Osaka The Language Creator https://languagecreator.org/ 0.93 2026-11-06T20:23:23+00:00 1793996603179591 questionnaire 0.05 0 0 0 0.2 0 h_glottalstop 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 2 0.7 0 neither yes 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 no 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 plural no yes no verbs none 1 0 0 1 pre 0 0 SVO before before 1 after correlative complementiser 1 English latin 1793996603179591 6 10 10 1 false front close plain reduced i V1 V2 back close plain reduced u V1 V2 front mid plain e V1 back mid plain o V1 central open plain reduced a V1 V2 front close nasal reducednasal in V1 V2 back close nasal reducednasal un V1 V2 front mid nasal en V1 back mid nasal on V1 central open nasal reducednasal an V1 V2 glottal fricative voiceless h Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms velar stop voiceless k Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms alveolar fricative voiceless s Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms alveolar stop voiceless t Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms glottal stop voiceless q Cir Cip Cis Cmr Cmp Cms i u e o a number prefix prefix obligatory root rootnoun obligatory def.case suffix suffix optional root rootadj obligatory root rootnum obligatory root rootdet obligatory root rootpron obligatory question proclitic proclitic optional mode proclitic proclitic optional ta.voice.negation enclitic enclitic optional root rootverb obligatory root rootpp obligatory root rootadv obligatory root rootconj obligatory NOM sing not.def PRES indicative active POS not.Q

o-s-a#-k-a#

V1 V2 noun

Osaka

noun language

h-e

Cir V1 pron

1incl.sing

pron

h-e#

Cir V1 pron

1excl.sing

pron

h-i

Cir V1 pron

2.sing

pron

h-u

Cir V1 pron

3.sing

pron

s-o#

Cir V1 pron

1incl.plur

pron

t-a

Cir V1 pron

1excl.plur

pron

h-o

Cir V1 pron

2.plur

pron

t-i

Cir V1 pron

3.plur

pron

h-i#

Cir V1 verb

all

adj

k-u#

Cir V1 verb

bad

adj

ʔ-u

Cir V1 verb

big

adj

k-e#

Cir V1 verb

black

adj

t-e-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

blind

adj

h-a#-k-i

Cir V2 verb

cold

adj

ʔ-u#-ʔ-e-t-i#

Cir V2 verb

colourless

adj

s-e-s-u#

Cir V2 verb

correct

adj

k-o#-s-i

Cir V2 verb

different

adj

h-a-k-a#

Cir V2 verb

dirty

adj

s-i-ʔ-u

Cir V2 verb

dry

adj

h-i-k-o-s-u

Cir V2 verb

dull

adj

ʔ-o

Cir V1 verb

far

adj

t-o

Cir V1 verb

few

adj

h-e-t-u

Cir V2 verb

full

adj

ʔ-a-s-i-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

furious

adj

t-o#

Cir V1 verb

good

adj

h-e-s-u

Cir V2 verb

green

adj

k-a-t-a

Cir V2 verb

happy

adj

t-u-s-a

Cir V2 verb

heavy

adj

ʔ-u-t-a

Cir V2 verb

large

adj

ʔ-i#

Cir V1 verb

left

adj

h-a

Cir V1 verb

long

adj

k-e

Cir V1 verb

many

adj

h-i-ʔ-a-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

narrow

adj

k-i#

Cir V1 verb

near

adj

ʔ-e#

Cir V1 verb

new

adj

s-a

Cir V1 verb

old

adj not young

s-u

Cir V1 verb

other

adj

k-i#-s-i-k-i

Cir V2 verb

perfect

adj

t-e

Cir V1 verb

red

adj

s-a#

Cir V1 verb

right

adj

h-a-t-i

Cir V2 verb

rotten

adj

t-a-s-i

Cir V2 verb

round

adj

k-i-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

sharp

adj

s-e

Cir V1 verb

short

adj

h-a#-t-u

Cir V2 verb

single

adj

t-u

Cir V1 verb

small

adj

s-a#-t-a#-t-i#

Cir V2 verb

smooth

adj

t-e#

Cir V1 verb

some

adj

h-u#-k-i-s-i

Cir V2 verb

straight

adj

s-a-s-u-k-u

Cir V2 verb

thick

adj

h-i-k-i

Cir V2 verb

thin

adj

h-o-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

warm

adj

k-i-t-i

Cir V2 verb

wet

adj

ʔ-a

Cir V1 verb

white

adj

k-a#

Cir V1 verb

whole

adj

ʔ-e-h-a

Cir V2 verb

wide

adj

ʔ-a-k-i

Cir V2 verb

yellow

adj

s-u#

Cir V1 verb

little

adj

k-a

Cir V1 adv

always

adv

k-u-t-i

Cir V2 adv

furiously

adv

k-i

Cir V1 adv

often

adv

k-o

Cir V1 adv

there

adv

s-i-t-e-t-a

Cir V2 adv

thoroughly

adv

t-i#

Cir V1 conj

and

conj

s-i

Cir V1 conj

because

conj

t-a#

Cir V1 conj

but

conj

k-u

Cir V1 conj

or

conj

ʔ-e

Cir V1 conj

then

conj

t-u-s-e

Cir V1 conj

thus

conj

ʔ-i

Cir V1 det

that

det

s-i#

Cir V1 det

this

det

ʔ-o#

Cir V1 det

yon

det

a#-k-u#-t-a-k-i

V1 V2 noun

bank

noun

a-t-u-k-a-k-a

V1 V2 noun

court

noun

e-ʔ-i-ʔ-u#-s-a

V1 V2 noun

library

noun

a-s-i-k-i-t-i

V V noun

market

noun

u#-k-a-t-a-k-i

V1 V2 noun

medicine

noun

u-t-i-ʔ-i-k-a

V1 V2 noun

religion

noun

i-k-u-ʔ-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

restaurant

noun

e-s-i-k-u-h-i

V V noun

school

noun

i#-ʔ-u-s-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

student

noun

i-k-u-t-a#-t-i

V1 V2 noun

breath

noun

e-s-i

V1 V2 noun

colour

noun

o#-ʔ-i-s-a-k-u

V1 V2 noun

embrace

noun

a#-k-i

V1 V2 noun

fight

noun

a-s-i-t-a

V1 V2 noun

idea

noun

e-ʔ-u-t-i

V1 V2 noun

manner

noun

a-s-a

V1 V2 noun

language

noun

i-t-u

V1 V2 noun

sound

noun

e-s-u-k-u

V1 V2 noun

speech

noun

o-ʔ-u-s-u-s-a

V1 V2 noun

dialect

noun

e-t-i

V1 V2 noun

name

noun

i#-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

animal

noun

u#-t-i

V1 V2 noun

bird

noun

u-t-u

V1 V2 noun

cat

noun

a-s-i

V1 V2 noun

dog

noun

a-t-a

V1 V2 noun

fish

noun

o-s-a-ʔ-i-ʔ-u#

V1 V2 noun

lamb

noun

a-t-i-t-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

lion

noun

a-t-a-k-i-h-i

V1 V2 noun

mammal

noun

u#-ʔ-i-ʔ-i-t-a#

V1 V2 noun

tiger

noun

u#-ʔ-a-ʔ-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

wild boar

noun

u-k-i-t-i#-k-i#

V1 V2 noun

jaguar

noun

o-s-u-t-i#-ʔ-u#

V1 V2 noun

snake

noun

o-ʔ-a-k-u#-s-i#

V1 V2 noun

louse

noun

i-k-u#-h-u-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

mouse

noun

e#-ʔ-u-s-u#-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

worm

noun

e#-s-i

V1 V2 noun

human being

noun

i-k-i#

V1 V2 noun

people

noun

u-s-u

V1 V2 noun

woman

noun

a-t-a#

V1 V2 noun

daughter

noun

u-s-i

V1 V2 noun

girl

noun

a#-k-a

V1 V2 noun

mother

noun

o-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

wife

noun

a-k-i

V1 V2 noun

child

noun young human

o-s-i#

V1 V2 noun

man

noun

o-s-a

V1 V2 noun

boy

noun

o#-k-u

V1 V2 noun

father

noun

a#-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

son

noun

i-ʔ-i#

V1 V2 noun

husband

noun

i-k-a-ʔ-i-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

hunter

noun

e-h-i-s-i-s-i

V V noun

teacher

noun

i-s-a-t-a-k-i

V1 V2 noun

farmer

noun

o#-k-a

V1 V2 noun

friend

noun

e-t-a-k-u-h-i

V1 V2 noun

neighbour

noun

o-ʔ-i-k-i#-h-u#

V1 V2 noun

feather

noun

i#-t-i-t-i-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

wing

noun

u-s-a-t-a#-t-a

V1 V2 noun

horn

noun

i-s-a

V1 V2 noun

road

noun

o-k-u

V1 V2 noun

house

noun

i-t-i-t-a#-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

tower

noun

o-h-i-k-i-t-u#

V1 V2 noun

brick

noun

u-s-u#-h-i#-k-i

V1 V2 noun

bottle

noun

a-k-a-t-a-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

box

noun

e-t-u-k-i

V V noun

book

noun

o-t-u

V1 V2 noun

bed

noun

i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

chair

noun

a-ʔ-a-s-u

V1 V2 noun

table

noun

a-t-u-ʔ-u-t-a

V1 V2 noun

binoculars

noun

o#-t-a-ʔ-u-s-a

V1 V2 noun

machine

noun

i-s-a-ʔ-i-h-a

V1 V2 noun

net

noun

u-k-a-t-u-s-i

V1 V2 noun

umbrella

noun

a#-t-a-k-i-s-u

V1 V2 noun

mortar

noun

o-t-i-s-a

V1 V2 noun

knife

noun

a-t-i-k-i-t-u

V1 V2 noun

rope

noun

u-s-a#

V1 V2 noun

back

noun body part

u#-k-i-k-u-k-a

V1 V2 noun

bosom

noun body part

o-t-i

V1 V2 noun

face

noun

i#-s-i#

V1 V2 noun

foot

noun

e-k-i

V1 V2 noun

hand

noun

e-ʔ-a#

V1 V2 noun

head

noun

u-s-a#-k-u-s-i

V1 V2 noun

knee

noun

i-k-i

V1 V2 noun

leg

noun

i#-s-u

V1 V2 noun

mouth

noun

a-ʔ-i#-s-a-t-a

V1 V2 noun

neck

noun

u#-k-i

V1 V2 noun

skin

noun

u-ʔ-u#-ʔ-a-s-a#

V1 V2 noun

tail

noun

u-k-u-k-u-t-a

V1 V2 noun

anus

noun

a-s-u

V1 V2 noun

bone

noun

e-h-i-ʔ-a#-s-a

V1 V2 noun

fingernail

noun

i-s-u

V1 V2 noun

tooth

noun

i#-s-a-t-a-t-u#

V1 V2 noun

belly

noun

u-t-a-k-a-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

guts

noun

a-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

heart

noun

u#-ʔ-a-ʔ-i-k-i

V1 V2 noun

liver

noun

i#-t-u-h-a-t-i

V1 V2 noun

penis

noun

u-t-u-k-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

vagina

noun

e-ʔ-u-t-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

breast

noun

i-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

ear

noun

o#-s-a

V1 V2 noun

eye

noun

u#-t-a

V1 V2 noun

nose

noun

a-k-a

V1 V2 noun

tongue

noun

u-k-a

V1 V2 noun

hair

noun

a-k-a#

V1 V2 noun

moon

noun

o-k-a

V1 V2 noun

star

noun

i#-ʔ-i#

V1 V2 noun

sun

noun

u-ʔ-a-s-a-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

NN2

noun true

a-s-u-ʔ-a-t-u#

V1 V2 noun

NN4

noun true

a-s-i-s-a

V1 V2 noun

egg

noun

a-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

meat

noun

o-ʔ-a-ʔ-a-t-u

V1 V2 noun

cheese

noun

u#-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

blood

noun

a-ʔ-i#

V1 V2 noun

east

noun

a-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

north

noun

a-t-u

V1 V2 noun

south

noun

a-s-u#

V1 V2 noun

west

noun

i-s-u#

V1 V2 noun

inside

noun

o-s-i

V1 V2 noun

top

noun

i#-k-i

V1 V2 noun

surface

noun

u#-ʔ-i-t-u-t-i#

V1 V2 noun

God

noun true

o-k-a-t-i-h-i#

V1 V2 noun

NN1

noun true

i-s-a-ʔ-a-s-a

V1 V2 noun

NN3

noun true

u-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

sky

noun

e#-h-a

V1 V2 noun

stone

noun

a#-t-u#

V1 V2 noun

earth

noun

u-s-a

V1 V2 noun

land

noun

a#-t-a-ʔ-i-h-u#

V1 V2 noun

mountain

noun

a-k-i#-k-a-h-u

V1 V2 noun

plain

noun

i-ʔ-a-t-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

forest

noun

e-k-u-k-i-t-i

V1 V2 noun

stick

noun

i-k-a

V1 V2 noun

fire

noun

u-s-i-h-i

V1 V2 noun

sea

noun

a-k-a#-t-i#-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

lake

noun

a-ʔ-u#-k-u-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

river

noun

u#-h-a-k-a-s-u

V1 V2 noun

cloud

noun

i-s-i-t-i-h-i

V1 V2 noun

bark

noun on tree

u-s-a#-ʔ-i-s-i

V1 V2 noun

flower

noun

e-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

tree

noun

u-s-i-t-i-t-a

V1 V2 noun

grass

noun

i-t-a#

V1 V2 noun

leaf

noun

i#-s-i

V1 V2 noun

fruit

noun

i#-s-i-ʔ-i-k-u#

V1 V2 noun

root

noun

u#-t-i-ʔ-u-k-u#

V1 V2 noun

seed

noun

o-s-a-ʔ-a#-ʔ-a#

V1 V2 noun

NP1

noun true

a-ʔ-u-ʔ-a-h-i

V1 V2 noun

NP2

noun true

e#-s-i-ʔ-a-s-u#

V1 V2 noun

NP3

noun true

u-s-i-s-u-s-i

V1 V2 noun

apple

noun

a-ʔ-u-s-i-h-i

V1 V2 noun

wheat

noun

i#-s-a#

V1 V2 noun

city

noun

o-k-i-ʔ-u#-t-a#

V1 V2 noun

fat

noun

o-ʔ-i-k-a-t-u

V1 V2 noun

salt

noun

e-s-a-ʔ-i-ʔ-u

V1 V2 noun

ice

noun

e#-h-i-ʔ-a-t-a#

V1 V2 noun

sand

noun

i-ʔ-i-s-a-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

dust

noun

e-s-u-s-i

V V noun

money

noun

i-s-a-t-u#-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

smoke

noun

i#-h-a

V1 V2 noun

day

noun

i-ʔ-u#

V1 V2 noun

night

noun

u-k-u#

V1 V2 noun

time

noun

i-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

year

noun

e-t-a-h-a#-k-a#

V1 V2 noun

faeces

noun

e-ʔ-u-k-a-ʔ-i

V1 V2 noun

urine

noun

i-h-u

V1 V2 noun

water

noun

e-ʔ-a-s-i-t-i#

V1 V2 noun

slime

noun

o-ʔ-i-s-u-k-a

V1 V2 noun

ash

noun

u-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

wind

noun

u#-h-u-h-u#-s-i

V1 V2 noun

fog

noun

u#-k-a

V1 V2 noun

rain

noun

e-h-a-k-a-ʔ-a

V1 V2 noun

snow

noun

t-i-k-e

Cir V1 num

eight

num

h-a#

Cir V1 num

five

num

h-u#

Cir V1 num

four

num

t-u-ʔ-e#

Cir V1 num

hundred

num

t-a-s-i#

Cir V1 num

nine

num

k-o#

Cir V1 num

one

num

ʔ-u-s-e

Cir V1 num

seven

num

ʔ-i-h-a

Cir V1 num

six

num

s-o

Cir V1 num

ten

num

ʔ-i-ʔ-a

Cir V1 num

thousand

num

h-o#

Cir V1 num

three

num

ʔ-u#

Cir V1 num

two

num

k-i-k-i-ʔ-i

Cir V2 pp

COMIT

pp

t-a-k-u-k-i

Cir V2 pp

COMP

pp

t-a-h-i-t-u

Cir V2 pp

INSTR

pp

s-i-ʔ-a-s-i

Cir V2 pp

MANNER

pp

k-a-h-i-ʔ-a

Cir V2 pp

PURP

pp

s-e#

Cir V1 pp

from

pp

ʔ-a#

Cir V1 pp

in

pp

t-u#

Cir V1 pp

to

pp

s-u-s-e

Cir V1 pp

with

pp

k-u#-h-i

Cir V1 pron

she

pron

h-i#-ʔ-a

Cir V1 verb

want

verb

ʔ-a-s-a#-t-a

Cir V2 verb

purpose

verb

k-u-k-a-s-u

Cir V2 verb

blow

verb true

t-i#-s-u

Cir V1 verb

breathe

verb true

s-a-s-a-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

cease

verb true

ʔ-u-h-o

Cir V1 verb

come

verb true

t-i#-s-u-t-u

Cir V2 verb

dig

verb true

s-a-k-u

Cir V1 verb

fall

verb true

s-a-s-i

Cir V1 verb

fight

verb true

ʔ-i-t-a

Cir V1 verb

fly

verb true

s-i-ʔ-u#-s-i

Cir V2 verb

journey

verb true

ʔ-i-s-i

Cir V1 verb

laugh

verb true

k-i-h-u#

Cir V1 verb

lie

verb true

t-a#-ʔ-u

Cir V1 verb

run

verb true

h-i-s-o

Cir V1 verb

sing

verb true

h-a-s-o#

Cir V1 verb

sit

verb true

h-u-s-u

Cir V1 verb

speak

verb true

k-a-k-a#-ʔ-u#

Cir V2 verb

spit

verb true

h-a-t-u

Cir V1 verb

stand

verb true

s-a-ʔ-a#

Cir V2 verb

swim

verb true

k-u-t-o-k-a

Cir V2 verb

vomit

verb true

k-u-ʔ-e

Cir V1 verb

walk

verb true

ʔ-i-k-i-t-i

Cir V2 verb

appear

verb

s-a#-t-a#-t-u

Cir V2 verb

arise

verb

k-u#-ʔ-o

Cir V1 verb

be

verb

h-i-s-i

Cir V1 verb

die

verb

h-i-h-a-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

dwell

verb

s-a-k-e-ʔ-u

Cir V2 verb

evolve

verb

t-a-t-e-k-i

Cir V2 verb

float

verb

h-i-h-e-h-u

Cir V2 verb

flow

verb

ʔ-a#-k-e#-h-a

Cir V2 verb

freeze

verb

ʔ-a-k-o

Cir V1 verb

live

verb

k-a-s-i

Cir V1 verb

sleep

verb

s-e-k-i

Cir V2 verb

smell

verb

t-u#-ʔ-o-s-a

Cir V2 verb

swell

verb

s-u-ʔ-i#

Cir V1 verb

bite

verb true

ʔ-a-t-a

Cir V1 verb

break

verb true

k-u-s-i

Cir V1 verb

build

verb true

ʔ-u-k-a

Cir V1 verb

burn

verb true

ʔ-u#-s-e#

Cir V1 verb

buy

verb true

t-a-k-a#

Cir V1 verb

call

verb true

t-a#-h-e#

Cir V1 verb

catch

verb true

ʔ-u-t-u#-k-a#

Cir V2 verb

chase

verb true

k-i#-ʔ-i#-s-a#

Cir V2 verb

confound

verb true

h-a-k-i#-s-u

Cir V2 verb

copy

verb true

k-u#-t-i

Cir V1 verb

count

verb true

h-a-k-i-t-a

Cir V2 verb

create

verb true

k-u#-ʔ-i

Cir V1 verb

cut

verb true

t-u-t-o

Cir V1 verb

do

verb true

s-i-s-i

Cir V1 verb

drink

verb true

s-u#-k-u

Cir V1 verb

eat

verb true

ʔ-a#-s-o

Cir V1 verb

fear

verb true

k-i-t-a

Cir V1 verb

find

verb true

s-u-k-u

Cir V1 verb

give

verb true

t-i-s-i-h-u

Cir V2 verb

grind

verb true

s-i-h-o-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

hate

verb true

h-u-ʔ-e

Cir V1 verb

have

verb true

ʔ-i-t-o

Cir V1 verb

hear

verb true

k-u-t-u#

Cir V1 verb

hit

verb true

t-u-ʔ-i

Cir V1 verb

hold

verb true

h-i-s-i-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

hunt

verb true

s-u-k-i#

Cir V1 verb

kill

verb true

s-i-ʔ-u-ʔ-i#

Cir V2 verb

kiss

verb true

k-a-ʔ-a

Cir V1 verb

know

verb true

h-u-t-e

Cir V1 verb

love

verb true

k-i-ʔ-o

Cir V1 verb

make

verb true

k-i-s-u-s-i#

Cir V2 verb

pat

verb true

t-i-ʔ-u

Cir V1 verb

play

verb true

s-a-ʔ-o

Cir V1 verb

pull

verb true

k-a-s-o

Cir V1 verb

push

verb true

k-i-ʔ-i#-h-a

Cir V2 verb

resemble

verb true

ʔ-i#-k-o#-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

rub

verb true

ʔ-u-s-e#

Cir V1 verb

say

verb true

t-a-t-a#-ʔ-i

Cir V2 verb

scatter

verb true

k-i-h-a-t-a

Cir V2 verb

scratch

verb true

h-a-t-a

Cir V1 verb

see

verb true

h-i-s-a#-t-u#

Cir V2 verb

sew

verb true

t-a-k-o-k-u#

Cir V2 verb

shape

verb true

t-i-t-o#-k-a

Cir V2 verb

spend_time

verb

s-u-t-u-t-u

Cir V2 verb

split

verb true

h-a-ʔ-i-h-a

Cir V2 verb

squeeze

verb true

h-a-s-i-s-a

Cir V2 verb

stab

verb true

s-i-h-a-s-i

Cir V2 verb

suck

verb true

t-i#-t-u-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

surprise

verb true

t-i-s-a

Cir V1 verb

tell

verb true

h-a-k-u

Cir V1 verb

think

verb true

h-i-t-e

Cir V1 verb

throw

verb true

t-a-h-a-ʔ-a

Cir V2 verb

tie

verb true

k-i-k-u

Cir V1 verb

turn

verb true

s-i-t-o

Cir V1 verb

understand

verb true

s-a-ʔ-i#

Cir V1 verb

wash

verb true

t-i-ʔ-a-t-i

Cir V2 verb

wipe

verb true

h-i-t-u-t-i

Cir V2 verb

withhold

verb true

t-a-ʔ-i

Cir V2 pp

from_above

pp

k-i-k-a

Cir V2 pp

to_above

pp

h-i#-ʔ-i

Cir V2 pp

in_above

pp

s-o-s-a#

Cir V2 pp

from_across

pp

t-e-k-i#

Cir V2 pp

to_across

pp

k-i#-t-i

Cir V2 pp

in_across

pp

h-i-ʔ-u#

Cir V2 pp

from_around

pp

t-i#-k-i

Cir V2 pp

to_around

pp

t-e-s-i

Cir V2 pp

in_around

pp

t-o#-t-i

Cir V2 pp

from_behind

pp

ʔ-i-ʔ-u#

Cir V2 pp

to_behind

pp

t-i-ʔ-i

Cir V2 pp

in_behind

pp

s-o-h-i#

Cir V2 pp

from_in_front

pp

k-o#-t-i

Cir V2 pp

to_in_front

pp

k-e#-ʔ-u

Cir V2 pp

in_in_front

pp

k-a-s-a

Cir V2 pp

from_inside

pp

t-i#-t-u#

Cir V2 pp

to_inside

pp

ʔ-i-t-u

Cir V2 pp

in_inside

pp

h-a-k-u#

Cir V2 pp

from_left

pp

ʔ-a#-s-a

Cir V2 pp

to_left

pp

t-a#-ʔ-a

Cir V2 pp

in_left

pp

k-i-s-a

Cir V2 pp

from_near

pp

k-i-s-i

Cir V2 pp

to_near

pp

k-a-h-u#

Cir V2 pp

in_near

pp

h-u-t-a

Cir V2 pp

from_next_to

pp

h-i#-s-a

Cir V2 pp

to_next_to

pp

ʔ-a-s-i

Cir V2 pp

in_next_to

pp

h-a#-ʔ-i#

Cir V2 pp

from_outside

pp

ʔ-i-t-a#

Cir V2 pp

to_outside

pp

k-e-k-i

Cir V2 pp

in_outside

pp

s-e-s-u

Cir V2 pp

from_right

pp

s-i-k-u#

Cir V2 pp

to_right

pp

ʔ-u-t-i

Cir V2 pp

in_right

pp

t-u#-s-u

Cir V2 pp

from_surface

pp

t-u#-ʔ-a#

Cir V2 pp

to_surface

pp

s-a-k-i

Cir V2 pp

in_surface

pp

h-e#-s-i#

Cir V2 pp

from_under

pp

h-e-t-i

Cir V2 pp

to_under

pp

k-o-s-a

Cir V2 pp

in_under

pp

k

Cip Cip prefix nounnumber prefix

sing

s

Cip Cip prefix nounnumber prefix

plur

t-i-ʔ-a#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.NOM

k-u-t-u

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.GEN

t-i-s-i#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.DAT

s-i-s-u

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.INS

ʔ-a#-ʔ-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.VOC

s-i#-t-u#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.ALL

ʔ-a-ʔ-u#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.LOC

h-a-t-i#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.ABL

s-u-k-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

not.def.PART

s-a-k-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.NOM

ʔ-a-k-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.GEN

s-i-ʔ-i

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.DAT

s-i-t-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.INS

k-i-ʔ-i

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.VOC

k-a-t-i

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.ALL

s-a-t-i

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.LOC

t-i-s-u#

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.ABL

t-i-t-a

Cms V2 suffix noundef.case suffix

def.PART

k-u-ʔ-u

Cip V2 vpquestion proclitic

Q

h-a-k-i

Cip V2 vpquestion proclitic

not.Q

t-a#-k-i

Cip V2 vpmode proclitic

indicative

k-i-s-u

Cip V2 vpmode proclitic

imperative

s-a-s-u#

Cip V2 vpmode proclitic

conditional

h-i#-s-i

Cip V2 vpmode proclitic

optative

ʔ-a-s-u#

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PRES.active.NEG

ʔ-a-t-i

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PRES.active.POS

t-a-s-a#

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PRES.passive.NEG

s-i-s-a

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PRES.passive.POS

t-u-s-i#

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PAST.active.NEG

t-u-t-u

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PAST.active.POS

h-u-s-i

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PAST.passive.NEG

k-a-ʔ-u#

Cis V2 vpta.voice.negation enclitic

PAST.passive.POS

k-u

Cip V2 circumfix s-a Cms V2 circumfix

begin

unknown

k-a#

Cip V2 circumfix s-a Cms V2 circumfix

stop

unknown

t-u

Cip V2 circumfix ʔ-i Cms V2 circumfix

continue

unknown

t-a#

Cip V2 circumfix t-i Cms V2 circumfix

try

unknown

s-u

Cip V2 circumfix t-u Cms V2 circumfix

start

unknown

ʔ

Cip Cip circumfix k-u Cms V2 circumfix

have

unknown

ʔ

Cip Cip circumfix t-u# Cms V2 circumfix

use

unknown

s

Cip Cip circumfix k-a Cms V2 circumfix

see

unknown

s

Cip Cip circumfix t-a Cms V2 circumfix

make

unknown

h

Cip Cip circumfix ʔ-u Cms V2 circumfix

break

unknown

a-ʔ

V2 Cmp circumfix s-i Cms V2 circumfix

little

unknown

i-ʔ

V2 Cmp circumfix k-a# Cms V2 circumfix

big

unknown

i-k

V2 Cmp circumfix t-i Cms V2 circumfix

old

unknown

a-ʔ

V2 Cmp circumfix ʔ-i Cms V2 circumfix

new

unknown

a#-k

V2 Cmp circumfix ʔ-a Cms V2 circumfix

good

unknown

i-k

V2 Cmp circumfix s-a Cms V2 circumfix

bad

unknown

k-u

Cip V2 prefix

s-a

Cms V2 suffix

k-a#

Cip V2 prefix

s-a

Cms V2 suffix

t-u

Cip V2 prefix

ʔ-i

Cms V2 suffix

t-a#

Cip V2 prefix

t-i

Cms V2 suffix

s-u

Cip V2 prefix

t-u

Cms V2 suffix

k-a#

Cip V2 prefix

s-a

Cms V2 suffix

ʔ

Cip Cip prefix

k-u

Cms V2 suffix

ʔ

Cip Cip prefix

t-u#

Cms V2 suffix

s

Cip Cip prefix

k-a

Cms V2 suffix

s

Cip Cip prefix

t-a

Cms V2 suffix

h

Cip Cip prefix

ʔ-u

Cms V2 suffix

a-ʔ

V2 Cmp prefix

s-i

Cms V2 suffix

i-ʔ

V2 Cmp prefix

k-a#

Cms V2 suffix

i-k

V2 Cmp prefix

t-i

Cms V2 suffix

a-ʔ

V2 Cmp prefix

ʔ-i

Cms V2 suffix

a#-k

V2 Cmp prefix

ʔ-a

Cms V2 suffix

i-k

V2 Cmp prefix

s-a

Cms V2 suffix verbverb begin verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbverb continue verb verb verbverb try verb verb verbverb start verb verb verbverb stop verb verb verbobj have noun verb verbobj use noun verb verbobj see noun verb verbobj make noun verb verbobj break noun verb adj little noun noun adj big noun noun adj old noun noun adj new noun noun adj good noun noun adj bad noun noun