A Collection of Texts in Tang
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ ɨ d">ɲɨd</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ə f">t͡ʃəf</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="m a b">mab</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="f a h">fah</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɲ a s">ɲas</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="kʼ ɨ n">kʼɨn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="kʼ ɨ n">kʼɨn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s ə̰ n ə kʼ">sə̰nəkʼ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɲ ɨ d">ɲɨd</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ə f">t͡ʃəf</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="m a b">mab</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="f a h">fah</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɲ a s">ɲas</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="kʼ ɨ n">kʼɨn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="kʼ ɨ n">kʼɨn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="s ə̰ n ə kʼ">sə̰nəkʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">tɨn</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">ɲɨd</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">t͡ʃəf</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">mab</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">fah</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ɲas</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">kʼɨn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">ɡəs</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ba̰n</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">kʼɨn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">sə̰nəkʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tɨn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲɨd</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃəf</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mab</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fah</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲas</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼɨn</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼɨn</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̰nəkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>sam tɨn fɨh ɲɨd t͡ʃəf mab bɨkʼ fah ɲas kʼɨn ɡəs ba̰n kʼɨn sə̰nəkʼ</p> + <p>sam tyn fyh ñyd chef mab bygk fah ñas gkyn ges ba’n gkyn se’negk</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tɨn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲɨd</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃəf</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mab</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fah</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲas</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼɨn</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəs</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼɨn</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̰nəkʼ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam tyn fyh ñyd chef mab bygk fah ñas gkyn ges ba’n gkyn se’negk. [sam tɨn fɨh ɲɨd t͡ʃəf mab bɨkʼ fah ɲas kʼɨn ɡəs ba̰n kʼɨn sə̰nəkʼ] sam PAST tɨn have fɨh plur ɲɨd all t͡ʃəf human being mab in_surface bɨkʼ LOC fah whole ɲas earth kʼɨn one ɡəs language ba̰n and kʼɨn one sə̰nəkʼ dialect “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ ɨ p ai b">ŋɨpaib</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="k ə t͡ʃ">kət͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="d a m">dam</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ ɨ p ai b">ŋɨpaib</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="k ə t͡ʃ">kət͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="d a m">dam</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ŋɨpaib</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fa̰k</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">kət͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">dam</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋɨpaib</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kət͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dam</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span></p> + <p>sam ŋɨpaib fa̰k kət͡ʃ bɨkʼ dam</p> + <p>sam ngypaib fa’k kech bygk dam</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋɨpaib</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kət͡ʃ</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dam</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam ngypaib fa’k kech bygk dam. [sam ŋɨpaib fa̰k kət͡ʃ bɨkʼ dam] sam PAST ŋɨpaib journey fa̰k 3.plur.fem kət͡ʃ from_inside bɨkʼ LOC dam east “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a̰ s">ma̰s</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m a ɡ">maɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ a f ə k">ɲafək</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d ə">də</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="f ə ɡ">fəɡ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a̰ s">ma̰s</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="m a ɡ">maɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ɲ a f ə k">ɲafək</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d ə">də</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="f ə ɡ">fəɡ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ma̰s</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">fa̰k</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">maɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">ɲafək</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">də</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">fəɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma̰s</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡ</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲafək</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">də</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fəɡ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span></p> + <p>ba̰n sam ma̰s fa̰k maɡ ɲafək də bɨkʼ fəɡ</p> + <p>ba’n sam ma’s fa’k mag ñafek de bygk feg</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma̰s</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maɡ</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲafək</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>də</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fəɡ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ba’n sam ma’s fa’k mag ñafek de bygk feg. [ba̰n sam ma̰s fa̰k maɡ ɲafək də bɨkʼ fəɡ] ba̰n and sam PAST ma̰s find fa̰k 3.plur.fem maɡ wide ɲafək plain də in_inside bɨkʼ LOC fəɡ land “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="m a t͡ʃ ɨ n">mat͡ʃɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a ɡ a k">maɡak</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b au kʼ">baukʼ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="m a t͡ʃ ɨ n">mat͡ʃɨn</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a ɡ a k">maɡak</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b au kʼ">baukʼ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">mat͡ʃɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">maɡak</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">fa̰k</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">baukʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mat͡ʃɨn</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡak</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baukʼ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>mat͡ʃɨn sam maɡak fa̰k baukʼ</p> + <p>machyn sam magak fa’k baugk</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mat͡ʃɨn</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maɡak</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baukʼ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Machyn sam magak fa’k baugk. [mat͡ʃɨn sam maɡak fa̰k baukʼ] mat͡ʃɨn thus sam PAST maɡak dwell fa̰k 3.plur.fem baukʼ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
submodule transform_verb_obj
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
- </np>
</subs>
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ </subs>
+ <subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- <subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ ɨ m">ʃɨm</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="s ə̰ h">sə̰h</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="kʼ a">kʼa</thingy> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a s+t a ʃ">dastaʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="s ə̰ h">sə̰h</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="d au ʃ">dauʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="d ə̰ m">də̰m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a s+t a ʃ">dastaʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ŋ ə̰ kʼ a t͡ʃ">ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ ɨ m">ʃɨm</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="s ə̰ h">sə̰h</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="kʼ a">kʼa</thingy> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> - <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a s+t a ʃ">dastaʃ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="s ə̰ h">sə̰h</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="d au ʃ">dauʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="d ə̰ m">də̰m</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a s+t a ʃ">dastaʃ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ŋ ə̰ kʼ a t͡ʃ">ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃɨm</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">fa̰k</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">sə̰h</thingy> + <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">kʼa</thingy> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">dastaʃ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">ba̰n</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">sə̰h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.neut">dauʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ACC">də̰m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">dastaʃ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="fem" number="sing" person="1incl">ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃɨm</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̰h</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼa-</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səbaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dastaʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sə̰h</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dauʃ</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">də̰m</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səbaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dastaʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>sam ʃɨm fa̰k haʃ sə̰h kʼasəbaut͡ʃ dastaʃ ba̰n haʃ sə̰h dauʃ fɨh də̰m səbaut͡ʃ dastaʃ ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</p> + <p>sam shym fa’k hash se’h gkasebauch dastash ba’n hash se’h daush fyh de’m sebauch dastash nge’gkach</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃɨm</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haʃ</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̰h</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼa-</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səbaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dastaʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haʃ</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sə̰h</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dauʃ</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>də̰m</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səbaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dastaʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam shym fa’k hash se’h gkasebauch dastash ba’n hash se’h daush fyh de’m sebauch dastash nge’gkach. [sam ʃɨm fa̰k haʃ sə̰h kʼasəbaut͡ʃ dastaʃ ba̰n haʃ sə̰h dauʃ fɨh də̰m səbaut͡ʃ dastaʃ ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ] sam PAST ʃɨm say fa̰k 3.plur.fem haʃ 1incl.plur sə̰h imperative kʼa- make səbaut͡ʃ brick dastaʃ COMP ba̰n and haʃ 1incl.plur sə̰h imperative dauʃ burn fɨh plur də̰m ACC səbaut͡ʃ brick dastaʃ COMP ŋə̰kʼat͡ʃ thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="h a ɡ au ŋ">haɡauŋ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="t ɨ ŋ">tɨŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" ph="s ə b au t͡ʃ">səbaut͡ʃ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="h a ɡ au ŋ">haɡauŋ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="t ɨ ŋ">tɨŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">tɨn</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">fa̰k</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">səbaut͡ʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">haɡauŋ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">tɨŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tɨn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səbaut͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haɡauŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tɨŋ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span></p> + <p>sam tɨn fa̰k səbaut͡ʃ haɡauŋ bɨkʼ tɨŋ</p> + <p>sam tyn fa’k sebauch hagaung bygk tyng</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tɨn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səbaut͡ʃ</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haɡauŋ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tɨŋ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam tyn fa’k sebauch hagaung bygk tyng. [sam tɨn fa̰k səbaut͡ʃ haɡauŋ bɨkʼ tɨŋ] sam PAST tɨn have fa̰k 3.plur.fem səbaut͡ʃ brick haɡauŋ PURP bɨkʼ LOC tɨŋ stone “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t a f a ʃ">tafaʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="h a ɡ au ŋ">haɡauŋ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ʃ a ŋ a̰ n">ʃaŋa̰n</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="t ɨ n">tɨn</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t a f a ʃ">tafaʃ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="h a ɡ au ŋ">haɡauŋ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ʃ a ŋ a̰ n">ʃaŋa̰n</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">tɨn</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">fa̰k</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">tafaʃ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">haɡauŋ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ʃaŋa̰n</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tɨn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tafaʃ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haɡauŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaŋa̰n</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span></p> + <p>ba̰n sam tɨn fa̰k tafaʃ haɡauŋ bɨkʼ ʃaŋa̰n</p> + <p>ba’n sam tyn fa’k tafash hagaung bygk shanga’n</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tɨn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tafaʃ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haɡauŋ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaŋa̰n</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ba’n sam tyn fa’k tafash hagaung bygk shanga’n. [ba̰n sam tɨn fa̰k tafaʃ haɡauŋ bɨkʼ ʃaŋa̰n] ba̰n and sam PAST tɨn have fa̰k 3.plur.fem tafaʃ slime haɡauŋ PURP bɨkʼ LOC ʃaŋa̰n mortar “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ŋ">paŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="k a p a kʼ">kapakʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f a ŋ">faŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ə f">t͡ʃəf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ŋ">paŋ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="k a p a kʼ">kapakʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="f a ŋ">faŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="t͡ʃ ə f">t͡ʃəf</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">paŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">kapakʼ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">faŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">t͡ʃəf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kapakʼ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faŋ</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃəf</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>paŋ kapakʼ haʃ fɨh faŋ t͡ʃəf</p> + <p>pang kapagk hash fyh fang chef</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paŋ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kapakʼ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haʃ</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faŋ</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃəf</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Pang kapagk hash fyh fang chef. [paŋ kapakʼ haʃ fɨh faŋ t͡ʃəf] paŋ NEG kapakʼ resemble haʃ 1incl.plur fɨh plur faŋ other t͡ʃəf human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="fem" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ə t ɨ n">bətɨn</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ʃ ai ɡ">ʃaiɡ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ʃ au">t͡ʃau</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ə t ɨ n">bətɨn</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ʃ ai ɡ">ʃaiɡ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t͡ʃ au">t͡ʃau</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">bətɨn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">ʃaiɡ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ba̰n</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" role="subj" tr="rheme">t͡ʃau</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">fab</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">ɡəs</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bətɨn</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃau</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fab</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>sam bətɨn ʃaiɡ ba̰n t͡ʃau fab fa̰k fɨh ɡəs</p> + <p>sam betyn shaig ba’n chau fab fa’k fyh ges</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bətɨn</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaiɡ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃau</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fab</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəs</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam betyn shaig ba’n chau fab fa’k fyh ges. [sam bətɨn ʃaiɡ ba̰n t͡ʃau fab fa̰k fɨh ɡəs] sam PAST bətɨn shape ʃaiɡ fight ba̰n and t͡ʃau time fab GEN fa̰k 3.plur.fem fɨh plur ɡəs language “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a b ɨ ŋ">nabɨŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p ə t͡ʃ a̰ f">pət͡ʃa̰f</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h ə h">həh</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b ɨ ŋ">bɨŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a b ɨ ŋ">nabɨŋ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f a̰ k">fa̰k</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p ə t͡ʃ a̰ f">pət͡ʃa̰f</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h ə h">həh</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur" ph="f ɨ h">fɨh</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="b ɨ ŋ">bɨŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nabɨŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">fa̰k</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">fab</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">pət͡ʃa̰f</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">həh</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="plur">fɨh</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">bɨŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nabɨŋ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fab</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pət͡ʃa̰f</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">həh</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨh</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨŋ</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span></p> + <p>sam nabɨŋ fa̰k fɨh fab fɨh pət͡ʃa̰f ba̰n fɨh həh fɨh bɨŋ</p> + <p>sam nabyng fa’k fyh fab fyh pecha’f ba’n fyh heh fyh byng</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nabɨŋ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fa̰k</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fab</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pət͡ʃa̰f</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>həh</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨh</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨŋ</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam nabyng fa’k fyh fab fyh pecha’f ba’n fyh heh fyh byng. [sam nabɨŋ fa̰k fɨh fab fɨh pət͡ʃa̰f ba̰n fɨh həh fɨh bɨŋ] sam PAST nabɨŋ copy fa̰k 3.plur.fem fɨh plur fab GEN fɨh plur pət͡ʃa̰f mammal ba̰n and fɨh plur həh bird fɨh plur bɨŋ sound “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module NRel:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ </np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
- <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f ə̰ n">fə̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f ɨ p ə ɲ">fɨpəɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM" ph="t ə ŋ">təŋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="d ə m">dəm</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="t͡ʃ ə t">t͡ʃət</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d ə">də</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɲ ai s">ɲais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="t a m">tam</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="f ə̰ n">fə̰n</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f ɨ p ə ɲ">fɨpəɲ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM" ph="t ə ŋ">təŋ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="d ə m">dəm</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="t͡ʃ ə t">t͡ʃət</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="f a b">fab</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d ə">də</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɲ ai s">ɲais</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="t a m">tam</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">fə̰n</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">fɨpəɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="NOM">təŋ,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">dəm</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">t͡ʃət</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">fab</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">haʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after">ɡəs,</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">də</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ɲais</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">tam</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fə̰n</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fɨpəɲ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">təŋ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəm</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃət</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fab</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">də</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲais</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tam</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span></p> + <p>fə̰n sam fɨpəɲ təŋ, dəm t͡ʃət fab haʃ ɡəs, də bɨkʼ ɲais tam</p> + <p>fe’n sam fypeñ teng, dem chet fab hash ges, de bygk ñais tam</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>fə̰n</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fɨpəɲ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>təŋ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəm</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃət</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fab</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haʃ</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəs</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>də</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲais</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tam</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Fe’n sam fypeñ teng, dem chet fab hash ges, de bygk ñais tam. [fə̰n sam fɨpəɲ təŋ, dəm t͡ʃət fab haʃ ɡəs, də bɨkʼ ɲais tam] fə̰n but sam PAST fɨpəɲ arise təŋ langname dəm RELPRON t͡ʃət be fab GEN haʃ 1incl.plur ɡəs language də in_inside bɨkʼ LOC ɲais different tam manner “But Tang, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p ɨ s au d">pɨsaud</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n a kʼ">nakʼ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f a h">fah</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɡ ə̰ ŋ au ɲ">ɡə̰ŋauɲ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d ə">də</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ɨ ŋ">ɡɨŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="m a̰ ɲ au f">ma̰ɲauf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p ɨ s au d">pɨsaud</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="n a kʼ">nakʼ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f a h">fah</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="b a̰ n">ba̰n</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɡ ə̰ ŋ au ɲ">ɡə̰ŋauɲ</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d ə">də</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="b ɨ kʼ">bɨkʼ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ɡ ɨ ŋ">ɡɨŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="m a̰ ɲ au f">ma̰ɲauf</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">pɨsaud</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">nakʼ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">fah</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">ba̰n</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">ɡə̰ŋauɲ</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">də</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">bɨkʼ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ɡɨŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ma̰ɲauf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pɨsaud</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nakʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fah</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰n</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡə̰ŋauɲ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">də</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɨkʼ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡɨŋ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma̰ɲauf</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span></p> + <p>sam pɨsaud nakʼ fah ba̰n ɡə̰ŋauɲ də bɨkʼ ɡɨŋ ma̰ɲauf</p> + <p>sam pysaud nagk fah ba’n ge’ngauñ de bygk gyng ma’ñauf</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pɨsaud</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nakʼ</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fah</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰n</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡə̰ŋauɲ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>də</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɨkʼ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡɨŋ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma̰ɲauf</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam pysaud nagk fah ba’n ge’ngauñ de bygk gyng ma’ñauf [sam pɨsaud nakʼ fah ba̰n ɡə̰ŋauɲ də bɨkʼ ɡɨŋ ma̰ɲauf] sam PAST pɨsaud appear nakʼ 3.sing.neut fah whole ba̰n and ɡə̰ŋauɲ perfect də in_inside bɨkʼ LOC ɡɨŋ single ma̰ɲauf breath “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM"> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme">
<thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme"> <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ŋ">paŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ə kʼ ə̰ f">səkʼə̰f</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ŋ">paŋ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s ə kʼ ə̰ f">səkʼə̰f</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h a ʃ">haʃ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="proclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="ɡ ə s">ɡəs</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">paŋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">səkʼə̰f</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">haʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="NOM" tr="theme">ɡəs</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səkʼə̰f</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haʃ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡəs</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>sam paŋ səkʼə̰f haʃ ɡəs</p> + <p>sam pang segke’f hash ges</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paŋ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səkʼə̰f</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haʃ</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡəs</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam pang segke’f hash ges. [sam paŋ səkʼə̰f haʃ ɡəs] sam PAST paŋ NEG səkʼə̰f evolve haʃ 1incl.plur ɡəs language “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k a t͡ʃ ə kʼ">kat͡ʃəkʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a kʼ">nakʼ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s a m">sam</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k a t͡ʃ ə kʼ">kat͡ʃəkʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="n a kʼ">nakʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">sam</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kat͡ʃəkʼ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">nakʼ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sam</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kat͡ʃəkʼ</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nakʼ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span></p> + <p>sam kat͡ʃəkʼ nakʼ</p> + <p>sam kachegk nagk</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sam</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kat͡ʃəkʼ</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nakʼ</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Sam kachegk nagk. [sam kat͡ʃəkʼ nakʼ] sam PAST kat͡ʃəkʼ create nakʼ 3.sing.neut “It was created.” | (14) |
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