A Grammar of Gaud
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Gaud language (the 295th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Gaud.
Typological Profile
It has not just singular and plural, but also dual, as well as the VSO basic order, common globally but unusual in many families and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Gaud has a large consonant inventory, comprising 36 phonemes.
It has a richly developed set of pharyngealised consonants, a conspicuous absence of approximants, a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions and a markedly rich set of labial consonants.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Gaud. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | phar. labial | dental | phar. dental | alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | palatal | velar | phar. velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | pˤ bˤ | d t | dˤ tˤ | k ɡ | kˤ ɡˤ | |||||
| ejective stop | tʼ | tˤʼ | kʼ | kˤʼ | |||||||
| nasal | m | mˤ | n | nˤ | ɲ | ||||||
| fricative | f | fˤ | s z | sˤ zˤ | ʃ ʒ | h | |||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | ||||||||||
| click | ᵏǀ | ᵏǀˤ | |||||||||
| ejective click | ᵏǀʼ | ᵏǀˤʼ |
Vowels
Gaud has 12 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.
It has a triangular vowel system with few low vowels, front rounded vowels (these are cross-linguistically relatively uncommon, but occur in a number of well-known languages, including French, German, Turkish and Mandarin) and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Gaud. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front unrounded | front rounded | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | y | u | |
| mid | ə | |||
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Gaud has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /u/ becomes /y/.
Writing System
Introduction
Gaud is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.
The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| ə /ə/ | ə̰ /ə̰/ | а /a/ | а’ /a̰/ |
| б /b/ | г /h/ | д /d/ | ж /ʒ/ |
| з /z/ | и /i/ | и’ /ḭ/ | к /k/ |
| м /m/ | н /n/ | п /p/ | с /s/ |
| т /t/ | у /u/ | у’ /ṵ/ | ф /f/ |
| ч /t͡ʃ/ | ш /ʃ/ | њ /ɲ/ | ґ /ɡ/ |
| ү /y/ | ү’ /y̰/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| əː /əː/ | аа /aː/ | ай /ai/ |
| аў /au/ | бъ /bˤ/ | дъ /dˤ/ |
| зъ /zˤ/ | ии /iː/ | къ /kʼ, kˤ/ |
| къъ /kʼˤ/ | мъ /mˤ/ | нъ /nˤ/ |
| пъ /pˤ/ | съ /sˤ/ | тъ /tʼ, tˤ/ |
| тъъ /tʼˤ/ | уу /uː/ | фъ /fˤ/ |
| ҁт /ᵏǀ/ | ҁтъ /ᵏǀʼ, ᵏǀˤ/ | ҁтъъ /ᵏǀʼˤ/ |
| ґъ /ɡˤ/ | үү /yː/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Gaud distinguishes singular, dual and plural.
Gender
Gaud does not have genders or noun classes.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Gaud can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|ə̰|ˈ|d|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|ˈ|fˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|dˤ|əː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">|ᵏǀʼˤ|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|ṵ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|ə̰|ˈ|d|
#-> ˈdə̰d
### |d|ə̰|ˈ|d|
#-> ˈdə̰d
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |t|i|ˈ|fˤ|
#-> ˈtifˤ
### |t|i|ˈ|fˤ|
#-> ˈtifˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |dˤ|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdˤəː
### |dˤ|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdˤəː
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤə
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤə
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |a|ˈ|
#-> ˈa
### |a|ˈ|
#-> ˈa
### |m|ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈmṵ
### |m|ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈmṵ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|a| |kʼ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|ə̰|ˈ|d||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |t|i|ˈ|fˤ||i|s||ḭ| |dˤ|əː|ˈ| |ᵏǀʼˤ|ə|ˈ| |t͡ʃ||a|ˈ| |m|ṵ|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||i|s||u| |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdə̰disḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtifˤisḭ ˈdˤəː ˈᵏǀʼˤə ˈt͡ʃa ˈmṵ ˈbˤazˤisu ˈfˤuː
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|ə̰|ˈ|d|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t|i|ˈ|fˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|dˤ|əː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">|ᵏǀʼˤ|ə|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|a|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|m|ṵ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼyː</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdə̰d</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtifˤ</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤəː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀʼˤə</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈa</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmṵ</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdə̰disḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtifˤisḭ ˈdˤəː ˈᵏǀʼˤə ˈt͡ʃa ˈmṵ ˈbˤazˤisu ˈfˤuː</p>
+ <p>нъа къүү зу’ нъүү дə̰диси’ нъүү тифъиси’ дъəː ҁтъъə ча му’ бъазъису фъуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼyː</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdə̰d</o>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtifˤ</o>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdˤəː</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀʼˤə</o>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈa</o>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmṵ</o>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdə̰disḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtifˤisḭ ˈdˤəː ˈᵏǀʼˤə ˈt͡ʃa ˈmṵ ˈbˤazˤisu ˈfˤuː#-> nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdə̰disḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtifˤisḭ ˈdˤəː ˈᵏǀʼˤə ˈt͡ʃa ˈmṵ ˈbˤazˤisu ˈfˤuː
Нъа къүү зу’ нъүү дə̰диси’ нъүү тифъиси’ дъəː ҁтъъə ча му’ бъазъису фъуу. [nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdə̰disḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtifˤisḭ ˈdˤəː ˈᵏǀʼˤə ˈt͡ʃa ˈmṵ ˈbˤazˤisu ˈfˤuː] nˤa PAST ˈkʼyː catch zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdə̰d woman -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈtifˤ knife -is NOM -ḭ sing ˈdˤəː COMIT ˈᵏǀʼˤə blind t͡ʃ- plur ˈa yon ˈmṵ three ˈbˤazˤ mouse -is NOM -u plur ˈfˤuː COMP “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There is one type of clitic in the nominal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing possessor. a clitic expressing possessor, comprising чии /t͡ʃiː/ ‘1incl.sing’, съаа /sˤaː/ ‘1excl.sing’, ҁтъуу /ᵏǀʼuː/ ‘2.sing’, фъу’ /fˤṵ/ ‘3.sing’, дъу’ /dˤṵ/ ‘1incl.dual’, на’ /na̰/ ‘1excl.dual’, къи /kʼi/ ‘2.dual’, су /su/ ‘3.dual’, ка /ka/ ‘1incl.plur’, ки /ki/ ‘1excl.plur’, фу /fu/ ‘2.plur’ and къуу /kʼuː/ ‘3.plur’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Gaud.
The Noun
The noun in Gaud consists of first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -ис /-is/ ‘NOM’, -уфъ /-ufˤ/ ‘ACC’, -иисъ /-iːsˤ/ ‘GEN’, -итъ /-itˤ/ ‘DAT’, -иж /-iʒ/ ‘INS’, -уукъъ /-uːkʼˤ/ ‘VOC’, -уг /-uh/ ‘ALL’, -и’нъ /-ḭnˤ/ ‘LOC’, -атъъ /-atʼˤ/ ‘ABL’ and -аатъъ /-aːtʼˤ/ ‘PART’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -и’ /-ḭ/ ‘sing’, -а /-a/ ‘dual’ and -у /-u/ ‘plur’.
The Adjective
In Gaud, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -у /-u/ ‘sing’, -и /-i/ ‘dual’ and -у’ /-ṵ/ ‘plur’.
Numerals
The numeral in Gaud stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Gaud, the determiner has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising нъ- /nˤ-/ ‘sing’, пъ- /pˤ-/ ‘dual’ and ч- /t͡ʃ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Gaud has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing number, comprising зъ- /zˤ-/ ‘sing’, з- /z-/ ‘dual’ and пъ- /pˤ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.
In Gaud, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|#-> ˈnə̰
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈnə̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |n|ə̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |zˤ||y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnə̰</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈymˤyː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː</p> + <p>нə̰ зу’ зъүмъүү</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈnə̰</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zṵ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈymˤyː</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː
Нə̰ зу’ зъүмъүү. [ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː] ˈnə̰ love zṵ indicative zˤ- sing ˈymˤyː 3.sing “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|#-> ˈnə̰
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈnə̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |n|ə̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |zˤ||y|ˈ|mˤ|yː| |zˤ||y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː ˈzˤymˤyː
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnə̰</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈymˤyː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈymˤyː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː ˈzˤymˤyː</p> + <p>нə̰ зу’ зъүмъүү зъүмъүү</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈnə̰</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zṵ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈymˤyː</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈymˤyː</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː ˈzˤymˤyː
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː ˈzˤymˤyː
Нə̰ зу’ зъүмъүү зъүмъүү. [ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤymˤyː ˈzˤymˤyː] ˈnə̰ love zṵ indicative zˤ- sing ˈymˤyː 3.sing zˤ- sing ˈymˤyː 3.sing “He loves her.” | (3) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Naib hates Tug."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|tʼˤ|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Naib" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|nˤ|ai|ˈ|bˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tug" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|tˤ|uː|ˈ|ɡˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |tʼˤ|a|ˈ|#-> ˈtʼˤa
### |tʼˤ|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈtʼˤa
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |nˤ|ai|ˈ|bˤ|
#-> ˈnˤaibˤ
### |nˤ|ai|ˈ|bˤ|
#-> ˈnˤaibˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |tˤ|uː|ˈ|ɡˤ|
#-> ˈtˤuːɡˤ
### |tˤ|uː|ˈ|ɡˤ|
#-> ˈtˤuːɡˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |tʼˤ|a|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |nˤ|ai|ˈ|bˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |tˤ|uː|ˈ|ɡˤ||u|fˤ||ḭ|
#-> ˈtʼˤa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤaibˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtˤuːɡˤufˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Naib hates Tug."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|tʼˤ|a|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="Naib" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|nˤ|ai|ˈ|bˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="Tug" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" propernoun="yes">|tˤ|uː|ˈ|ɡˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtʼˤa</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnˤaibˤ</span><br><span class="gls">Naib</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtˤuːɡˤ</span><br><span class="gls">Tug</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈtʼˤa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤaibˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtˤuːɡˤufˤḭ</p> + <p>тъъа зу’ нъүү Нъайбъиси’ нъүү Тъууґъуфъи’</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈtʼˤa</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zṵ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnˤaibˤ</o> + <g>Naib</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-is</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtˤuːɡˤ</o> + <g>Tug</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ufˤ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈtʼˤa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤaibˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtˤuːɡˤufˤḭ
#-> ˈtʼˤa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤaibˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtˤuːɡˤufˤḭ
Тъъа зу’ нъүү Нъайбъиси’ нъүү Тъууґъуфъи’. [ˈtʼˤa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤaibˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈtˤuːɡˤufˤḭ] ˈtʼˤa hate zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈnˤaibˤ Naib -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈtˤuːɡˤ Tug -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing “Naib hates Tug.” | (4) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s||i|s||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤiniːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀʼˤin</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤəs</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤiniːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ</p>
+ <p>нъүү ҁтъъиниисъи’ нъүү съəсиси’ фъу’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀʼˤin</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsˤəs</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤiniːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ#-> ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤiniːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ
нъүү ҁтъъиниисъи’ нъүү съəсиси’ фъу’ [ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤiniːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ] nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈᵏǀʼˤin boy -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈsˤəs apple -is NOM -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS “the boy’s apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|uː|</word>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |zˤ|-#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|
#-> ˈymˤyː
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |zˤ||y|ˈ|mˤ|yː| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s||i|s||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> ˈzˤymˤyː ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|y|ˈ|mˤ|yː|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈymˤyː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤəs</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈzˤymˤyː ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ</p>
+ <p>зъүмъүү нъүү съəсиси’ фъу’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>zˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈymˤyː</o>
+ <g>3.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsˤəs</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈzˤymˤyː ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ#-> ˈzˤymˤyː ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ
зъүмъүү нъүү съəсиси’ фъу’ [ˈzˤymˤyː ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ fˤṵ] zˤ- sing ˈymˤyː 3.sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈsˤəs apple -is NOM -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS “his (the boy’s) apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|sˤ|aː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |sˤ|aː|
#-> sˤaː
### |sˤ|aː|
#-> sˤaː
### |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s||i|s||ḭ| |sˤ|aː|
#-> ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ sˤaː
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="1excl.sing" case="NOM">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.POSS">|sˤ|aː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤəs</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤaː</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ sˤaː</p>
+ <p>нъүү съəсиси’ съаа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsˤəs</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>sˤaː</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ sˤaː#-> ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ sˤaː
нъүү съəсиси’ съаа [ˈnˤyː ˈsˤəsisḭ sˤaː] nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈsˤəs apple -is NOM -ḭ sing sˤaː 1excl.sing.POSS “my apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|m|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|m|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|kʼ|i|ˈ|tˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|ᵏǀʼ|uː|</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|d|i|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |m|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈmə
### |m|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈmə
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |m|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈmatʼ
### |m|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈmatʼ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |kʼ|i|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkʼitˤ
### |kʼ|i|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkʼitˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |ᵏǀʼ|uː|
#-> ᵏǀʼuː
### |ᵏǀʼ|uː|
#-> ᵏǀʼuː
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈdit
### |d|i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈdit
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ|a| |m|ə|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|a|ˈ|kˤ||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |m|a|ˈ|tʼ||i|s||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |kʼ|i|ˈ|tˤ||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |ᵏǀʼ|uː| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|i|ˈ|t||u|fˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> nˤa ˈmə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼisḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈkʼitˤiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈditufˤḭ fˤṵ
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|m|ə|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|m|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|kʼ|i|ˈ|tˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|ᵏǀʼ|uː|</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|d|i|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmə</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdakˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmatʼ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼitˤ</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼuː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdit</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈmə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼisḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈkʼitˤiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈditufˤḭ fˤṵ</p>
+ <p>нъа мə зу’ нъүү дакъиисъи’ нъүү матъиси’ фъу’ нъүү къитъиисъи’ ҁтъуу нъүү дитуфъи’ фъу’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmə</o>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdakˤ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmatʼ</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼitˤ</o>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʼuː</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdit</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈmə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼisḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈkʼitˤiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈditufˤḭ fˤṵ#-> nˤa ˈmə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼisḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈkʼitˤiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈditufˤḭ fˤṵ
Нъа мə зу’ нъүү дакъиисъи’ нъүү матъиси’ фъу’ нъүү къитъиисъи’ ҁтъуу нъүү дитуфъи’ фъу’. [nˤa ˈmə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼisḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈkʼitˤiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈditufˤḭ fˤṵ] nˤa PAST ˈmə kiss zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdakˤ hunter -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmatʼ daughter -is NOM -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈkʼitˤ neighbour -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing ᵏǀʼuː 2.sing.POSS nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdit son -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (8) |
Derivation
Gaud has no derivational processes.
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for a/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkaːtˤ
### |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkaːtˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ||ṵ|ˈ| |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ||i|s||ḭ|
#-> ˈnˤṵ ˈkaːtˤisḭ
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈṵ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkaːtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤṵ ˈkaːtˤisḭ</p>
+ <p>нъу’ каатъиси’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈṵ</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkaːtˤ</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤṵ ˈkaːtˤisḭ#-> ˈnˤṵ ˈkaːtˤisḭ
нъу’ каатъиси’ [ˈnˤṵ ˈkaːtˤisḭ] nˤ- sing ˈṵ a ˈkaːtˤ lamb -is NOM -ḭ sing “a lamb” | (9) |
Note how none show up here:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowned:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">|t|ṵ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">|fˤ|i|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |f|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈfa
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |t|ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈtṵ
### |t|ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈtṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |fˤ|i|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤi
### |fˤ|i|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤi
### |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkaːtˤ
### |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|
#-> ˈkaːtˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|a| |f|a|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ|a| |t|ṵ|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||ṵ|ˈ| |fˤ|i|ˈ| |k|aː|ˈ|tˤ||i|s||ḭ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> nˤa ˈfa zṵ nˤa ˈtṵ zṵ ˈnˤṵ ˈfˤi ˈkaːtˤisḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|a|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing">|t|ṵ|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="little" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">|fˤ|i|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|k|aː|ˈ|tˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfa</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtṵ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈṵ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤi</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkaːtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈfa zṵ nˤa ˈtṵ zṵ ˈnˤṵ ˈfˤi ˈkaːtˤisḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː</p>
+ <p>нъа фа зу’ нъа ту’ зу’ нъу’ фъи каатъиси’ фъуу фъуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfa</o>
+ <g>want</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈtṵ</o>
+ <g>have</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈṵ</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤi</o>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkaːtˤ</o>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈfa zṵ nˤa ˈtṵ zṵ ˈnˤṵ ˈfˤi ˈkaːtˤisḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː#-> nˤa ˈfa zṵ nˤa ˈtṵ zṵ ˈnˤṵ ˈfˤi ˈkaːtˤisḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
Нъа фа зу’ нъа ту’ зу’ нъу’ фъи каатъиси’ фъуу фъуу. [nˤa ˈfa zṵ nˤa ˈtṵ zṵ ˈnˤṵ ˈfˤi ˈkaːtˤisḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː] nˤa PAST ˈfa want zṵ indicative nˤa PAST ˈtṵ have zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈṵ a ˈfˤi little ˈkaːtˤ lamb -is NOM -ḭ sing ˈfˤuː COMP ˈfˤuː COMP “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (10) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Gaud fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing question, comprising па’ /pa̰/ ‘Q’; second, a clitic expressing voice, comprising ња /ɲa/ ‘passive’; third, a clitic expressing ta, comprising нъа /nˤa/ ‘PAST’; fourth, a clitic expressing mode, comprising зу’ /zṵ/ ‘indicative’, шу /ʃu/ ‘conditional’ and ма’ /ma̰/ ‘optative’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising гуу /huː/ ‘NEG’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|a̰|ˈ|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|#-> ˈnə̰
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈnə̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |a̰|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈa̰ki
### |a̰|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈa̰ki
### |n|ə̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |zˤ||a̰|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤa̰ki
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|a̰|ˈ|k|i|</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnə̰</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈa̰ki</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤa̰ki</p> + <p>нə̰ зу’ зъа’ки</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈnə̰</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zṵ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈa̰ki</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤa̰ki
#-> ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤa̰ki
Нə̰ зу’ зъа’ки. [ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤa̰ki] ˈnə̰ love zṵ indicative zˤ- sing ˈa̰ki 2.sing “I love you.” | (11) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɡˤ|yː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatʼ
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃatʼ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |ɡˤ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɡˤyː
### |ɡˤ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈɡˤyː
### |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|tʼ||i|s||ḭ| |ɡˤ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃatʼisḭ ˈɡˤyː
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɡˤ|yː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃatʼ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡˤyː</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃatʼisḭ ˈɡˤyː</p>
+ <p>нъүү чатъиси’ ґъүү</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃatʼ</o>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡˤyː</o>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃatʼisḭ ˈɡˤyː#-> ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃatʼisḭ ˈɡˤyː
нъүү чатъиси’ ґъүү [ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃatʼisḭ ˈɡˤyː] nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈt͡ʃatʼ table -is NOM -ḭ sing ˈɡˤyː in_surface “on the table” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|au|ˈ|f|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|p|i|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |t͡ʃ|au|ˈ|f|
#-> ˈt͡ʃauf
### |t͡ʃ|au|ˈ|f|
#-> ˈt͡ʃauf
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |p|i|ˈ|
#-> ˈpi
### |p|i|ˈ|
#-> ˈpi
### |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |t͡ʃ|au|ˈ|f||i|s||ḭ| |p|i|ˈ|
#-> ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃaufisḭ ˈpi
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|t͡ʃ|au|ˈ|f|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|p|i|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃauf</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpi</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃaufisḭ ˈpi</p>
+ <p>нъүү чаўфиси’ пи</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃauf</o>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpi</o>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃaufisḭ ˈpi#-> ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃaufisḭ ˈpi
нъүү чаўфиси’ пи [ˈnˤyː ˈt͡ʃaufisḭ ˈpi] nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈt͡ʃauf box -is NOM -ḭ sing ˈpi to_inside “into the box” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatoryGot sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> + <flat> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|dˤ|əː|ˈ|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |zˤ|-#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |dˤ|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdˤəː
### |dˤ|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈdˤəː
### |zˤ||i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ| |dˤ|əː|ˈ|
#-> ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈdˤəː
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">|dˤ|əː|ˈ|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈidˤḭ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤəː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈdˤəː</p>
+ <p>зъидъи’ дъəː</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>zˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈidˤḭ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdˤəː</o>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈdˤəː#-> ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈdˤəː
зъидъи’ дъəː [ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈdˤəː] zˤ- sing ˈidˤḭ 1excl.sing ˈdˤəː COMIT “with me” | (14) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
The basic constituent order of Gaud is Verb–Subject–Object (VSO). Clauses begin with the verb, followed by the subject, with the object in final position. This pattern is attested among various verb-initial languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Gaud.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ʃ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ʃ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃyː
### |ʃ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|
#-> ˈnˤukʼ
### |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|
#-> ˈnˤukʼ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a| |ʃ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|a|ˈ|kˤ||u|fˤ||ḭ|
#-> nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤukʼisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤufˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|ʃ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃyː</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnˤukʼ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdakˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤukʼisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤufˤḭ</p>
+ <p>нъа шүү зу’ нъүү нъукъиси’ нъүү дакъуфъи’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃyː</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnˤukʼ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdakˤ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤukʼisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤufˤḭ#-> nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤukʼisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤufˤḭ
Нъа шүү зу’ нъүү нъукъиси’ нъүү дакъуфъи’. [nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈnˤukʼisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤufˤḭ] nˤa PAST ˈʃyː kill zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈnˤukʼ jaguar -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdakˤ hunter -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|m|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|ʒ|iː|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈdˤainˤ
### |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈdˤainˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |m|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈmatʼ
### |m|a|ˈ|tʼ|
#-> ˈmatʼ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ʒ|iː|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈʒiːt͡ʃ
### |ʒ|iː|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈʒiːt͡ʃ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ|a| |k|a̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|a|ˈ|kˤ||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |m|a|ˈ|tʼ||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ʒ|iː|ˈ|t͡ʃ||u|fˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdˤainˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈʒiːt͡ʃufˤḭ fˤṵ
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|m|a|ˈ|tʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="ACC">|ʒ|iː|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈka̰</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤainˤ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdakˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmatʼ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒiːt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdˤainˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈʒiːt͡ʃufˤḭ fˤṵ</p>
+ <p>нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү дъайнъиси’ нъүү дакъиисъи’ нъүү матъиисъи’ фъу’ нъүү жиичуфъи’ фъу’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈka̰</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdˤainˤ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdakˤ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmatʼ</o>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʒiːt͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdˤainˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈʒiːt͡ʃufˤḭ fˤṵ#-> nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdˤainˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈʒiːt͡ʃufˤḭ fˤṵ
Нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү дъайнъиси’ нъүү дакъиисъи’ нъүү матъиисъи’ фъу’ нъүү жиичуфъи’ фъу’. [nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdˤainˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤiːsˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈmatʼiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈʒiːt͡ʃufˤḭ fˤṵ] nˤa PAST ˈka̰ eat zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdˤainˤ lion -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdakˤ hunter -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmatʼ daughter -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈʒiːt͡ʃ dog -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (16) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Gaud reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Gaud expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|d|i|ˈ|t|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|ᵏǀʼ|uː|</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|mˤ|a|ˈ|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|p|aː|ˈ|k|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|-#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈdit
### |d|i|ˈ|t|
#-> ˈdit
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |ᵏǀʼ|uː|
#-> ᵏǀʼuː
### |ᵏǀʼ|uː|
#-> ᵏǀʼuː
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|a|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈmˤanˤ
### |mˤ|a|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈmˤanˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|iː|sˤ|
#-> -iːsˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |p|aː|ˈ|k|
#-> ˈpaːk
### |p|aː|ˈ|k|
#-> ˈpaːk
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> fˤṵ
### |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|i|ˈ|t||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |ᵏǀʼ|uː| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|a|ˈ|nˤ||iː|sˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |p|aː|ˈ|k||i|s||ḭ| |fˤ|ṵ|
#-> ˈnˤyː ˈditiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈmˤanˤiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈpaːkisḭ fˤṵ
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="2.sing">|d|i|ˈ|t|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.POSS">|ᵏǀʼ|uː|</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" possessor="3.sing">|mˤ|a|ˈ|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">-|iː|sˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" possessor="3.sing" case="NOM">|p|aː|ˈ|k|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.POSS">|fˤ|ṵ|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdit</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀʼuː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤanˤ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːsˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpaːk</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fˤṵ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>ˈnˤyː ˈditiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈmˤanˤiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈpaːkisḭ fˤṵ</p>
+ <p>нъүү дитиисъи’ ҁтъуу нъүү мъанъиисъи’ фъу’ нъүү паакиси’ фъу’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdit</o>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ᵏǀʼuː</o>
+ <g>2.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤanˤ</o>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-iːsˤ</o>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈpaːk</o>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>fˤṵ</o>
+ <g>3.sing.POSS</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ˈnˤyː ˈditiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈmˤanˤiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈpaːkisḭ fˤṵ#-> ˈnˤyː ˈditiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈmˤanˤiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈpaːkisḭ fˤṵ
нъүү дитиисъи’ ҁтъуу нъүү мъанъиисъи’ фъу’ нъүү паакиси’ фъу’ [ˈnˤyː ˈditiːsˤḭ ᵏǀʼuː ˈnˤyː ˈmˤanˤiːsˤḭ fˤṵ ˈnˤyː ˈpaːkisḭ fˤṵ] nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdit son -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing ᵏǀʼuː 2.sing.POSS nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤanˤ friend -iːsˤ GEN -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈpaːk book -is NOM -ḭ sing fˤṵ 3.sing.POSS “your son’s friend’s book” | (17) |
Case Marking
Gaud uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">|pˤ|ə|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |pˤ|ə|ˈ|#-> ˈpˤə
### |pˤ|ə|ˈ|
#-> ˈpˤə
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |pˤ|ə|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ|
#-> ˈpˤə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">|pˤ|ə|ˈ|</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpˤə</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈpˤə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ</p> + <p>пъə зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈpˤə</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zṵ</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-is</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### ˈpˤə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
#-> ˈpˤə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
Пъə зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’. [ˈpˤə zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ] ˈpˤə sleep zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing “The cat is sleeping.” | (18) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>retrieveWord() issue: run, verb
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">[??2: run_verb]</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### [??2: run_verb]#-> [??2: run_verb]
### [??2: run_verb]
#-> [??2: run_verb]
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### [??2: run_verb] |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ|
#-> [??2: run_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">[??2: run_verb]</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">[??2: run_verb]</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>[??2: run_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ</p> + <p>[??2: rун_verб] нъүү мъүүкъиси’</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>[??2: run_verb]</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-is</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### [??2: run_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
#-> [??2: run_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ
[??2: rун_verб] нъүү мъүүкъиси’. [[??2: run_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ] [??2: run_verb] run nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing “The cat is running.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>retrieveWord() issue: chase, verb
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">[??2: chase_verb]</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### [??2: chase_verb]#-> [??2: chase_verb]
### [??2: chase_verb]
#-> [??2: chase_verb]
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### [??2: chase_verb] |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||u|fˤ||ḭ|
#-> [??2: chase_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">[??2: chase_verb]</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">[??2: chase_verb]</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>[??2: chase_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ</p> + <p>[??2: cгасe_verб] нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>[??2: chase_verb]</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-is</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nˤ-</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈyː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ufˤ</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### [??2: chase_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ
#-> [??2: chase_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ
[??2: cгасe_verб] нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’. [[??2: chase_verb] ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ] [??2: chase_verb] chase nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbˤazˤ mouse -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (20) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a| |kʼ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||u|fˤ||ḭ|
#-> nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼyː</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ</p>
+ <p>нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼyː</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ#-> nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ
Нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’. [nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ] nˤa PAST ˈkʼyː catch zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbˤazˤ mouse -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing “The cat caught the mouse.” | (21) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="plur" possessor="no.owner">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|ʃ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|ʃ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |ʃ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃyː
### |ʃ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈʃyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### |d|a|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈdakˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|
#-> ˈnˤukʼ
### |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|
#-> ˈnˤukʼ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |kʼ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼau
### |kʼ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼau
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼyɡ
### |ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼyɡ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |kʼ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼau
### |kʼ|au|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼau
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |t͡ʃ|-
#-> t͡ʃ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈdˤainˤ
### |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|
#-> ˈdˤainˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|
#-> -u
### -|u|
#-> -u
### |nˤ|a| |ʃ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |d|a|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |t͡ʃ||yː|ˈ| |nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ||u|fˤ||u| |kʼ|au|ˈ| |t͡ʃ||yː|ˈ| |ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ||y|fˤ||u| |kʼ|au|ˈ| |t͡ʃ||yː|ˈ| |dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ||u|fˤ||u|
#-> nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤisḭ ˈt͡ʃyː ˈnˤukʼufˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈᵏǀʼyɡyfˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈdˤainˤufˤu
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">|ʃ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|d|a|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|nˤ|u|ˈ|kʼ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|ᵏǀʼ|y|ˈ|ɡ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|kʼ|au|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">|t͡ʃ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|dˤ|ai|ˈ|nˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|u|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃyː</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdakˤ</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnˤukʼ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀʼyɡ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-yfˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃ-</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤainˤ</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤisḭ ˈt͡ʃyː ˈnˤukʼufˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈᵏǀʼyɡyfˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈdˤainˤufˤu</p>
+ <p>нъа шүү зу’ нъүү дакъиси’ чүү нъукъуфъу къаў чүү ҁтъүґүфъу къаў чүү дъайнъуфъу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈʃyː</o>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdakˤ</o>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnˤukʼ</o>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼau</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀʼyɡ</o>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-yfˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼau</o>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>t͡ʃ-</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈdˤainˤ</o>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-u</o>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤisḭ ˈt͡ʃyː ˈnˤukʼufˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈᵏǀʼyɡyfˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈdˤainˤufˤu#-> nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤisḭ ˈt͡ʃyː ˈnˤukʼufˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈᵏǀʼyɡyfˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈdˤainˤufˤu
Нъа шүү зу’ нъүү дакъиси’ чүү нъукъуфъу къаў чүү ҁтъүґүфъу къаў чүү дъайнъуфъу. [nˤa ˈʃyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈdakˤisḭ ˈt͡ʃyː ˈnˤukʼufˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈᵏǀʼyɡyfˤu ˈkʼau ˈt͡ʃyː ˈdˤainˤufˤu] nˤa PAST ˈʃyː kill zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈdakˤ hunter -is NOM -ḭ sing t͡ʃ- plur ˈyː the ˈnˤukʼ jaguar -ufˤ ACC -u plur ˈkʼau and t͡ʃ- plur ˈyː the ˈᵏǀʼyɡ tiger -yfˤ ACC -u plur ˈkʼau and t͡ʃ- plur ˈyː the ˈdˤainˤ lion -ufˤ ACC -u plur “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (22) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Gaud provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Gaud forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a| |f|uː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||y|fˤ||ḭ|
#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤyfˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-yfˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈfuː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤyfˤḭ</p>
+ <p>нъа фуу зу’ нъүү мъүүкъүфъи’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-yfˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈfuː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤyfˤḭ#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤyfˤḭ
Нъа фуу зу’ нъүү мъүүкъүфъи’. [nˤa ˈfuː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤyfˤḭ] nˤa PAST ˈfuː pat zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -yfˤ ACC -ḭ sing “I patted the cat.” | (23) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|a| |f|uː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ|a| |kʼ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||u|fˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ ˈfˤuː
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼyː</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ ˈfˤuː</p>
+ <p>нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’ фъуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼyː</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ ˈfˤuː#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ ˈfˤuː
Нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъүү бъазъуфъи’ фъуу. [nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤufˤḭ ˈfˤuː] nˤa PAST ˈfuː pat zṵ indicative nˤa PAST ˈkʼyː catch zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbˤazˤ mouse -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing ˈfˤuː COMP “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (24) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈzˤy̰n
### |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈzˤy̰n
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|a| |f|uː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ|a| |kʼ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ|a| |k|a̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n||y|fˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼyː</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈka̰</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzˤy̰n</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-yfˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː</p>
+ <p>нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү бъазъиси’ нъүү зъү’нүфъи’ фъуу фъуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼyː</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈka̰</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈzˤy̰n</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-yfˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
Нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү бъазъиси’ нъүү зъү’нүфъи’ фъуу фъуу. [nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː] nˤa PAST ˈfuː pat zṵ indicative nˤa PAST ˈkʼyː catch zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤa PAST ˈka̰ eat zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbˤazˤ mouse -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈzˤy̰n cheese -yfˤ ACC -ḭ sing ˈfˤuː COMP ˈfˤuː COMP “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (25) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|kˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|kˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |f|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfuː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |kʼ|yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼyː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|
#-> ˈmˤyːkˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |k|a̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈka̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|
#-> ˈbˤazˤ
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkˤuː
### |kˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkˤuː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈzˤy̰n
### |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈzˤy̰n
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|y|fˤ|
#-> -yfˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|a| |f|uː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ|a| |kʼ|yː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ|a| |k|a̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ|a| |kˤ|uː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |zˤ||i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n||y|fˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ nˤa ˈkˤuː zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|f|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing">|kʼ|yː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|mˤ|yː|ˈ|kˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing">|k|a̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|bˤ|a|ˈ|zˤ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing">|kˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|zˤ|y̰|ˈ|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|y|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfuː</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼyː</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmˤyːkˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈka̰</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbˤazˤ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkˤuː</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈidˤḭ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzˤy̰n</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-yfˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ nˤa ˈkˤuː zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː</p>
+ <p>нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү бъазъиси’ нъа къуу зу’ зъидъи’ нъүү зъү’нүфъи’ фъуу фъуу фъуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfuː</o>
+ <g>pat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼyː</o>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈmˤyːkˤ</o>
+ <g>cat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈka̰</o>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbˤazˤ</o>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkˤuː</o>
+ <g>buy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈidˤḭ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈzˤy̰n</o>
+ <g>cheese</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-yfˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ nˤa ˈkˤuː zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː#-> nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ nˤa ˈkˤuː zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː
Нъа фуу зу’ нъа къүү зу’ нъүү мъүүкъиси’ нъа ка’ зу’ нъүү бъазъиси’ нъа къуу зу’ зъидъи’ нъүү зъү’нүфъи’ фъуу фъуу фъуу. [nˤa ˈfuː zṵ nˤa ˈkʼyː zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈmˤyːkˤisḭ nˤa ˈka̰ zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈbˤazˤisḭ nˤa ˈkˤuː zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈzˤy̰nyfˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː ˈfˤuː] nˤa PAST ˈfuː pat zṵ indicative nˤa PAST ˈkʼyː catch zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈmˤyːkˤ cat -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤa PAST ˈka̰ eat zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbˤazˤ mouse -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤa PAST ˈkˤuː buy zṵ indicative zˤ- sing ˈidˤḭ 1excl.sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈzˤy̰n cheese -yfˤ ACC -ḭ sing ˈfˤuː COMP ˈfˤuː COMP ˈfˤuː COMP “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (26) |
Complementation Strategies
Gaud introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|kʼˤ|aː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|b|i|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |kʼˤ|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼˤaː
### |kʼˤ|aː|ˈ|
#-> ˈkʼˤaː
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃa
### |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|
#-> ˈt͡ʃa
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |ṵ|ˈ|
#-> ˈṵ
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|
#-> ˈsˤəs
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|u|fˤ|
#-> -ufˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|
#-> ˈɡəɲ
### |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|
#-> ˈɡəɲ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |b|i|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈbit͡ʃ
### |b|i|ˈ|t͡ʃ|
#-> ˈbit͡ʃ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a| |kʼˤ|aː|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ|a| |t͡ʃ|a|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n||i|s||ḭ| |nˤ||ṵ|ˈ| |sˤ|ə|ˈ|s||u|fˤ||ḭ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ||i|tˤ||ḭ| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |b|i|ˈ|t͡ʃ||i|tˤ||ḭ|
#-> nˤa ˈkʼˤaː zṵ nˤa ˈt͡ʃa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnˤṵ ˈsˤəsufˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈbit͡ʃitˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|kʼˤ|aː|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="3.sing" indobj="3.sing">|t͡ʃ|a|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|ṵ|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|sˤ|ə|ˈ|s|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">-|u|fˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|b|i|ˈ|t͡ʃ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkʼˤaː</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀʼˤin</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈṵ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsˤəs</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ufˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡəɲ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-itˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-itˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa ˈkʼˤaː zṵ nˤa ˈt͡ʃa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnˤṵ ˈsˤəsufˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈbit͡ʃitˤḭ</p>
+ <p>нъа къъаа зу’ нъа ча зу’ нъүү ҁтъъиниси’ нъу’ съəсуфъи’ нъүү ґəњитъи’ фъуу нъүү бичитъи’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈkʼˤaː</o>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈt͡ʃa</o>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀʼˤin</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈṵ</o>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈsˤəs</o>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ufˤ</o>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡəɲ</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-itˤ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈbit͡ʃ</o>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-itˤ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa ˈkʼˤaː zṵ nˤa ˈt͡ʃa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnˤṵ ˈsˤəsufˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈbit͡ʃitˤḭ#-> nˤa ˈkʼˤaː zṵ nˤa ˈt͡ʃa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnˤṵ ˈsˤəsufˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈbit͡ʃitˤḭ
Нъа къъаа зу’ нъа ча зу’ нъүү ҁтъъиниси’ нъу’ съəсуфъи’ нъүү ґəњитъи’ фъуу нъүү бичитъи’. [nˤa ˈkʼˤaː zṵ nˤa ˈt͡ʃa zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnˤṵ ˈsˤəsufˤḭ ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈbit͡ʃitˤḭ] nˤa PAST ˈkʼˤaː surprise zṵ indicative nˤa PAST ˈt͡ʃa give zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈᵏǀʼˤin boy -is NOM -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈṵ a ˈsˤəs apple -ufˤ ACC -ḭ sing nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈɡəɲ girl -itˤ DAT -ḭ sing ˈfˤuː COMP nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈbit͡ʃ teacher -itˤ DAT -ḭ sing “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (27) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module complementise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module markowner: No change.
module propagatenumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module markowned:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatoryGot sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2">
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">
+ <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner" person="2"> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"> <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>retrieveWord() issue: tell, verb
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">[??2: tell_verb]</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|a̰|ˈ|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |nˤ|a|#-> nˤa
### |nˤ|a|
#-> nˤa
### [??2: tell_verb]
#-> [??2: tell_verb]
### [??2: tell_verb]
#-> [??2: tell_verb]
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|
#-> ˈᵏǀʼˤin
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|i|s|
#-> -is
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈnə̰
### |n|ə̰|ˈ|
#-> ˈnə̰
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |z|ṵ|
#-> zṵ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|
#-> ˈidˤḭ
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |zˤ|-
#-> zˤ-
### |a̰|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈa̰ki
### |a̰|ˈ|k|i|
#-> ˈa̰ki
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |fˤ|uː|ˈ|
#-> ˈfˤuː
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |nˤ|-
#-> nˤ-
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |yː|ˈ|
#-> ˈyː
### |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|
#-> ˈɡəɲ
### |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|
#-> ˈɡəɲ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|i|tˤ|
#-> -itˤ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### -|ḭ|
#-> -ḭ
### |nˤ|a| [??2: tell_verb] |z|ṵ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n||i|s||ḭ| |n|ə̰|ˈ| |z|ṵ| |zˤ||i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ| |zˤ||a̰|ˈ|k|i| |fˤ|uː|ˈ| |nˤ||yː|ˈ| |ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ||i|tˤ||ḭ|
#-> nˤa [??2: tell_verb] zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈzˤa̰ki ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">|nˤ|a|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing" obj="1excl.sing" indobj="3.sing">[??2: tell_verb]</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|ᵏǀʼˤ|i|ˈ|n|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">-|i|s|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|n|ə̰|ˈ|</word>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative">|z|ṵ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" possessor="no.owner">|i|ˈ|dˤ|ḭ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|zˤ|-</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" possessor="no.owner">|a̰|ˈ|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" number="sing" possessor="no.owner" person="1excl">|fˤ|uː|ˈ|</word>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
<thingy type="detnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing">|nˤ|-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|yː|ˈ|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" possessor="no.owner">|ɡ|ə|ˈ|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">-|i|tˤ|</thingy>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-|ḭ|</thingy>
- <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">[??2: tell_verb]</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀʼˤin</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-is</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnə̰</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zṵ</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈidˤḭ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈa̰ki</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfˤuː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈyː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡəɲ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-itˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nˤa [??2: tell_verb] zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈzˤa̰ki ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ</p>
+ <p>нъа [??2: тell_verб] зу’ нъүү ҁтъъиниси’ нə̰ зу’ зъидъи’ зъа’ки фъуу нъүү ґəњитъи’</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤa</o>
+ <g>PAST</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>[??2: tell_verb]</o>
+ <g>tell</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈᵏǀʼˤin</o>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-is</o>
+ <g>NOM</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈnə̰</o>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zṵ</o>
+ <g>indicative</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈidˤḭ</o>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>zˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈa̰ki</o>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈfˤuː</o>
+ <g>COMP</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>nˤ-</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈyː</o>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>ˈɡəɲ</o>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-itˤ</o>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o>-ḭ</o>
+ <g>sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nˤa [??2: tell_verb] zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈzˤa̰ki ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ#-> nˤa [??2: tell_verb] zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈzˤa̰ki ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ
Нъа [??2: тell_verб] зу’ нъүү ҁтъъиниси’ нə̰ зу’ зъидъи’ зъа’ки фъуу нъүү ґəњитъи’. [nˤa [??2: tell_verb] zṵ ˈnˤyː ˈᵏǀʼˤinisḭ ˈnə̰ zṵ ˈzˤidˤḭ ˈzˤa̰ki ˈfˤuː ˈnˤyː ˈɡəɲitˤḭ] nˤa PAST [??2: tell_verb] tell zṵ indicative nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈᵏǀʼˤin boy -is NOM -ḭ sing ˈnə̰ love zṵ indicative zˤ- sing ˈidˤḭ 1excl.sing zˤ- sing ˈa̰ki 2.sing ˈfˤuː COMP nˤ- sing ˈyː the ˈɡəɲ girl -itˤ DAT -ḭ sing “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (28) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Gaud. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.91, on 13 June 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/47GSQ
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-47GSQ,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Gaud}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/47GSQ}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.91, on 13 June 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
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