A Grammar of Ibime
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Ibime language (the 100th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Ibime.
Typological Profile
It has the highly uncommon basic word order OVS.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Ibime has 20 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.
It has a complete absence of affricates and a modest set of implosive stops.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Ibime. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | postalveolar | lateral | palatal | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | k ɡ | ||||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| fricative | f | s | ʃ | h | |||
| approximant | ʋ | ɾ | j | ||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ |
Vowels
Ibime has 7 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has has a completely boring and uninteresting vowel system.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Ibime. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | u | |
| mid | e | o | |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Ibime has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /u/, /e/ becomes /o/.
Writing System
Introduction
Ibime is normally written using the Devanagari abugida, the script employed for Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi and several other Indo-Aryan languages. This grammar also makes systematic use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to present an exact account of pronunciation.
Devanagari’s syllabic structure differs markedly from the IPA’s segmental approach, so the two notations complement one another: the script shows the organisation of syllables, while the IPA supplies detail on individual sounds.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| अ /a/ | इ /i/ | उ /u/ | ए /e/ |
| ऐ /ai/ | ओ /o/ | औ /au/ | क् /k/ |
| ग् /ɡ/ | ङ् /ŋ/ | ञ् /ɲ/ | त् /t/ |
| द् /d/ | न् /n/ | प् /p/ | ब् /b/ |
| भ् /ɓ/ | म् /m/ | य् /j/ | र् /ɾ/ |
| व् /ʋ/ | ष् /ʃ/ | स् /s/ | ह् /h/ |
| फ़् /f/ | ॾ् /ɗ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Ibime does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Ibime has the following genders:
Gender fem – for instance: अविस ‘seed’, अहप ‘farmer’, अॾब ‘binoculars’, इबिमे ‘Ibime’, इमवि ‘night’, इरमि ‘dry’, इषेवि ‘short’, इसिर ‘day’, उञिदि ‘straight’, उतेर ‘little’, उबिर ‘other’, उबिफ़ि ‘umbrella’, एनेके ‘feather’, एयेपे ‘colourless’, ओपिसि ‘small’, औङिम ‘bone’, औरित ‘good’, औवेते ‘flower’, औसबि ‘tree’, औहेफ़ ‘child’.
Gender masc – for instance: अगरे ‘forest’, अपिभ ‘dust’, अरिगे ‘sea’, असञि ‘man’, अॾर ‘neck’, इदम ‘ash’, इबगि ‘tower’, इभरि ‘face’, इहिव ‘land’, इफ़ेभि ‘father’, उभषे ‘husband’, उमिक ‘bed’, एॾिङि ‘hunter’, ओगसि ‘rain’, ओनभि ‘God’, ओबिमि ‘faeces’, ओबॾे ‘speech’, ओयेसि ‘moon’, ओसिके ‘ear’, ओॾसि ‘chair’.
Gender neut – for instance: अकेमे ‘cat’, अदिपि ‘wing’, अमेक ‘wheat’, अयङे ‘hair’, अविब ‘leaf’, असषि ‘penis’, अॾेस ‘head’, इकञि ‘eye’, इगिदे ‘lion’, इररे ‘apple’, इरेवि ‘louse’, उमेय ‘tiger’, उविब ‘mouse’, उहिबि ‘snake’, एपय ‘book’, ओनिञे ‘back’, ओबरे ‘human being’, ओरङ ‘sound’, औगिॾ ‘worm’, औफ़पे ‘cheese’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Ibime can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> + <pp role="comitative"> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> + </np> + </pp> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/> </np> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for blind/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">|a|n|a|ɗ|i|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋ|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|au|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|e|ɡ|a|d|i|</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|ʋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|e|ɗ|a|f|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">|a|n|a|ɗ|i|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut">|ɾ|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|f|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|au|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|e|ɡ|a|d|i|</word>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|ʋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|e|ɗ|a|f|i|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |a|n|a|ɗ|i|
#-> anaɗi
### |a|n|a|ɗ|i|
#-> anaɗi
### |ŋ|e|
#-> ŋe
### |ŋ|e|
#-> ŋe
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|
#-> uʋuba
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|
#-> uʋuba
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |u|f|-
#-> uf-
### |u|f|-
#-> uf-
### |au|
#-> au
### |au|
#-> au
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|ɡ|a|d|i|
#-> eɡadi
### |e|ɡ|a|d|i|
#-> eɡadi
### |ʋ|i|
#-> ʋi
### |ʋ|i|
#-> ʋi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|f|-
#-> ef-
### |e|f|-
#-> ef-
### |e|ɗ|a|f|i|
#-> eɗafi
### |e|ɗ|a|f|i|
#-> eɗafi
### |f||e|k||a|n|a|ɗ|i| |ŋ|e| |p||u|ɓ||u|ʋ|u|b|a| |ɾ||u|f||au| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɾ|a|b|i| |f||e|k||e|ɡ|a|d|i| |ʋ|i| |f||e|f||e|ɗ|a|f|i|
#-> fekanaɗi ŋe puɓuʋuba ɾufau ɾimameɾabi fekeɡadi ʋi fefeɗafi
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="blind" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" gender="fem">|a|n|a|ɗ|i|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ŋ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="detcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|au|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|e|ɡ|a|d|i|</word>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|ʋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|e|ɗ|a|f|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">anaɗi</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋe</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʋuba</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uf-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">au</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾabi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɡadi</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋi</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ef-</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɗafi</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span></p>
+ <p>fekanaɗi ŋe puɓuʋuba ɾufau ɾimameɾabi fekeɡadi ʋi fefeɗafi</p>
+ <p>फ़ेकनॾि ङे पुभुवुब रुफ़ौ रिममेरबि फ़ेकेगदि वि फ़ेफ़ेॾफ़ि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>anaɗi</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ŋe</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>p-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uʋuba</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>neut</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uf-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>au</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾabi</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɡadi</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʋi</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ef-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɗafi</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fekanaɗi ŋe puɓuʋuba ɾufau ɾimameɾabi fekeɡadi ʋi fefeɗafi#-> fekanaɗi ŋe puɓuʋuba ɾufau ɾimameɾabi fekeɡadi ʋi fefeɗafi
फ़ेकनॾि ङे पुभुवुब रुफ़ौ रिममेरबि फ़ेकेगदि वि फ़ेफ़ेॾफ़ि। [fekanaɗi ŋe puɓuʋuba ɾufau ɾimameɾabi fekeɡadi ʋi fefeɗafi] f- sing ek- NOM anaɗi blind ŋe three p- plur uɓ- ACC uʋuba mouse ɾ- neut uf- ACC au yon ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɾabi catch f- sing ek- NOM eɡadi woman ʋi COMIT f- sing ef- LOC eɗafi knife “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Ibime consists of first, an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising फ़्- /f-/ ‘sing’ and प्- /p-/ ‘plur’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising एक्- /ek-/ ‘NOM’, इभ्- /iɓ-/ ‘ACC’, अव्- /aʋ-/ ‘DAT’, अह्- /ah-/ ‘INS’, इस्- /is-/ ‘VOC’, अप्- /ap-/ ‘ALL’, एफ़्- /ef-/ ‘LOC’, इर्- /iɾ-/ ‘ABL’ and अक्- /ak-/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, the root.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two prefixes, namely इञ्- /iɲ-/ ‘little’ and एञ्- /eɲ-/ ‘big’
The Adjective
In Ibime, the adjective has the following structure: first, an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising प्- /p-/ ‘sing’ and फ़्- /f-/ ‘plur’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising एन्- /en-/ ‘NOM’, इक्- /ik-/ ‘ACC’, अम्- /am-/ ‘DAT’, एग्- /eɡ-/ ‘INS’, एप्- /ep-/ ‘VOC’, एफ़्- /ef-/ ‘ALL’, एत्- /et-/ ‘LOC’, एय्- /ej-/ ‘ABL’ and एब्- /eb-/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, the root.
Numerals
The numeral in Ibime stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Ibime, the determiner has the following structure: first, an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising ग्- /ɡ-/ ‘masc’, य्- /j-/ ‘fem’ and र्- /ɾ-/ ‘neut’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising अन्- /an-/ ‘NOM’, इफ़्- /if-/ ‘ACC’, अब्- /ab-/ ‘DAT’, एय्- /ej-/ ‘INS’, इय्- /ij-/ ‘VOC’, इर्- /iɾ-/ ‘ALL’, अफ़्- /af-/ ‘LOC’, अस्- /as-/ ‘ABL’ and इस्- /is-/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, the root.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Ibime has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising य्- /j-/ ‘sing’ and स्- /s-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> - </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for happy/noun/number/obligatory
calling defaultval for number/
defaultval: noun, number
returning sing
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for happy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|u|m|e|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|u|m|e|</word> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ʋ|o|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|p|o|m|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|a|ɡ|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|u|m|e|j|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|u|m|o|j|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy>
- <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|u|m|e|</word>
+ <word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|u|m|o|</word>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ʋ|o|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|p|o|m|i|</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|p|o|m|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|a|ɡ|a|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|m|o|j|a|
#-> umoja
### |u|m|o|j|a|
#-> umoja
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |u|m|o|
#-> umo
### |u|m|o|
#-> umo
### |ʋ|o|
#-> ʋo
### |ʋ|o|
#-> ʋo
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |p|o|m|u|
#-> pomu
### |p|o|m|u|
#-> pomu
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e|
#-> aɗaɲe
### |a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e|
#-> aɗaɲe
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |s|-
#-> s-
### |a|ɡ|a|
#-> aɡa
### |a|ɡ|a|
#-> aɡa
### |f||u|ɓ||u|m|o|j|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|a|ŋ|i| |s||u|m|o| |ʋ|o| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||p|o|m|u| |f||e|k||a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e| |s||a|ɡ|a|
#-> fuɓumoja ɾimamebaŋi sumo ʋo ɾimamapomu fekaɗaɲe saɡa
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|u|m|o|j|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.plur">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|u|m|o|</word>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj">|ʋ|o|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|p|o|m|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|a|ɗ|a|ɲ|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|s|-</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">|a|ɡ|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umoja</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baŋi</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umo</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋo</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pomu</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aɗaɲe</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">s-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aɡa</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span></p>
+ <p>fuɓumoja ɾimamebaŋi sumo ʋo ɾimamapomu fekaɗaɲe saɡa</p>
+ <p>फ़ुभुमोय रिममेबङि सुमो वो रिममपोमु फ़ेकॾञे सग</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umoja</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>baŋi</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umo</o>
+ <g>1excl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʋo</o>
+ <g>because</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>pomu</o>
+ <g>be</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aɗaɲe</o>
+ <g>happy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>s-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aɡa</o>
+ <g>1incl.plur</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fuɓumoja ɾimamebaŋi sumo ʋo ɾimamapomu fekaɗaɲe saɡa#-> fuɓumoja ɾimamebaŋi sumo ʋo ɾimamapomu fekaɗaɲe saɡa
फ़ुभुमोय रिममेबङि सुमो वो रिममपोमु फ़ेकॾञे सग। [fuɓumoja ɾimamebaŋi sumo ʋo ɾimamapomu fekaɗaɲe saɡa] f- sing uɓ- ACC umoja tiger ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST baŋi kill s- plur umo 1excl.plur ʋo because ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES pomu be f- sing ek- NOM aɗaɲe happy s- plur aɡa 1incl.plur “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.fem/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |j||a|m|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||ɗ|a|m|a| |j||a|d|a|
#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ama</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗama</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ada</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jama ɾimamaɗama jada</p>
+ <p>यम रिममॾम यद</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ama</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗama</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ada</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jama ɾimamaɗama jada#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
यम रिममॾम यद। [jama ɾimamaɗama jada] j- sing ama 3.sing.fem ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES ɗama love j- sing ada 3.sing.masc “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.fem/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |j||a|m|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||ɗ|a|m|a| |j||a|d|a|
#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ama</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗama</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ada</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jama ɾimamaɗama jada</p>
+ <p>यम रिममॾम यद</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ama</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗama</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ada</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jama ɾimamaɗama jada#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
यम रिममॾम यद। [jama ɾimamaɗama jada] j- sing ama 3.sing.fem ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES ɗama love j- sing ada 3.sing.masc “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.fem/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |a|m|a|
#-> ama
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |j||a|m|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||ɗ|a|m|a| |j||a|d|a|
#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|a|d|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ama</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗama</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ada</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p>
+ <p>jama ɾimamaɗama jada</p>
+ <p>यम रिममॾम यद</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ama</o>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗama</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ada</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jama ɾimamaɗama jada#-> jama ɾimamaɗama jada
यम रिममॾम यद। [jama ɾimamaɗama jada] j- sing ama 3.sing.fem ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES ɗama love j- sing ada 3.sing.masc “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Aigama hates Enyidi."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Enyidi" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|e|ɲ|i|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|u|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Aigama" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ai|ɡ|a|m|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |e|ɲ|i|ɗ|i|
#-> eɲiɗi
### |e|ɲ|i|ɗ|i|
#-> eɲiɗi
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |s|u|m|a|
#-> suma
### |s|u|m|a|
#-> suma
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |ai|ɡ|a|m|a|
#-> aiɡama
### |ai|ɡ|a|m|a|
#-> aiɡama
### |f||i|ɓ||e|ɲ|i|ɗ|i| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||s|u|m|a| |f||e|k||ai|ɡ|a|m|a|
#-> fiɓeɲiɗi ɾimamasuma fekaiɡama
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Aigama hates Enyidi.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Enyidi" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|e|ɲ|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|s|u|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Aigama" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|ai|ɡ|a|m|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɲiɗi</span><br><span class="gls">Enyidi</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">suma</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aiɡama</span><br><span class="gls">Aigama</span></span></p>
+ <p>fiɓeɲiɗi ɾimamasuma fekaiɡama</p>
+ <p>फ़िभ्एञिॾि रिममसुम फ़ेक्ऐगम</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɲiɗi</o>
+ <g>Enyidi</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>suma</o>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aiɡama</o>
+ <g>Aigama</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fiɓeɲiɗi ɾimamasuma fekaiɡama#-> fiɓeɲiɗi ɾimamasuma fekaiɡama
फ़िभ्एञिॾि रिममसुम फ़ेक्ऐगम। [fiɓeɲiɗi ɾimamasuma fekaiɡama] f- sing iɓ- ACC eɲiɗi Enyidi ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES suma hate f- sing ek- NOM aiɡama Aigama “Aigama hates Enyidi.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|u|m|e|d|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|u|m|e|d|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|u|m|o|d|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|m|o|d|u|
#-> umodu
### |u|m|o|d|u|
#-> umodu
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |f||o|k||u|m|o|d|u| |f||e|k||i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> fokumodu fekiɾaɾe
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|u|m|o|d|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umodu</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɾaɾe</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>fokumodu fekiɾaɾe</p>
+ <p>फ़ोकुमोदु फ़ेकिररे</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umodu</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɾaɾe</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fokumodu fekiɾaɾe#-> fokumodu fekiɾaɾe
फ़ोकुमोदु फ़ेकिररे [fokumodu fekiɾaɾe] f- sing ok- NOM umodu boy f- sing ek- NOM iɾaɾe apple “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|a|d|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |a|d|a|
#-> ada
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |j||a|d|a| |f||e|k||i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> jada fekiɾaɾe
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">|a|d|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ada</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɾaɾe</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>jada fekiɾaɾe</p>
+ <p>यद फ़ेकिररे</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ada</o>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɾaɾe</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jada fekiɾaɾe#-> jada fekiɾaɾe
यद फ़ेकिररे [jada fekiɾaɾe] j- sing ada 3.sing.masc f- sing ek- NOM iɾaɾe apple “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|i|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |j||i|ɗ|i| |f||e|k||i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> jiɗi fekiɾaɾe
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɾaɾe</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>jiɗi fekiɾaɾe</p>
+ <p>यिॾि फ़ेकिररे</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɾaɾe</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### jiɗi fekiɾaɾe#-> jiɗi fekiɾaɾe
यिॾि फ़ेकिररे [jiɗi fekiɾaɾe] j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing f- sing ek- NOM iɾaɾe apple “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|i|k|i|ʋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|e|b|e|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|i|k|i|ʋ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|e|b|e|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|k|i|ʋ|a|
#-> ikiʋa
### |i|k|i|ʋ|a|
#-> ikiʋa
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |e|b|e|b|i|
#-> ebebi
### |e|b|e|b|i|
#-> ebebi
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |j|u|t|a|
#-> juta
### |j|u|t|a|
#-> juta
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|m|a|ʃ|a|
#-> umaʃa
### |u|m|a|ʃ|a|
#-> umaʃa
### |j||u|t|a| |f||e|k||i|k|i|ʋ|a| |f||i|ɓ||e|b|e|b|i| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||j|u|t|a| |f||e|k||e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i| |f||o|k||u|m|a|ʃ|a|
#-> juta fekikiʋa fiɓebebi ɾimamojuta fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|i|k|i|ʋ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|e|b|e|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="3.sing.fem">|j|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uta</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ikiʋa</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ebebi</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">juta</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɗiŋi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umaʃa</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span></p>
+ <p>juta fekikiʋa fiɓebebi ɾimamojuta fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa</p>
+ <p>युत फ़ेकिकिव फ़िभेबेबि रिममोयुत फ़ेकेॾिङि फ़ोकुमष</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uta</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ikiʋa</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ebebi</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>juta</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɗiŋi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umaʃa</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### juta fekikiʋa fiɓebebi ɾimamojuta fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa#-> juta fekikiʋa fiɓebebi ɾimamojuta fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa
युत फ़ेकिकिव फ़िभेबेबि रिममोयुत फ़ेकेॾिङि फ़ोकुमष। [juta fekikiʋa fiɓebebi ɾimamojuta fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa] j- sing uta 2.sing f- sing ek- NOM ikiʋa neighbour f- sing iɓ- ACC ebebi son ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST juta kiss f- sing ek- NOM eɗiŋi hunter f- sing ok- NOM umaʃa daughter “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
Ibime has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ŋ|i|t|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|ŋ|i|t|a|
#-> iŋita
### |i|ŋ|i|t|a|
#-> iŋita
### |f||e|k||i|ŋ|i|t|a|
#-> fekiŋita
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ŋ|i|t|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iŋita</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p>
+ <p>fekiŋita</p>
+ <p>फ़ेकिङित</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iŋita</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fekiŋita#-> fekiŋita
फ़ेकिङित [fekiŋita] f- sing ek- NOM iŋita lamb “a lamb” | (11) |
In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|i||||ɲ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ŋ|i|t|a|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i||||ɲ|-
#-> iɲ-
### |i||||ɲ|-
#-> iɲ-
### |i|ŋ|i|t|a|
#-> iŋita
### |i|ŋ|i|t|a|
#-> iŋita
### -||||
#-> -
### -||||
#-> -
### |f||e|k||i||||ɲ||i|ŋ|i|t|a|||||
#-> fekiɲiŋita
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">|i||||ɲ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ŋ|i|t|a|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-||||</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɲ-</span><br><span class="gls">little₁</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iŋita</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-</span><br><span class="gls">little₂</span></span></p>
+ <p>fekiɲiŋita</p>
+ <p>फ़ेकिञिङित</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɲ-</o>
+ <g>little₁</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iŋita</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-</o>
+ <g>little₂</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fekiɲiŋita#-> fekiɲiŋita
फ़ेकिञिङित [fekiɲiŋita] f- sing ek- NOM iɲ- little₁ iŋita lamb - little₂ “a little lamb” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an obligatory prefix expressing question, comprising य्- /j-/ ‘Q’ and र्- /ɾ-/ ‘not.Q’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing negation, comprising अ- /a-/ ‘NEG’ and इ- /i-/ ‘POS’; third, an obligatory prefix expressing voice, comprising म्- /m-/ ‘active’ and प्- /p-/ ‘passive’; fourth, an optional prefix expressing mode, comprising अम्- /am-/ ‘indicative’, एन्- /en-/ ‘conditional’ and इत्- /it-/ ‘optative’; fifth, an obligatory prefix expressing ta, comprising अ- /a-/ ‘PRES’ and ए- /e-/ ‘PAST’; and finally, sixth, the root.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two prefixes, namely दि- /di-/ ‘begin’ and पि- /pi-/ ‘stop’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |a|-
#-> a-
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |ɗ|a|m|a|
#-> ɗama
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |j||u|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||a||ɗ|a|m|a| |j||i|ɗ|i|
#-> juta ɾimamaɗama jiɗi
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">|ɗ|a|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uta</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">PRES</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗama</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>juta ɾimamaɗama jiɗi</p>
+ <p>युत रिममॾम यिॾि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uta</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>a-</o>
+ <g>PRES</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗama</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### juta ɾimamaɗama jiɗi#-> juta ɾimamaɗama jiɗi
युत रिममॾम यिॾि। [juta ɾimamaɗama jiɗi] j- sing uta 2.sing ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative a- PRES ɗama love j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|m|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">|u|ʃ|a|ɓ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">|u|ʃ|a|ɓ|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|o|f|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">|u|ʃ|a|ɓ|u|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |m|a|#-> ma
### |m|a|
#-> ma
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|f|-
#-> of-
### |o|f|-
#-> of-
### |u|ʃ|a|ɓ|u|
#-> uʃaɓu
### |u|ʃ|a|ɓ|u|
#-> uʃaɓu
### |m|a| |f||o|f||u|ʃ|a|ɓ|u|
#-> ma fofuʃaɓu
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|m|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|o|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">|u|ʃ|a|ɓ|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">of-</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʃaɓu</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span></p>
+ <p>ma fofuʃaɓu</p>
+ <p>म फ़ोफ़ुषभु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ma</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>of-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uʃaɓu</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ma fofuʃaɓu#-> ma fofuʃaɓu
म फ़ोफ़ुषभु [ma fofuʃaɓu] ma in_surface f- sing of- LOC uʃaɓu table “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɗ|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|u|s|a|f|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɗ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|e|f|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|u|s|a|f|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|o|f|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|u|s|a|f|u|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |ɗ|e|#-> ɗe
### |ɗ|e|
#-> ɗe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|f|-
#-> of-
### |o|f|-
#-> of-
### |u|s|a|f|u|
#-> usafu
### |u|s|a|f|u|
#-> usafu
### |ɗ|e| |f||o|f||u|s|a|f|u|
#-> ɗe fofusafu
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɗ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="LOC">|o|f|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">|u|s|a|f|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗe</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">of-</span><br><span class="gls">LOC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">usafu</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɗe fofusafu</p>
+ <p>ॾे फ़ोफ़ुसफ़ु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗe</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>of-</o>
+ <g>LOC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>usafu</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɗe fofusafu#-> ɗe fofusafu
ॾे फ़ोफ़ुसफ़ु [ɗe fofusafu] ɗe to_inside f- sing of- LOC usafu box “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|ʋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">|i|ɗ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ʋ|i|#-> ʋi
### |ʋ|i|
#-> ʋi
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |ʋ|i| |j||i|ɗ|i|
#-> ʋi jiɗi
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|ʋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋi</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ʋi jiɗi</p>
+ <p>वि यिॾि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ʋi</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ʋi jiɗi#-> ʋi jiɗi
वि यिॾि [ʋi jiɗi] ʋi COMIT j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Ibime has Object–Verb–Subject (OVS) as its basic constituent order. Clauses begin with the object, followed by the verb, with the subject in final position. This is a rare but attested configuration in the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Ibime.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|u|t|a|k|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|u|t|a|k|a|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|t|a|k|a|
#-> utaka
### |u|t|a|k|a|
#-> utaka
### |f||i|ɓ||e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|a|ŋ|i| |f||o|k||u|t|a|k|a|
#-> fiɓeɗiŋi ɾimamebaŋi fokutaka
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|u|t|a|k|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɗiŋi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baŋi</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">utaka</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span></p>
+ <p>fiɓeɗiŋi ɾimamebaŋi fokutaka</p>
+ <p>फ़िभेॾिङि रिममेबङि फ़ोकुतक</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɗiŋi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>baŋi</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>utaka</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fiɓeɗiŋi ɾimamebaŋi fokutaka#-> fiɓeɗiŋi ɾimamebaŋi fokutaka
फ़िभेॾिङि रिममेबङि फ़ोकुतक। [fiɓeɗiŋi ɾimamebaŋi fokutaka] f- sing iɓ- ACC eɗiŋi hunter ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST baŋi kill f- sing ok- NOM utaka jaguar “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|u|f|e|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|u|f|e|ɗ|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|u|f|o|ɗ|u|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|m|a|ʃ|a|
#-> umaʃa
### |u|m|a|ʃ|a|
#-> umaʃa
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|f|o|ɗ|u|
#-> ufoɗu
### |u|f|o|ɗ|u|
#-> ufoɗu
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |i|ɡ|i|d|e|
#-> iɡide
### |i|ɡ|i|d|e|
#-> iɡide
### |f||e|k||e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i| |f||o|k||u|m|a|ʃ|a| |f||u|ɓ||u|f|o|ɗ|u| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|e|b|e| |f||e|k||i|ɡ|i|d|e|
#-> fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa fuɓufoɗu ɾimamebebe fekiɡide
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">|u|m|a|ʃ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|u|f|o|ɗ|u|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɗiŋi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umaʃa</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ufoɗu</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bebe</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɡide</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span></p>
+ <p>fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa fuɓufoɗu ɾimamebebe fekiɡide</p>
+ <p>फ़ेकेॾिङि फ़ोकुमष फ़ुभुफ़ोॾु रिममेबेबे फ़ेकिगिदे</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɗiŋi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umaʃa</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ufoɗu</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bebe</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɡide</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa fuɓufoɗu ɾimamebebe fekiɡide#-> fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa fuɓufoɗu ɾimamebebe fekiɡide
फ़ेकेॾिङि फ़ोकुमष फ़ुभुफ़ोॾु रिममेबेबे फ़ेकिगिदे। [fekeɗiŋi fokumaʃa fuɓufoɗu ɾimamebebe fekiɡide] f- sing ek- NOM eɗiŋi hunter f- sing ok- NOM umaʃa daughter f- sing uɓ- ACC ufoɗu dog ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST bebe eat f- sing ek- NOM iɡide lion “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Ibime reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Ibime expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">|e|b|e|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|o|m|e|ɓ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|e|p|a|j|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">|e|b|e|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|o|m|e|ɓ|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|o|m|o|ɓ|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|e|p|a|j|a|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |j|-#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |u|t|a|
#-> uta
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|b|e|b|i|
#-> ebebi
### |e|b|e|b|i|
#-> ebebi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|m|o|ɓ|u|
#-> omoɓu
### |o|m|o|ɓ|u|
#-> omoɓu
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|p|a|j|a|
#-> epaja
### |e|p|a|j|a|
#-> epaja
### |j||u|t|a| |f||e|k||e|b|e|b|i| |f||o|k||o|m|o|ɓ|u| |f||e|k||e|p|a|j|a|
#-> juta fekebebi fokomoɓu fekepaja
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">|e|b|e|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">|o|m|o|ɓ|u|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">|e|p|a|j|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uta</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ebebi</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">omoɓu</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">epaja</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span></p>
+ <p>juta fekebebi fokomoɓu fekepaja</p>
+ <p>युत फ़ेकेबेबि फ़ोकोमोभु फ़ेकेपय</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uta</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ebebi</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>omoɓu</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>epaja</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### juta fekebebi fokomoɓu fekepaja#-> juta fekebebi fokomoɓu fekepaja
युत फ़ेकेबेबि फ़ोकोमोभु फ़ेकेपय [juta fekebebi fokomoɓu fekepaja] j- sing uta 2.sing f- sing ek- NOM ebebi son f- sing ok- NOM omoɓu friend f- sing ek- NOM epaja book “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatoryGot plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|t|a|k|a|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|m|e|j|a|</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|t|a|k|a|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|m|e|j|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|m|o|j|a|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |p|-#-> p-
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|t|a|k|a|
#-> utaka
### |u|t|a|k|a|
#-> utaka
### |t|e|
#-> te
### |t|e|
#-> te
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|m|o|j|a|
#-> umoja
### |u|m|o|j|a|
#-> umoja
### |t|e|
#-> te
### |t|e|
#-> te
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |p|-
#-> p-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɡ|i|d|e|
#-> iɡide
### |i|ɡ|i|d|e|
#-> iɡide
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |b|a|ŋ|i|
#-> baŋi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> eɗiŋi
### |p||u|ɓ||u|t|a|k|a| |t|e| |p||u|ɓ||u|m|o|j|a| |t|e| |p||i|ɓ||i|ɡ|i|d|e| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|a|ŋ|i| |f||e|k||e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|
#-> puɓutaka te puɓumoja te piɓiɡide ɾimamebaŋi fekeɗiŋi
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|t|a|k|a|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|u|m|o|j|a|</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|p|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|i|ɡ|i|d|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.neut" subj="3.sing.masc">|b|a|ŋ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|e|ɗ|i|ŋ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">utaka</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umoja</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɡide</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baŋi</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɗiŋi</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p>
+ <p>puɓutaka te puɓumoja te piɓiɡide ɾimamebaŋi fekeɗiŋi</p>
+ <p>पुभुतक ते पुभुमोय ते पिभिगिदे रिममेबङि फ़ेकेॾिङि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>p-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>utaka</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>te</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>p-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umoja</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>te</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>p-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɡide</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>baŋi</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>eɗiŋi</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### puɓutaka te puɓumoja te piɓiɡide ɾimamebaŋi fekeɗiŋi#-> puɓutaka te puɓumoja te piɓiɡide ɾimamebaŋi fekeɗiŋi
पुभुतक ते पुभुमोय ते पिभिगिदे रिममेबङि फ़ेकेॾिङि। [puɓutaka te puɓumoja te piɓiɡide ɾimamebaŋi fekeɗiŋi] p- plur uɓ- ACC utaka jaguar te and p- plur uɓ- ACC umoja tiger te and p- plur iɓ- ACC iɡide lion ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST baŋi kill f- sing ek- NOM eɗiŋi hunter “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (20) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Ibime provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Ibime forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |a|k|e|m|e|
#-> akeme
### |a|k|e|m|e|
#-> akeme
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |f||i|ɓ||a|k|e|m|e| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||ɲ|o|ɗ|a| |j||i|ɗ|i|
#-> fiɓakeme ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">akeme</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲoɗa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>fiɓakeme ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi</p>
+ <p>फ़िभकेमे रिममोञोॾ यिॾि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>akeme</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲoɗa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### fiɓakeme ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi#-> fiɓakeme ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi
फ़िभकेमे रिममोञोॾ यिॾि। [fiɓakeme ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi] f- sing iɓ- ACC akeme cat ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST ɲoɗa pat j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing “I patted the cat.” | (21) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |ɾ|-#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|
#-> uʋuba
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|
#-> uʋuba
### |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||ɲ|o|ɗ|a| |j||i|ɗ|i| |f||e|k||a|k|e|m|e|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɾ|a|b|i| |f||u|ɓ||u|ʋ|u|b|a|
#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fuɓuʋuba
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲoɗa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">akeme,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾabi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʋuba</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fuɓuʋuba</p>
+ <p>रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ुभुवुब</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲoɗa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>akeme,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾabi</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uʋuba</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fuɓuʋuba#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fuɓuʋuba
रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ुभुवुब। [ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fuɓuʋuba] ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST ɲoɗa pat j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing f- sing ek- NOM akeme, cat j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɾabi catch f- sing uɓ- ACC uʋuba mouse “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|au|f|a|p|e|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|au|f|a|p|e|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|au|f|a|p|o|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |ɾ|-#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|,
#-> uʋuba,
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|,
#-> uʋuba,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |u|ɓ|-
#-> uɓ-
### |au|f|a|p|o|
#-> aufapo
### |au|f|a|p|o|
#-> aufapo
### |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||ɲ|o|ɗ|a| |j||i|ɗ|i| |f||e|k||a|k|e|m|e|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɾ|a|b|i| |f||o|k||u|ʋ|u|b|a|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|e|b|e| |f||u|ɓ||au|f|a|p|o|
#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fuɓaufapo
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|u|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" comma="after">|au|f|a|p|o|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲoɗa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">akeme,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾabi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʋuba,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bebe</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aufapo</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fuɓaufapo</p>
+ <p>रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ोकुवुब, यौत रिममेबेबे फ़ुभौफ़पो</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲoɗa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>akeme,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾabi</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uʋuba,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bebe</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aufapo</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fuɓaufapo#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fuɓaufapo
रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ोकुवुब, यौत रिममेबेबे फ़ुभौफ़पो। [ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fuɓaufapo] ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST ɲoɗa pat j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing f- sing ek- NOM akeme, cat j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɾabi catch f- sing ok- NOM uʋuba, mouse j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST bebe eat f- sing uɓ- ACC aufapo cheese “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (23) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </s> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|au|f|a|p|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|ai|t|e|</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|i|ɗ|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|i|b|a|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|au|f|a|p|e|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|au|f|a|p|o|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|ai|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |ɾ|-#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |ɲ|o|ɗ|a|
#-> ɲoɗa
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |e|k|-
#-> ek-
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |a|k|e|m|e|,
#-> akeme,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |ɾ|a|b|i|
#-> ɾabi
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|,
#-> uʋuba,
### |u|ʋ|u|b|a|,
#-> uʋuba,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |b|e|b|e|
#-> bebe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |au|f|a|p|o|,
#-> aufapo,
### |au|f|a|p|o|,
#-> aufapo,
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |au|t|a|
#-> auta
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɲ|ai|t|e|
#-> ɲaite
### |ɲ|ai|t|e|
#-> ɲaite
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |j|-
#-> j-
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |i|ɗ|i|
#-> iɗi
### |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||ɲ|o|ɗ|a| |j||i|ɗ|i| |f||e|k||a|k|e|m|e|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɾ|a|b|i| |f||o|k||u|ʋ|u|b|a|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||b|e|b|e| |f||o|k||au|f|a|p|o|, |j||au|t|a| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɲ|ai|t|e| |j||i|ɗ|i|
#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fokaufapo, jauta ɾimameɲaite jiɗi
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|o|ɗ|a|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|a|k|e|m|e|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|ɾ|a|b|i|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|u|ʋ|u|b|a|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.neut">|b|e|b|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|au|f|a|p|o|</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">|au|f|a|p|o|,</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="neut">|au|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" subj="1excl.sing">|ɲ|ai|t|e|</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|j|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">|i|ɗ|i|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲoɗa</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ek-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">akeme,</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾabi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʋuba,</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bebe</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aufapo,</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auta</span><br><span class="gls">RELPRON</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaite</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">j-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɗi</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fokaufapo, jauta ɾimameɲaite jiɗi</p>
+ <p>रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ोकुवुब, यौत रिममेबेबे फ़ोकौफ़पो, यौत रिममेञैते यिॾि</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲoɗa</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ek-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>akeme,</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾabi</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>uʋuba,</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>bebe</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aufapo,</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>auta</o>
+ <g>RELPRON</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɲaite</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>j-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɗi</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fokaufapo, jauta ɾimameɲaite jiɗi#-> ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fokaufapo, jauta ɾimameɲaite jiɗi
रिममोञोॾ यिॾि फ़ेककेमे, यौत रिममेरबि फ़ोकुवुब, यौत रिममेबेबे फ़ोकौफ़पो, यौत रिममेञैते यिॾि। [ɾimamoɲoɗa jiɗi fekakeme, jauta ɾimameɾabi fokuʋuba, jauta ɾimamebebe fokaufapo, jauta ɾimameɲaite jiɗi] ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST ɲoɗa pat j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing f- sing ek- NOM akeme, cat j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɾabi catch f- sing ok- NOM uʋuba, mouse j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST bebe eat f- sing ok- NOM aufapo, cheese j- sing auta RELPRON ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɲaite buy j- sing iɗi 1excl.sing “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (24) |
Complementation Strategies
Ibime marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2noun: No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module NRel: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
NOT IMPLEMENTEDmodule subordinate: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - </subs> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ai|d|e|f|e|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|o|s|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|a|n|i|s|i|</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɾ|a|ɓ|e|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|u|m|e|d|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ai|d|e|f|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|o|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|a|n|i|s|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɾ|a|ɓ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|e|k|-</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|u|m|e|d|i|</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|u|m|o|d|u|</word>
</flat>
</example>
### |f|-#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |a|ʋ|-
#-> aʋ-
### |a|ʋ|-
#-> aʋ-
### |ai|d|e|f|e|
#-> aidefe
### |ai|d|e|f|e|
#-> aidefe
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |o|-
#-> o-
### |ɗ|o|s|a|
#-> ɗosa
### |ɗ|o|s|a|
#-> ɗosa
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɓ|-
#-> iɓ-
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|
#-> iɾaɾe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |a|ʋ|-
#-> aʋ-
### |a|ʋ|-
#-> aʋ-
### |a|n|i|s|i|
#-> anisi
### |a|n|i|s|i|
#-> anisi
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |ɾ|-
#-> ɾ-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |i|-
#-> i-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |m|-
#-> m-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |a|m|-
#-> am-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |e|-
#-> e-
### |ɾ|a|ɓ|e|
#-> ɾaɓe
### |ɾ|a|ɓ|e|
#-> ɾaɓe
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |f|-
#-> f-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |o|k|-
#-> ok-
### |u|m|o|d|u|
#-> umodu
### |u|m|o|d|u|
#-> umodu
### |f||a|ʋ||ai|d|e|f|e| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||o||ɗ|o|s|a| |f||i|ɓ||i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e| |f||a|ʋ||a|n|i|s|i| |ɾ||i||m||a|m||e||ɾ|a|ɓ|e| |f||o|k||u|m|o|d|u|
#-> faʋaidefe ɾimamoɗosa fiɓiɾaɾe faʋanisi ɾimameɾaɓe fokumodu
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|ai|d|e|f|e|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|o|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɗ|o|s|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|i|ɓ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|i|ɾ|a|ɾ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|a|ʋ|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|a|n|i|s|i|</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">|ɾ|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">|i|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">|a|m|-</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">|e|-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.neut" indobj="3.sing.fem" subj="3.sing.masc">|ɾ|a|ɓ|e|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|f|-</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">|o|k|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|u|m|o|d|u|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aʋ-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aidefe</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗosa</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɓ-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɾaɾe</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aʋ-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">anisi</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾ-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">i-</span><br><span class="gls">POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">m-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">am-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">PAST</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaɓe</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ok-</span><br><span class="gls">NOM</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">umodu</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span></p>
+ <p>faʋaidefe ɾimamoɗosa fiɓiɾaɾe faʋanisi ɾimameɾaɓe fokumodu</p>
+ <p>फ़वैदेफ़े रिममोॾोस फ़िभिररे फ़वनिसि रिममेरभे फ़ोकुमोदु</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aʋ-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aidefe</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>o-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɗosa</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɓ-</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>iɾaɾe</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>aʋ-</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>anisi</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾ-</o>
+ <g>not.Q</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>i-</o>
+ <g>POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>m-</o>
+ <g>active</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>am-</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>e-</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ɾaɓe</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>f-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ok-</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>umodu</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### faʋaidefe ɾimamoɗosa fiɓiɾaɾe faʋanisi ɾimameɾaɓe fokumodu#-> faʋaidefe ɾimamoɗosa fiɓiɾaɾe faʋanisi ɾimameɾaɓe fokumodu
फ़वैदेफ़े रिममोॾोस फ़िभिररे फ़वनिसि रिममेरभे फ़ोकुमोदु। [faʋaidefe ɾimamoɗosa fiɓiɾaɾe faʋanisi ɾimameɾaɓe fokumodu] f- sing aʋ- DAT aidefe teacher ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative o- PAST ɗosa surprise f- sing iɓ- ACC iɾaɾe apple f- sing aʋ- DAT anisi girl ɾ- not.Q i- POS m- active am- indicative e- PAST ɾaɓe give f- sing ok- NOM umodu boy “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (25) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Ibime / Ibime–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/326YX
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Ibime. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 29 April 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/326YX
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-326YX,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Ibime}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/326YX}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 29 April 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.06 seconds.