A Collection of Texts in Tet
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ e ˈ s">ɲeˈs</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h o ˈ">hoˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k u ˈ ʃ">kuˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f i ɾ i ˈ ʋ">fiɾiˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ e ˈ s">ɲeˈs</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h o ˈ">hoˈ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k u ˈ ʃ">kuˈʃ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f i ɾ i ˈ ʋ">fiɾiˈʋ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ e ˈ s">ɲeˈs</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h o ˈ">hoˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="k u ˈ ʃ">kuˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="f i ɾ i ˈ ʋ">fiɾiˈʋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s u ˈ k">suˈk</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">ŋauˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="e p">op</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">ɲeˈs</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">k</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">hoˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">kuˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ɾiˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">t</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">suˈk</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">fiɾiˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">suˈk</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲes</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-k</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈho</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkuʃ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾiɓ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːj</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuk</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fiˈɾiʋ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsuk</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈŋauŋop ˈɲesik ˈnik ˈho ˈkuʃuf ˈɾiɓik ˈnit ˈdoːjuf ˈsuk ˈʃuj fiˈɾiʋif ˈsuk</p> + <p>بوڭ قۡب ڭوڭپ ڃسك نك ح كشف رݐك نت دويف سك شي فروف سك</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈboː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈŋauŋ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲes</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-k</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈho</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkuʃ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɾiɓ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdoːj</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuk</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fiˈɾiʋ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsuk</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
بوڭ قۡب ڭوڭپ ڃسك نك ح كشف رݐك نت دويف سك شي فروف سك۔ [ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈŋauŋop ˈɲesik ˈnik ˈho ˈkuʃuf ˈɾiɓik ˈnit ˈdoːjuf ˈsuk ˈʃuj fiˈɾiʋif ˈsuk] ˈboː have -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈŋauŋ human being -ep plur ˈɲes all -ik NOM ˈni the -k fem ˈho in_surface ˈkuʃ earth -if sing ˈɾiɓ whole -ik NOM ˈni the -t masc ˈdoːj language -if sing ˈsuk one ˈʃuj and fiˈɾiʋ dialect -if sing ˈsuk one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> </np> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a ʋ oː ˈ">haʋoːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʋ au ˈ ʋ">ʋauˈʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t͡ʃ ɔː ˈ d">t͡ʃɔːˈd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a ʋ oː ˈ">haʋoːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʋ au ˈ ʋ">ʋauˈʋ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t͡ʃ ɔː ˈ d">t͡ʃɔːˈd</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a ʋ oː ˈ">haʋoːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʋ au ˈ ʋ">ʋauˈʋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="t͡ʃ ɔː ˈ d">t͡ʃɔːˈd</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">haʋoːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ʋauˈʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">t͡ʃɔːˈd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɾ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haˈʋoː</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʋauʋ</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃɔːd</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span></p> + <p>haˈʋoːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈʋauʋ ˈt͡ʃɔːduf ˈniɾ</p> + <p>حووڭ قۡب ڃش ووو چودف نر</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>haˈʋoː</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʋauʋ</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃɔːd</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
حووڭ قۡب ڃش ووو چودف نر۔ [haˈʋoːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈʋauʋ ˈt͡ʃɔːduf ˈniɾ] haˈʋoː journey -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ˈʋauʋ from_inside ˈt͡ʃɔːd east -if sing ˈni the -ɾ neut “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for wide/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h ɛː ˈ">hɛːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ a ʋ ɔ ˈ ɲ">ᵏǀaʋɔˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ n">ᵏǀaiˈn</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ ɾ">ᵏǀaiˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h ɛː ˈ">hɛːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ a ʋ ɔ ˈ ɲ">ᵏǀaʋɔˈɲ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ n">ᵏǀaiˈn</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ ɾ">ᵏǀaiˈɾ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h ɛː ˈ">hɛːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ a ʋ ɔ ˈ ɲ">ᵏǀaʋɔˈɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ n">ᵏǀaiˈn</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵏǀ ai ˈ ɾ">ᵏǀaiˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">hɛːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵏǀaʋɔˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵏǀaiˈn</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵏǀaiˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhɛː</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀaˈʋɔɲ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀain</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfak</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵏǀaiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʃuj ˈhɛːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵏǀaˈʋɔɲuf ˈᵏǀainik ˈfak ˈᵏǀaiɾif</p> + <p>شي حيڭ قۡب ڃش قۡوڃف قۡينك فك قۡيرف</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhɛː</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀaˈʋɔɲ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǀain</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfak</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵏǀaiɾ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
شي حيڭ قۡب ڃش قۡوڃف قۡينك فك قۡيرف۔ [ˈʃuj ˈhɛːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵏǀaˈʋɔɲuf ˈᵏǀainik ˈfak ˈᵏǀaiɾif] ˈʃuj and ˈhɛː find -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ᵏǀaˈʋɔɲ plain -if sing ˈᵏǀain wide -ik NOM ˈfak in_inside ˈᵏǀaiɾ land -if sing “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ʋ e p aː ˈ">ʋepaːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ e ʃ eː ˈ">ᵏǀeʃeːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="h aː ˈ m">haːˈm</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ʋ e p aː ˈ">ʋepaːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ e ʃ eː ˈ">ᵏǀeʃeːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="h aː ˈ m">haːˈm</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ʋepaːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ᵏǀeʃeːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">haːˈm</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋeˈpaː</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀeˈʃeː</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhaːm</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ʋeˈpaː ᵏǀeˈʃeːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈhaːm</p> + <p>وپا قۡشيڭ قۡب ڃش حام</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋeˈpaː</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀeˈʃeː</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhaːm</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
وپا قۡشيڭ قۡب ڃش حام۔ [ʋeˈpaː ᵏǀeˈʃeːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈhaːm] ʋeˈpaː thus ᵏǀeˈʃeː dwell -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ˈhaːm there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ i ˈ">ɓiˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="s ɔ ˈ">sɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʃ a p">ʃap</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="ᵑǀ au ˈ">ᵑǀauˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʃ a p">ʃap</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="p i k iː ˈ ʋ">pikiːˈʋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɓ i ˈ">ɓiˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="s ɔ ˈ">sɔˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʃ a p">ʃap</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem" ph="ᵑǀ au ˈ">ᵑǀauˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="ʃ a p">ʃap</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="p i k iː ˈ ʋ">pikiːˈʋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɓiˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">sɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">ʃap</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">ʃuˈj</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.fem">ᵑǀauˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">ʃap</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">pikiːˈʋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɓi</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀɔt</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈsɔ</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃap</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiˈɲet</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈtem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀɔt</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀau</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃap</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiˈɲet</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈtem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">piˈkiːʋ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ˈɓiŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈᵑǀɔt ˈsɔŋ ʃap ᵏǀiˈɲetep t͡ʃiˈtem ˈʃuj ˈᵑǀɔt ˈᵑǀauŋ ʃap ᵏǀiˈɲetep t͡ʃiˈtem piˈkiːʋ</p> + <p>ݐڭ قۡب ڃش نقۡت سڭ شپ قۡڃتپ چتم شي نقۡت نقۡوڭ شپ قۡڃتپ چتم پكيو</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈɓi</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀɔt</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈsɔ</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃap</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiˈɲet</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈtem</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀɔt</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀau</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃap</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiˈɲet</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈtem</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>piˈkiːʋ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
ݐڭ قۡب ڃش نقۡت سڭ شپ قۡڃتپ چتم شي نقۡت نقۡوڭ شپ قۡڃتپ چتم پكيو۔ [ˈɓiŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈᵑǀɔt ˈsɔŋ ʃap ᵏǀiˈɲetep t͡ʃiˈtem ˈʃuj ˈᵑǀɔt ˈᵑǀauŋ ʃap ᵏǀiˈɲetep t͡ʃiˈtem piˈkiːʋ] ˈɓi say -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ˈᵑǀɔt 1incl.plur ˈsɔ make -ŋ not.Q ʃap imperative ᵏǀiˈɲet brick -ep plur t͡ʃiˈtem COMP ˈʃuj and ˈᵑǀɔt 1incl.plur ˈᵑǀau burn -ŋ not.Q ʃap imperative ᵏǀiˈɲet brick -ep plur t͡ʃiˈtem COMP piˈkiːʋ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m uː ˈ ɡ">muːˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m uː ˈ ɡ">muːˈɡ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ɲ e ˈ t">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m uː ˈ ɡ">muːˈɡ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">ᵏǀiɲeˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">ɓaɓuˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">muːˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiˈɲet</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaˈɓus</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmuːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵏǀiˈɲetif ɓaˈɓus ˈmuːɡuf</p> + <p>بوڭ قۡب ڃش قۡڃتف ݐݐس موگف</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈboː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiˈɲet</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaˈɓus</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmuːɡ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
بوڭ قۡب ڃش قۡڃتف ݐݐس موگف۔ [ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵏǀiˈɲetif ɓaˈɓus ˈmuːɡuf] ˈboː have -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ᵏǀiˈɲet brick -if sing ɓaˈɓus PURP ˈmuːɡ stone -if sing “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ i j a ˈ ŋ">ᵑǀijaˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵑǀ e ʃ ɔː ˈ k">ᵑǀeʃɔːˈk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ i j a ˈ ŋ">ᵑǀijaˈŋ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵑǀ e ʃ ɔː ˈ k">ᵑǀeʃɔːˈk</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵑǀ o ʃ ɔː ˈ k" underlying="ᵑǀ e ʃ ɔː ˈ k">ᵑǀoʃɔːˈk</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b oː ˈ">boːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ i j a ˈ ŋ">ᵑǀijaˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ɓ a ɓ u ˈ s">ɓaɓuˈs</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵑǀ o ʃ ɔː ˈ k" underlying="ᵑǀ e ʃ ɔː ˈ k">ᵑǀoʃɔːˈk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">boːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ᵑǀijaˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">ɓaɓuˈs</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="ᵑǀ e ʃ ɔː ˈ k">ᵑǀoʃɔːˈk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈboː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀiˈjaŋ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaˈɓus</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀeˈʃɔːk</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʃuj ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵑǀiˈjaŋif ɓaˈɓus ᵑǀoˈʃɔːkuf</p> + <p>شي بوڭ قۡب ڃش نقۡيڭف ݐݐس نقۡشوكف</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈboː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀiˈjaŋ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaˈɓus</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀeˈʃɔːk</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
شي بوڭ قۡب ڃش نقۡيڭف ݐݐس نقۡشوكف۔ [ˈʃuj ˈboːŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ᵑǀiˈjaŋif ɓaˈɓus ᵑǀoˈʃɔːkuf] ˈʃuj and ˈboː have -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ᵑǀiˈjaŋ slime -if sing ɓaˈɓus PURP ᵑǀeˈʃɔːk mortar -if sing “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for other/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="d a ɲ ai ˈ">daɲaiˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɡ ɔ ˈ p">ɡɔˈp</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="d a ɲ ai ˈ">daɲaiˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɡ ɔ ˈ p">ɡɔˈp</word>
- <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="d a ɲ ai ˈ">daɲaiˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ŋ au ˈ ŋ">ŋauˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɡ ɔ ˈ p">ɡɔˈp</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">daɲaiˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">naɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ŋauˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="e p">op</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ɡɔˈp</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daˈɲai</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɾ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀɔt</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈŋauŋ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡɔp</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>daˈɲaiŋ naɾ ˈᵑǀɔt ˈŋauŋop ˈɡɔpuk</p> + <p>دڃيڭ نر نقۡت ڭوڭپ گپك</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>daˈɲai</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naɾ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀɔt</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈŋauŋ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡɔp</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
دڃيڭ نر نقۡت ڭوڭپ گپك۔ [daˈɲaiŋ naɾ ˈᵑǀɔt ˈŋauŋop ˈɡɔpuk] daˈɲai resemble -ŋ not.Q naɾ NEG ˈᵑǀɔt 1incl.plur ˈŋauŋ human being -ep plur ˈɡɔp other -ik NOM “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ a ɡ au ˈ">ᵑǀaɡauˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m o ˈ ɓ">moˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="b e ˈ n">beˈn</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ a ɡ au ˈ">ᵑǀaɡauˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m o ˈ ɓ">moˈɓ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="b e ˈ n">beˈn</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ᵑǀ a ɡ au ˈ">ᵑǀaɡauˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m o ˈ ɓ">moˈɓ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="b e ˈ n">beˈn</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="o p" underlying="e p">op</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ᵑǀaɡauˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">moˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">beˈn</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="e p">op</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɾ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɲiˈʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀaˈɡau</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈben</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːj</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span></p> + <p>ᵑǀaˈɡauŋ ᵏǀib ˈmoɓuf ˈʃuj ˈbenif ˈdoːjop ˈniɾ ˈɲiʃ</p> + <p>نقۡگوڭ قۡب مݐف شي بنف دويپ نر ڃش</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀaˈɡau</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmoɓ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈben</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdoːj</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
نقۡگوڭ قۡب مݐف شي بنف دويپ نر ڃش۔ [ᵑǀaˈɡauŋ ᵏǀib ˈmoɓuf ˈʃuj ˈbenif ˈdoːjop ˈniɾ ˈɲiʃ] ᵑǀaˈɡau shape -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈmoɓ fight -if sing ˈʃuj and ˈben time -if sing ˈdoːj language -ep plur ˈni the -ɾ neut ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ e ɾ o ˈ">ʋeɾoˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ a ˈ ŋ">ɾaˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t a ɾ a ˈ ɲ">taɾaˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b e ˈ m">beˈm</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ e ɾ o ˈ">ʋeɾoˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ o ɾ o ˈ" underlying="ʋ e ɾ o ˈ">ʋoɾoˈ</word> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ a ˈ ŋ">ɾaˈŋ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t a ɾ a ˈ ɲ">taɾaˈɲ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b e ˈ m">beˈm</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ o ɾ o ˈ" underlying="ʋ e ɾ o ˈ">ʋoɾoˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i ˈ ʃ">ɲiˈʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ a ˈ ŋ">ɾaˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t a ɾ a ˈ ɲ">taɾaˈɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b e ˈ m">beˈm</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="e p">ep</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ʋ e ɾ o ˈ">ʋoɾoˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɲiˈʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">ɾaˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ep</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">taɾaˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ep</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">beˈm</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ep</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋeˈɾo</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾaŋ</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taˈɾaɲ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbem</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ep</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>ʋoˈɾoŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈɾaŋep ˈniɾ taˈɾaɲep ˈʃuj ˈbemep</p> + <p>ورڭ قۡب ڃش رڭپ نر ترڃپ شي بمپ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋeˈɾo</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲiʃ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɾaŋ</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taˈɾaɲ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbem</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ep</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
ورڭ قۡب ڃش رڭپ نر ترڃپ شي بمپ۔ [ʋoˈɾoŋ ᵏǀib ˈɲiʃ ˈɾaŋep ˈniɾ taˈɾaɲep ˈʃuj ˈbemep] ʋeˈɾo copy -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈɲiʃ 3.plur.fem ˈɾaŋ sound -ep plur ˈni the -ɾ neut taˈɾaɲ mammal -ep plur ˈʃuj and ˈbem bird -ep plur “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for different/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="n ɔ ˈ ŋ">nɔˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i ɡ u ˈ">t͡ʃiɡuˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="ᵑǀ oː ˈ">ᵑǀoːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t e ˈ t">teˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t aː ˈ d">taːˈd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j au ˈ ɾ">jauˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="n ɔ ˈ ŋ">nɔˈŋ</word>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i ɡ u ˈ">t͡ʃiɡuˈ</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ u ɡ u ˈ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɡ u ˈ">t͡ʃuɡuˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="ᵑǀ oː ˈ">ᵑǀoːˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t e ˈ t">teˈt</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t aː ˈ d">taːˈd</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j au ˈ ɾ">jauˈɾ</word>
- <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="n ɔ ˈ ŋ">nɔˈŋ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ u ɡ u ˈ" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɡ u ˈ">t͡ʃuɡuˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="ᵑǀ oː ˈ">ᵑǀoːˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="t͡ʃ i t e ˈ m">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t e ˈ t">teˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="t">t</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t aː ˈ d">taːˈd</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j au ˈ ɾ">jauˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">nɔˈŋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t͡ʃ i ɡ u ˈ">t͡ʃuɡuˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur.neut">ᵑǀoːˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">t͡ʃiteˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">teˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">t</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">taːˈd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">if</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">jauˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnɔŋ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈɡu</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀoː</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːj</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀɔt</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈtem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtet</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-t</span><br><span class="gls">masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfak</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtaːd</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjauɾ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈnɔŋ t͡ʃuˈɡuŋ ᵏǀib ˈᵑǀoːŋ ˈdoːjuf ˈniɾ ˈᵑǀɔt t͡ʃiˈtem ˈtetif ˈnit ˈfak ˈtaːdif ˈjauɾuk</p> + <p>نڭ چگڭ قۡب نقۡوڭ دويف نر نقۡت چتم تتف نت فك تادف يورك</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈnɔŋ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈɡu</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀoː</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdoːj</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀɔt</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈtem</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtet</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-t</o> + <g>masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfak</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtaːd</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjauɾ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
نڭ چگڭ قۡب نقۡوڭ دويف نر نقۡت چتم تتف نت فك تادف يورك۔ [ˈnɔŋ t͡ʃuˈɡuŋ ᵏǀib ˈᵑǀoːŋ ˈdoːjuf ˈniɾ ˈᵑǀɔt t͡ʃiˈtem ˈtetif ˈnit ˈfak ˈtaːdif ˈjauɾuk] ˈnɔŋ but t͡ʃiˈɡu arise -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈᵑǀoː be -ŋ not.Q ˈdoːj language -if sing ˈni the -ɾ neut ˈᵑǀɔt 1incl.plur t͡ʃiˈtem COMP ˈtet langname -if sing ˈni the -t masc ˈfak in_inside ˈtaːd manner -if sing ˈjauɾ different -ik NOM “But Tet, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for single/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i ɲ a ˈ">piɲaˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɓ">noˈɓ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t a ɡ iː ˈ m">taɡiːˈm</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d a ɡ ɔ ˈ p">daɡɔˈp</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d aː ˈ ɾ">daːˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i ɲ a ˈ">piɲaˈ</word>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɓ">noˈɓ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t a ɡ iː ˈ m">taɡiːˈm</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d a ɡ ɔ ˈ p">daɡɔˈp</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d aː ˈ ɾ">daːˈɾ</word>
<thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i ɲ a ˈ">piɲaˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɓ">noˈɓ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɾ i ˈ ɓ">ɾiˈɓ</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ʃ u ˈ j">ʃuˈj</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t a ɡ iː ˈ m">taɡiːˈm</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ k">faˈk</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d a ɡ ɔ ˈ p">daɡɔˈp</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="d aː ˈ ɾ">daːˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">piɲaˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">noˈɓ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">ɾiˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">ʃuˈj</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">taɡiːˈm</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">faˈk</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">daɡɔˈp</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">daːˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ik</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">piˈɲa</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɾiɓ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃuj</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taˈɡiːm</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfak</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daˈɡɔp</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdaːɾ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>piˈɲaŋ ᵏǀib ˈnoɓ ˈɾiɓik ˈʃuj taˈɡiːmik ˈfak daˈɡɔpuf ˈdaːɾik</p> + <p>پڃڭ قۡب نݐ رݐك شي تگيمك فك دگپف دارك</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>piˈɲa</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnoɓ</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɾiɓ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃuj</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taˈɡiːm</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfak</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daˈɡɔp</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdaːɾ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
پڃڭ قۡب نݐ رݐك شي تگيمك فك دگپف دارك [piˈɲaŋ ᵏǀib ˈnoɓ ˈɾiɓik ˈʃuj taˈɡiːmik ˈfak daˈɡɔpuf ˈdaːɾik] piˈɲa appear -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈnoɓ 3.sing.neut ˈɾiɓ whole -ik NOM ˈʃuj and taˈɡiːm perfect -ik NOM ˈfak in_inside daˈɡɔp breath -if sing ˈdaːɾ single -ik NOM “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ">tit͡ʃɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ">tit͡ʃɔˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t u t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ" underlying="t i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ">tut͡ʃɔˈ</word> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i f">if</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t u t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ" underlying="t i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ">tut͡ʃɔˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n a ɾ">naɾ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="d oː ˈ j">doːˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="u f" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="n i ˈ">niˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="ɾ">ɾ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ ɔ ˈ t">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ">tut͡ʃɔˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">naɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">doːˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="i f">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">niˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">ɾ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ᵑǀɔˈt</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiˈt͡ʃɔ</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɾ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdoːj</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-if</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈni</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀɔt</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span></p> + <p>tuˈt͡ʃɔŋ ᵏǀib naɾ ˈdoːjuf ˈniɾ ˈᵑǀɔt</p> + <p>تچڭ قۡب نر دويف نر نقۡت</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tiˈt͡ʃɔ</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naɾ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdoːj</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-if</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈni</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɾ</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀɔt</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
تچڭ قۡب نر دويف نر نقۡت۔ [tuˈt͡ʃɔŋ ᵏǀib naɾ ˈdoːjuf ˈniɾ ˈᵑǀɔt] tiˈt͡ʃɔ evolve -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST naɾ NEG ˈdoːj language -if sing ˈni the -ɾ neut ˈᵑǀɔt 1incl.plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a ŋ o ˈ">jaŋoˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɓ">noˈɓ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a ŋ o ˈ">jaŋoˈ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ">ŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ᵏǀ i b">ᵏǀib</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɓ">noˈɓ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">jaŋoˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">ŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ᵏǀib</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">noˈɓ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaˈŋo</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋ</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnoɓ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span></p> + <p>jaˈŋoŋ ᵏǀib ˈnoɓ</p> + <p>يڭڭ قۡب نݐ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaˈŋo</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋ</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀib</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnoɓ</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
يڭڭ قۡب نݐ۔ [jaˈŋoŋ ᵏǀib ˈnoɓ] jaˈŋo create -ŋ not.Q ᵏǀib PAST ˈnoɓ 3.sing.neut “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.