A Collection of Texts in Yuki
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
- </relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- </relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="m i" slots="Cir V1">mi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" ph="j o" slots="Cir V1">jo</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː" slots="Cir V1">ɲuː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing" ph="k e" slots="Cir V1">ke</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="h uː" slots="Cir V1">huː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">liˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a n u ˈ n e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">danuˈne</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">liˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="m i" slots="Cir V1">mi</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="m i">mi</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" ph="j o" slots="Cir V1">jo</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː" slots="Cir V1">ɲuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" ph="j o">jo</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː">ɲuː</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing" ph="k e" slots="Cir V1">ke</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing" ph="k e">ke</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="h uː" slots="Cir V1">huː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">liˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="h uː">huː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p i">pi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ">liˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a n u ˈ n e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">danuˈne</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">liˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a n u ˈ n e">danuˈne</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ">liˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="m i">mi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" ph="j o">jo</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː">ɲuː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing" ph="k e">ke</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="h uː">huː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p i">pi</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ">liˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="d a n u ˈ n e">danuˈne</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="l i ˈ">liˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" number="plur" def="def" locus="number">jo</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">duːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ɲuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" number="sing">ke</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing">huː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">keˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">pi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">liˈ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">danuˈne</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">liˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jo</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲuː</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ke</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huː</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈke</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈli</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daˈnune</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈli</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>keː ɡudu ˈduː mi jo ˈduː ɲuː ke huː ˈke jeː pi ˈli ˈhiː daˈnune ˈli</p> + <p>kee gudu duu mi jo duu ñuu ke huu ke jee pi li hii danune li</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>keː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jo</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲuː</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ke</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huː</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈke</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈli</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daˈnune</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈli</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i d o ˈ w aː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">pidoˈwaː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ aː" slots="Cir V1">ɲaː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɲoːˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i d o ˈ w aː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">pidoˈwaː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i d o ˈ w aː">pidoˈwaː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ aː" slots="Cir V1">ɲaː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ aː">ɲaː</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ oː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">ɲoːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ oː ˈ">ɲoːˈ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p i d o ˈ w aː">pidoˈwaː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ aː">ɲaː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ oː ˈ">ɲoːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">pidoˈwaː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">biˈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">ɲaː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">muː</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ɲoːˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">piˈdowaː</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaː</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲoː</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>piˈdowaː ɡudu ˈbi ˈduː ɲaː muː ˈɲoː</p> + <p>pidowaa gudu bi duu ñaa muu ñoo</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>piˈdowaː</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaː</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>muː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲoː</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w iː" slots="Cir V1">wiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="p iː ˈ n u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">piːˈnu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k a d u ˈ d o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">kaduˈdo</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː" slots="Cir V1">duː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w iː" slots="Cir V1">wiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w iː">wiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="p iː ˈ n u" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">piːˈnu</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="p iː ˈ n u">piːˈnu</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k a d u ˈ d o" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">kaduˈdo</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː" slots="Cir V1">duː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k a d u ˈ d o">kaduˈdo</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː">duː</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w iː">wiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="p iː ˈ n u">piːˈnu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k a d u ˈ d o">kaduˈdo</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d uː">duː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">wiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">biˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">piːˈnu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">kaduˈdo</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number">duː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">keˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiː</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːnu</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaˈdudo</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duː</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈke</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ˈhiː wiː ɡudu ˈbi ˈpiːnu kaˈdudo duː muː ˈke</p> + <p>hii wii gudu bi piinu kadudo duu muu ke</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiː</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːnu</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaˈdudo</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>duː</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>muː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈke</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="b a m uː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">bamuːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a r eː ˈ j a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dareːˈja</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tiˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="b a m uː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">bamuːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a r eː ˈ j a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">dareːˈja</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="b a m uː ˈ">bamuːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a r eː ˈ j a">dareːˈja</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">tiˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t i ˈ">tiˈ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="b a m uː ˈ">bamuːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a r eː ˈ j a">dareːˈja</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="t i ˈ">tiˈ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">bamuːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">dareːˈja</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">biˈ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">tiˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baˈmuː</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daˈreːja</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈti</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>baˈmuː daˈreːja ɡudu ˈbi ˈti</p> + <p>bamuu dareeja gudu bi ti</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>baˈmuː</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daˈreːja</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈti</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː" slots="Cir V1">niː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː" slots="Cis V2">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="z a" slots="Cir V1">za</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">maːbuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː" slots="Cis V2">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="d eː" slots="Cir V1">deː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">maːbuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="h e l iː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">heliːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː" slots="Cir V1">niː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː">niː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː" slots="Cis V2">meː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="z a" slots="Cir V1">za</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="z a">za</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">maːbuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː">maːbuː</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː" slots="Cis V2">meː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="d eː" slots="Cir V1">deː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="d eː">deː</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">maːbuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː">maːbuː</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="h e l iː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">heliːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="h e l iː ˈ">heliːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː">niː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː">meː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="z a">za</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː">maːbuː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m eː">meː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="d eː">deː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="m aː b uː">maːbuː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="h e l iː ˈ">heliːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">niː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">biˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">za</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">maːbuː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">noː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">hiːˈ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">luˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">meː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">deː</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">maːbuː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly">heliːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">noː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niː</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡeˈɡaziː</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">meː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">za</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maːbuː</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡeˈɡaziː</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">meː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">deː</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maːbuː</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">heˈliː</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>niː ɡudu ˈbi ˈlu ɡeˈɡaziː jeː meː za maːbuː noː ˈhiː ˈlu ɡeˈɡaziː jeː meː deː maːbuː heˈliː noː</p> + <p>nii gudu bi lu gegazii jee mee za maabuu noo hii lu gegazii jee mee dee maabuu helii noo</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>niː</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡeˈɡaziː</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>meː</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>za</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maːbuː</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noː</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡeˈɡaziː</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>meː</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>deː</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maːbuː</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>heˈliː</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noː</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s e" slots="Cir V1">se</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">palaːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s e" slots="Cir V1">se</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s e">se</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">palaːˈ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ">palaːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ e ɡ a ˈ z iː">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s e">se</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ">palaːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ɡeɡaˈziː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number">se</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">palaːˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡeˈɡaziː</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">se</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paˈlaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>keː ɡudu ˈbi ɡeˈɡaziː se paˈlaː</p> + <p>kee gudu bi gegazii se palaa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>keː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡeˈɡaziː</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>se</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paˈlaː</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k e r u ˈ ɲ e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">keruˈɲe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k o r i ˈ ɲ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">koriˈɲa</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">palaːˈ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː" slots="Cir V1">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k e r u ˈ ɲ e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">keruˈɲe</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k o r i ˈ ɲ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">koriˈɲa</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k e r u ˈ ɲ e">keruˈɲe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k o r i ˈ ɲ a">koriˈɲa</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1">palaːˈ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ">palaːˈ</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="k eː">keː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k e r u ˈ ɲ e">keruˈɲe</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="k o r i ˈ ɲ a">koriˈɲa</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="p a l aː ˈ">palaːˈ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">keː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">keruˈɲe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number">koriˈɲa</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">palaːˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keˈruɲe</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koˈriɲa</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paˈlaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhiː keː ɡudu ˈbi keˈruɲe koˈriɲa paˈlaː</p> + <p>hii kee gudu bi keruñe koriña palaa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>keː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>keˈruɲe</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koˈriɲa</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paˈlaː</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kee gudu duu mi jo duu ñuu ke huu ke jee pi li hii danune li. Pidowaa gudu bi duu ñaa muu ñoo, hii wii gudu bi piinu kadudo duu muu ke, bamuu dareeja gudu bi ti. Nii gudu bi lu gegazii jee mee za maabuu noo hii lu gegazii jee mee dee maabuu helii noo. Kee gudu bi gegazii se palaa, hii kee gudu bi keruñe koriña palaa.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
A Creation Myth
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m aː m a ˈ n i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">maːmaˈni</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">lisa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w i" slots="Cir V1">wi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j o" slots="Cir V1">jo</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m aː m a ˈ n i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">maːmaˈni</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m aː m a ˈ n i">maːmaˈni</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">lisa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a">lisa</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w i" slots="Cir V1">wi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w i">wi</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j o" slots="Cir V1">jo</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j o">jo</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="m aː m a ˈ n i">maːmaˈni</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a">lisa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w i">wi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j o">jo</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">maːmaˈni</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">lisa</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">luˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">wi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">jo</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maːˈmani</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wi</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jo</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>maːˈmani lisa ˈlu wi jo jeː</p> + <p>maamani lisa lu wi jo jee</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>maːˈmani</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisa</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wi</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jo</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p oː d u ˈ b i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">poːduˈbi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n o" slots="Cir V1">no</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m iː" slots="Cir V1">miː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p oː d u ˈ b i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">poːduˈbi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p oː d u ˈ b i">poːduˈbi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n o" slots="Cir V1">no</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n o">no</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m iː" slots="Cir V1">miː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m iː">miː</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p i">pi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p oː d u ˈ b i">poːduˈbi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n o">no</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="m iː">miː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p i">pi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">poːduˈbi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">no</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">miː</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">biˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">pi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poːˈdubi</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">no</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miː</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>poːˈdubi ɡudu no ˈhiː miː ˈbi noː ˈduː pi jeː</p> + <p>poodubi gudu no hii mii bi noo duu pi jee</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>poːˈdubi</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>no</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miː</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noː</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e j uː ˈ ɲ u" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">sejuːˈɲu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɡ oː m e ˈ s i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡoːmeˈsi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k uː" slots="Cir V1">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d a" slots="Cir V1">da</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e j uː ˈ ɲ u" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">sejuːˈɲu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e j uː ˈ ɲ u">sejuːˈɲu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɡ oː m e ˈ s i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡoːmeˈsi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k uː" slots="Cir V1">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d a" slots="Cir V1">da</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː" slots="Cis V2">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɡ oː m e ˈ s i">ɡoːmeˈsi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d a">da</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s e j uː ˈ ɲ u">sejuːˈɲu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ">biˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɡ oː m e ˈ s i">ɡoːmeˈsi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="d a">da</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="j eː">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">sejuːˈɲu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">biˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɡoːmeˈsi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">hiːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">da</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">jeː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">seˈjuːɲu</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡoːˈmesi</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">da</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>seˈjuːɲu ɡudu ˈbi ɡoːˈmesi jeː ˈhiː kuː jeː jeː noː ˈduː da jeː</p> + <p>sejuuñu gudu bi goomesi jee hii kuu jee jee noo duu da jee</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>seˈjuːɲu</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbi</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡoːˈmesi</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noː</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>da</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="l a ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">laˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ i n uː ˈ p iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡinuːˈpiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="r u" slots="Cir V1">ru</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j uː ˈ k i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">juːˈki</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w a ˈ j a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">waˈja</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing" ph="z u ˈ d a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">zuˈda</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="l a ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">laˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ i n uː ˈ p iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡinuːˈpiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="l a ˈ">laˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ i n uː ˈ p iː">ɡinuːˈpiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː" slots="Cis V2">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p i">pi</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="r u" slots="Cir V1">ru</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="r u">ru</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j uː ˈ k i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">juːˈki</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j uː ˈ k i">juːˈki</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w a ˈ j a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">waˈja</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w a ˈ j a">waˈja</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing" ph="z u ˈ d a" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">zuˈda</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing" ph="z u ˈ d a">zuˈda</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="l a ˈ">laˈ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ i n uː ˈ p iː">ɡinuːˈpiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="n oː">noː</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p i">pi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="r u">ru</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j uː ˈ k i">juːˈki</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="w a ˈ j a">waˈja</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing" ph="z u ˈ d a">zuˈda</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">laˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɡinuːˈpiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">luˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">noː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">pi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">ru</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">juːˈki</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">waˈja</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" number="sing">zuˈda</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">keˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈla</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡiˈnuːpiː</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ru</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjuːki</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈwaja</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzuda</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈke</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ˈla ɡiˈnuːpiː ɡudu ˈlu noː ˈduː pi ru ˈduː ˈjuːki ˈwaja ˈzuda muː ˈke</p> + <p>la ginuupii gudu lu noo duu pi ru duu juuki waja zuda muu ke</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈla</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡiˈnuːpiː</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noː</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ru</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjuːki</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈwaja</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzuda</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>muː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈke</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k o b aː ˈ ɲ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">kobaːˈɲa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː" slots="Cir V1">ɲuː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t a w i ˈ r e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">tawiˈre</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e ˈ m i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">teˈmi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɡ a z o ˈ j u" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡazoˈju</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k o b aː ˈ ɲ a" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">kobaːˈɲa</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k o b aː ˈ ɲ a">kobaːˈɲa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː" slots="Cir V1">ɲuː</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d e ˈ">deˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː">ɲuː</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h iː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">hiːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t a w i ˈ r e" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">tawiˈre</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t a w i ˈ r e">tawiˈre</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e ˈ m i" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cmr V2">teˈmi</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e ˈ m i">teˈmi</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɡ a z o ˈ j u" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">ɡazoˈju</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɡ a z o ˈ j u">ɡazoˈju</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː" slots="Cir V1">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">keˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k o b aː ˈ ɲ a">kobaːˈɲa</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d e ˈ">deˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ uː">ɲuː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h iː ˈ">hiːˈ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t a w i ˈ r e">tawiˈre</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e ˈ m i">teˈmi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɡ a z o ˈ j u">ɡazoˈju</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="m uː">muː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="k e ˈ">keˈ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kobaːˈɲa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">deˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ɲuː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">hiːˈ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">tawiˈre</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">teˈmi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" number="sing">ɡazoˈju</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">muː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">keˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koˈbaːɲa</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈde</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲuː</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taˈwire</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtemi</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡaˈzoju</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muː</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈke</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>koˈbaːɲa ɡudu ˈde ɲuː ˈhiː taˈwire ˈtemi ɡaˈzoju muː ˈke</p> + <p>kobaaña gudu de ñuu hii tawire temi gazoju muu ke</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>koˈbaːɲa</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈde</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲuː</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taˈwire</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtemi</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡaˈzoju</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>muː</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈke</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="NOM">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i m i ˈ p i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">simiˈpi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">lisa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i m i ˈ p i" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">simiˈpi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i m i ˈ p i">simiˈpi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">lisa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a">lisa</thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">luˈ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="p i" slots="Cir V1">pi</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="p i">pi</word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i m i ˈ p i">simiˈpi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="l i s a">lisa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="d uː ˈ">duːˈ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="p i">pi</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">simiˈpi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">lisa</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">luˈ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">duːˈ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">pi</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siˈmipi</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈduː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>siˈmipi ɡudu lisa ˈlu ˈduː pi</p> + <p>simipi gudu lisa lu duu pi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>siˈmipi</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisa</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈduː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p o h aː ˈ r iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">pohaːˈriː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deˈ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p o h aː ˈ r iː" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cmr V2">pohaːˈriː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p o h aː ˈ r iː">pohaːˈriː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d e ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">deˈ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d e ˈ">deˈ</word> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p o h aː ˈ r iː">pohaːˈriː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɡ u d u">ɡudu</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cms V2"></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d e ˈ">deˈ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph="" slots="Cis V2"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">pohaːˈriː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɡudu</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">deˈ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poˈhaːriː</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡudu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈde</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>poˈhaːriː ɡudu ˈde</p> + <p>pohaarii gudu de</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>poˈhaːriː</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡudu</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈde</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Maamani lisa lu wi jo jee. Poodubi gudu no hii mii bi noo duu pi jee. Sejuuñu gudu bi goomesi jee hii kuu jee jee noo duu da jee. La ginuupii gudu lu noo duu pi ru duu juuki waja zuda muu ke. Kobaaña gudu de ñuu hii tawire temi gazoju muu ke. Simipi gudu lisa lu duu pi, pohaarii gudu de.
We are not like other people. Their languages were shaped by struggle and time. They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that. But our language arose in a different way. It was born whole and perfect in a single breath. Our language did not evolve; it was created.
Language creation took 0.05 seconds; writing the texts 0.04 seconds.