k

Cir Cfr pp

in_across

pp

kʼʷ-a-꜒-tʼ

Cir Cfr pp

from_around

pp

s+kʷ-e-꜒-p

Cir Cfr pp

to_around

pp

h-a-꜖-k

Cir Cfr pp

in_around

pp

ʃ+kʷ-a-꜖-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

from_behind

pp

n-u-꜖-tʼ

Cir Cfr pp

to_behind

pp

qʼ-e-꜒-j

Cir Cfr pp

in_behind

pp

t-eː-꜖-m

Cir Cfr pp

from_in_front

pp

q-o-꜒-s

Cir Cfr pp

to_in_front

pp

ʃ-i-꜖-t

Cir Cfr pp

in_in_front

pp

qʼ-iː-꜒-j

Cir Cfr pp

from_inside

pp

kʷ-e-꜖-n

Cir Cfr pp

to_inside

pp

t͡sʰ-i-꜒-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

in_inside

pp

ʃ-u-꜒-j

Cir Cfr pp

from_left

pp

t͡ʃʼ-e-꜖-ʔ

Cir Cfr pp

to_left

pp

tʰ-o-꜖-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

in_left

pp

x-a-꜒-q

Cir Cfr pp

from_near

pp

t͡sʼ-e-꜖-m

Cir Cfr pp

to_near

pp

ʔ-e-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr pp

in_near

pp

m-o-꜒-t

Cir Cfr pp

from_next_to

pp

s+kʷ-i-꜖-t͡s

Cir Cfr pp

to_next_to

pp

n-u-꜒-t͡ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

in_next_to

pp

ʃ+k-i-꜖-tʼ

Cir Cfr pp

from_outside

pp

ʔ-a-꜒-x

Cir Cfr pp

to_outside

pp

t͡ʃ-e-꜖-t͡s

Cir Cfr pp

in_outside

pp

t͡sʼ-eː-꜒-p

Cir Cfr pp

from_right

pp

tʼ-a-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

to_right

pp

w-i-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr pp

in_right

pp

tʰ-o-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

from_surface

pp

t͡ʃ-u-꜒-χ

Cir Cfr pp

to_surface

pp

t͡ʃ-eː-꜖-qʼ

Cir Cfr pp

in_surface

pp

t͡ʃʰ-u-꜒-qʼ

Cir Cfr pp

from_under

pp

ʔ-a-꜖-j

Cir Cfr pp

to_under

pp

ʃ-o-꜒-ʃ

Cir Cfr pp

in_under

pp

k

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

ABS

t͡sʼ

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

ERG

s

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

DAT

n

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

INS

qʷ

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

VOC

kʰ

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

ALL

kʰʷ

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

LOC

qʰ

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

ABL

q

Cip Cip prefix nouncase prefix

PART

uː

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

1incl.sing

iː

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

1excl.sing

aː

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

2.sing

eː

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

3.sing

u

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

1incl.plur

oː

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

1excl.plur

e

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

2.plur

i

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

3.plur

o

V2 V2 prefix nounpossessor prefix

no.owner

kʼʷ

Cip Cip prefix adjnumber prefix

sing

t͡ʃʼ

Cip Cip prefix adjnumber prefix

plur

e-k

V2 Cfs suffix pronnumber suffix

sing

o-p

V2 Cfs suffix pronnumber suffix

plur

s-e-q

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

none

t͡ʃʰ-a-n

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

1incl.sing

qʰʷ-e-ʔ

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

1excl.sing

kʰ-a-j

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

2.sing

n-a-qʼ

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

3.sing

kʰʷ-a-t

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

1incl.plur

qʼ-o-n

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

1excl.plur

m-i-k

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

2.plur

tʰ-i-t

Cip Cfp vpobj proclitic

3.plur

p-u-s

Cip Cfp vpnegation.voice proclitic

NEG.active

tʼ-iː-qʼ

Cip Cfp vpnegation.voice proclitic

NEG.passive

kʼ-o-j

Cip Cfp vpnegation.voice proclitic

POS.active

kʼ-a-n

Cip Cfp vpnegation.voice proclitic

POS.passive

m-e-χ

Cip Cfp vpmode proclitic

indicative

kʰ-u-kʼ

Cip Cfp vpmode proclitic

imperative

tʰ-i-h

Cip Cfp vpmode proclitic

conditional

kʷ-o-n

Cip Cfp vpmode proclitic

optative

tʼ-o-t͡ʃʼ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.1incl.sing

tʼ-aː-q

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.1excl.sing

s-iː-ʔ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.2.sing

k-u-j

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.3.sing

t-a-t͡s

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.1incl.plur

t͡sʼ-iː-t

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.1excl.plur

j-uː-t͡ʃʼ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.2.plur

p-o-m

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PRES.3.plur

t-i-t͡sʼ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.1incl.sing

qʰ-iː-x

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.1excl.sing

t͡ʃʰ-e-s

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.2.sing

t-o

Cis V2 vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.3.sing

q-u-j

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.1incl.plur

qʰ-e-t͡sʼ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.1excl.plur

t͡sʰ-e-t͡ʃ

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.2.plur

p-e-j

Cis Cfs vpta.subj enclitic

PAST.3.plur

qʰʷ-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

begin

unknown

kʼʷ-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

stop

unknown

tʰ-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

continue

unknown

k-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

try

unknown

h-uː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

start

unknown

ʔ-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

want

unknown

w-u

Cip V2 prefix prefix

can

unknown

χ-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

finish

unknown

n-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

need

unknown

kʼʷ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

decide

unknown

s-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

fail

unknown

t͡sʼ-iː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

hope

unknown

tʼ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

must

unknown

kʼ-u

Cip V2 prefix prefix

pretend

unknown

χ-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

make

unknown

q-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

let

unknown

w-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

help

unknown

kʼ-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

force

unknown

χ-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

keep

unknown

ʃ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

cause

unknown

xʷ-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

allow

unknown

χʷ-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

have

unknown

t͡sʰ-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

use

unknown

j-eː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

see

unknown

tʰ-uː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

make

unknown

t͡sʼ-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

break

unknown

ʔ-u

Cip V2 prefix prefix

eat

unknown

kʷ-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

drink

unknown

n-iː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

wear

unknown

ʔ-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

own

unknown

kʰʷ-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

contain

unknown

p-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

hold

unknown

t͡ʃʰ-iː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

lack

unknown

t͡sʰ-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

touch

unknown

kʷ-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

carry

unknown

h-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

find

unknown

m-o

Cip V2 prefix prefix

hunt

unknown

qʷ-oː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

guard

unknown

q-oː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

search

unknown

kʼ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

learn

unknown

qʼʷ-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

teach

unknown

t͡sʰ-u

Cip V2 prefix prefix

help

unknown

q-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

follow

unknown

t-a

Cip V2 prefix prefix

chase

unknown

t͡sʰ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

build

unknown

q-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

burn

unknown

qʼ-iː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

hit

unknown

k-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

take

unknown

t͡ʃʰ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

cut

unknown

t͡s-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

hear

unknown

x-i

Cip V2 prefix prefix

know

unknown

qʰ-u

Cip V2 prefix prefix

love

unknown

kʰ-e

Cip V2 prefix prefix

protect

unknown

t͡ʃʼ-aː

Cip V2 prefix prefix

possess

unknown

ʃ-iː

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

little

unknown

n-a

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

big

unknown

χ-eː

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

old

unknown

t͡ʃʰ-e

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

new

unknown

qʼʷ-e

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

good

unknown

qʼ-i

Cmp V2 prefix prefix

bad

unknown verbverb begin verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbverb continue verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb start verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbverb want verb verb verbverb can verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb finish verb verb verbverb need verb verb verbverb decide verb verb verbverb fail verb verb verbverb hope verb verb verbverb must verb verb verbverb can verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb begin verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb begin verb verb verbverb finish verb verb verbverb pretend verb verb verbverb continue verb verb verbverb make noun verb verbverb let verb verb verbverb help noun verb verbverb force verb verb verbverb keep verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbverb cause verb verb verbverb allow verb verb verbverb begin verb verb verbverb continue verb verb verbverb finish verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb want verb verb verbverb must verb verb verbobj have noun verb verbobj use noun verb verbobj see noun verb verbobj make noun verb verbobj break noun verb verbobj eat noun verb verbobj drink noun verb verbobj wear noun verb verbobj own noun verb verbobj contain noun verb verbobj hold noun verb verbobj lack noun verb verbobj touch noun verb verbobj carry noun verb verbobj see noun verb verbobj find noun verb verbobj hunt noun verb verbobj guard noun verb verbobj search noun verb verbobj learn noun verb verbobj teach noun verb verbobj help noun verb verbobj follow noun verb verbobj chase noun verb verbobj build noun verb verbobj burn noun verb verbobj use noun verb verbobj hit noun verb verbobj take noun verb verbobj cut noun verb verbobj see noun verb verbobj hear noun verb verbobj know noun verb verbobj love noun verb verbobj protect noun verb verbobj possess noun verb adj little noun noun adj big noun noun adj old noun noun adj new noun noun adj good noun noun adj bad noun noun