A Collection of Texts in Ding
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j u f">juf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="f u ʂ">fuʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʂ ai s+k">ʂaisk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʋ u s">ʋus</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈ a ɳ e s+t">ʈaɳest</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j u f">juf</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="f u ʂ">fuʂ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʂ ai s+k">ʂaisk</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʋ u s">ʋus</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d a l">dal</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈ a ɳ e s+t">ʈaɳest</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j u f">juf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="f u ʂ">fuʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʂ ai s+k">ʂaisk</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʋ u s">ʋus</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈ a ɳ e s+t">ʈaɳest</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" ph="ʈʰ ai s">ʈʰais</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">juf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">kuɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">fuʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ʂaisk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ʋus</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">ʈʰais</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">ʈaɳest</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj">ʈʰais</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baiʈ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">juf</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuʂ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂaisk</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋus</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisp</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰais</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaɳest</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰais</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>jaf baiʈel juf kuɲol fuʂ ʂaiskef ʋus t͡ʃem lispel ʈʰais dal ʈaɳestel ʈʰais</p> + <p>jaf bairtel juf kuñol furs rsaiskef wus chem lispel rthais dal rtarnestel rthais</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baiʈ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>juf</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuɲ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuʂ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂaisk</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋus</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisp</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰais</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaɳest</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰais</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf bairtel juf kuñol furs rsaiskef wus chem lispel rthais dal rtarnestel rthais. [jaf baiʈel juf kuɲol fuʂ ʂaiskef ʋus t͡ʃem lispel ʈʰais dal ʈaɳestel ʈʰais] jaf PAST baiʈ have -e active -l POS juf all kuɲ human being -el STA fuʂ whole ʂaisk earth -ef LOC ʋus in_surface t͡ʃem plur lisp language -el STA ʈʰais one dal and ʈaɳest dialect -el STA ʈʰais one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n e s a m">nesam</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="kʼ e kʼ">kʼekʼ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="pʰ i">pʰi</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n e s a m">nesam</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="kʼ e kʼ">kʼekʼ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="pʰ i">pʰi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nesam</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">kʼekʼ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">pʰi</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nesam</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼekʼ</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰi</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span></p> + <p>jaf nesamel ʋiŋ kʼekʼef pʰi</p> + <p>jaf nesamel wing gkegkef phi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nesam</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼekʼ</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰi</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf nesamel wing gkegkef phi. [jaf nesamel ʋiŋ kʼekʼef pʰi] jaf PAST nesam journey -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem kʼekʼ east -ef LOC pʰi from_inside “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɳ a s">ɳas</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="l e ŋ">leŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b i ɡ i k">biɡik</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j e">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʂ a l">ʂal</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="j e">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɳ a s">ɳas</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="l e ŋ">leŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="b i ɡ i k">biɡik</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="j e">je</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʂ a l">ʂal</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="j e">je</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">dal</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɳas</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">leŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">biɡik</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">f</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ʂal</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">f</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">faiʂ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳas</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">leŋ</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɡik</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">je</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂal</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">je</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-f</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>dal jaf ɳasel ʋiŋ leŋ biɡikel jef ʂalef jef faiʂ</p> + <p>dal jaf rnasel wing leng bigikel jef rsalef jef fairs</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳas</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>leŋ</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɡik</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>je</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂal</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>je</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-f</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faiʂ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dal jaf rnasel wing leng bigikel jef rsalef jef fairs. [dal jaf ɳasel ʋiŋ leŋ biɡikel jef ʂalef jef faiʂ] dal and jaf PAST ɳas find -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem leŋ wide biɡik plain -el STA je a -f fem ʂal land -ef LOC je a -f fem faiʂ in_inside “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɡ e ʃ a ʂ">ɡeʃaʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʒ a ɓ o ŋ">ʒaɓoŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f e ŋ">feŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="thus" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɡ e ʃ a ʂ">ɡeʃaʂ</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʒ a ɓ o ŋ">ʒaɓoŋ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f e ŋ">feŋ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɡ e ʃ a ʂ">ɡeʃaʂ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʒ a ɓ o ŋ">ʒaɓoŋ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="f e ŋ">feŋ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ɡeʃaʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʒaɓoŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="e">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">feŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡeʃaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒaɓoŋ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">feŋ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ɡeʃaʂ jaf ʒaɓoŋol ʋiŋ feŋ</p> + <p>geshars jaf zhabbongol wing feng</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡeʃaʂ</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒaɓoŋ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>feŋ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Geshars jaf zhabbongol wing feng. [ɡeʃaʂ jaf ʒaɓoŋol ʋiŋ feŋ] ɡeʃaʂ thus jaf PAST ʒaɓoŋ dwell -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem feŋ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- <subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ </subs>
+ <subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ e d">t͡ʃed</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ o d">t͡ʃod</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="pʰ a ʋ a s">pʰaʋas</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ e d">t͡ʃed</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ o d">t͡ʃod</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a l">dal</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="pʰ a ʋ a s">pʰaʋas</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ e d">t͡ʃed</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="t͡ʃ o d">t͡ʃod</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ʃ au b">ʃaub</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t e">te</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ" ph="ʒ a">ʒa</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="pʰ a ʋ a s">pʰaʋas</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ʃed</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">tʰu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">t͡ʃod</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="e">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">te</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">ʒa</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">dal</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">tʰu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" gender="masc" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur.masc">ʃaub</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="e">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">te</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">ʒa</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="neut" number="sing" person="1incl">pʰaʋas</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃed</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂeʋos</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃod</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒa</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂibiʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂeʋos</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaub</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒa</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂibiʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰaʋas</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>jaf t͡ʃedel ʋiŋ tʰu ʂoʋosol t͡ʃem t͡ʃodol te ʒa ʂibiʂ dal tʰu ʂoʋosol t͡ʃem ʃaubol te ʒa ʂibiʂ pʰaʋas</p> + <p>jaf chedel wing thu rsowosol chem chodol te zha rsibirs dal thu rsowosol chem shaubol te zha rsibirs phawas</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃed</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂeʋos</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃod</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒa</o> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂibiʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂeʋos</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaub</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒa</o> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂibiʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰaʋas</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf chedel wing thu rsowosol chem chodol te zha rsibirs dal thu rsowosol chem shaubol te zha rsibirs phawas. [jaf t͡ʃedel ʋiŋ tʰu ʂoʋosol t͡ʃem t͡ʃodol te ʒa ʂibiʂ dal tʰu ʂoʋosol t͡ʃem ʃaubol te ʒa ʂibiʂ pʰaʋas] jaf PAST t͡ʃed say -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem tʰu 1incl.plur ʂeʋos brick -el STA t͡ʃem plur t͡ʃod make -e active -l POS te imperative ʒa 1incl.plur.SUBJ ʂibiʂ COMP dal and tʰu 1incl.plur ʂeʋos brick -el STA t͡ʃem plur ʃaub burn -e active -l POS te imperative ʒa 1incl.plur.SUBJ ʂibiʂ COMP pʰaʋas thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="l au s+k">lausk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈiɓu</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂeʋos</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="l au s+k">lausk</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o f" underlying="e f">of</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈiɓu</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ u ɓ u" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʂ o ʋ o s" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="l au s+k">lausk</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="o f" underlying="e f">of</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ u ɓ u" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="ʂ e ʋ o s">ʂoʋos</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">lausk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" underlying="e f">of</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baiʈ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂeʋos</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lausk</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈiɓu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>jaf baiʈel ʋiŋ ʂoʋosol lauskof ʈuɓu</p> + <p>jaf bairtel wing rsowosol lauskof rtubbu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baiʈ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂeʋos</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lausk</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈiɓu</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf bairtel wing rsowosol lauskof rtubbu. [jaf baiʈel ʋiŋ ʂoʋosol lauskof ʈuɓu] jaf PAST baiʈ have -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem ʂeʋos brick -el STA lausk stone -ef LOC ʈiɓu PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d e s+t u ɡ">destuɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="kʼ a ɳ a ɖ">kʼaɳaɖ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈiɓu</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d a l">dal</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d e s+t u ɡ">destuɡ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d o s+t u ɡ" underlying="d e s+t u ɡ">dostuɡ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="kʼ a ɳ a ɖ">kʼaɳaɖ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈiɓu</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ u ɓ u" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ai ʈ">baiʈ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="d o s+t u ɡ" underlying="d e s+t u ɡ">dostuɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="kʼ a ɳ a ɖ">kʼaɳaɖ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʈ u ɓ u" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">dal</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">baiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" underlying="d e s+t u ɡ">dostuɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">kʼaɳaɖ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" underlying="ʈ i ɓ u">ʈuɓu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baiʈ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">destuɡ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼaɳaɖ</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈiɓu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>dal jaf baiʈel ʋiŋ dostuɡol kʼaɳaɖef ʈuɓu</p> + <p>dal jaf bairtel wing dostugol gkarnardef rtubbu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baiʈ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>destuɡ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼaɳaɖ</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈiɓu</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dal jaf bairtel wing dostugol gkarnardef rtubbu. [dal jaf baiʈel ʋiŋ dostuɡol kʼaɳaɖef ʈuɓu] dal and jaf PAST baiʈ have -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem destuɡ slime -el STA kʼaɳaɖ mortar -ef LOC ʈiɓu PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/negation/obligatory
Got NEG
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="kʼ a ɳ u ɖ">kʼaɳuɖ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɽ e">ɽe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="kʼ a ɳ u ɖ">kʼaɳuɖ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɽ e">ɽe</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="kʼ a ɳ u ɖ">kʼaɳuɖ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɽ e">ɽe</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="k u ɲ">kuɲ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">kʼaɳuɖ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="e">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG">n</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰu</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">ɽe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="fem">kuɲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼaɳuɖ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-n</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽe</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>kʼaɳuɖon tʰu ɽe kuɲol t͡ʃem</p> + <p>gkarnurdon thu rre kuñol chem</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kʼaɳuɖ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-n</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽe</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuɲ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Gkarnurdon thu rre kuñol chem. [kʼaɳuɖon tʰu ɽe kuɲol t͡ʃem] kʼaɳuɖ resemble -e active -n NEG tʰu 1incl.plur ɽe other kuɲ human being -el STA t͡ʃem plur “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʈʰ a s+t i pʰ">ʈʰastipʰ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n i l">nil</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɽ a ʋ">ɽaʋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʈʰ a s+t i pʰ">ʈʰastipʰ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="n i l">nil</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɽ a ʋ">ɽaʋ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʈʰastipʰ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">nil</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" role="subj" tr="rheme">ɽaʋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ʋiŋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰastipʰ</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nil</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaʋ</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisp</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span></p> + <p>jaf ʈʰastipʰel nilel dal ɽaʋel lispel t͡ʃem ʋiŋ</p> + <p>jaf rthastiphel nilel dal rrawel lispel chem wing</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈʰastipʰ</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nil</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaʋ</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisp</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf rthastiphel nilel dal rrawel lispel chem wing. [jaf ʈʰastipʰel nilel dal ɽaʋel lispel t͡ʃem ʋiŋ] jaf PAST ʈʰastipʰ shape -e active -l POS nil fight -el STA dal and ɽaʋ time -el STA lisp language -el STA t͡ʃem plur ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i m i ʈ">fimiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="pʰ o m">pʰom</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k i j u ɳ">kijuɳ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" ph="z i ʒ">ziʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i m i ʈ">fimiʈ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="pʰ o m">pʰom</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k i j u ɳ">kijuɳ</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k u j u ɳ" underlying="k i j u ɳ">kujuɳ</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="d a l">dal</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" ph="z i ʒ">ziʒ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="f i m i ʈ">fimiʈ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme" ph="pʰ o m">pʰom</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" ph="k u j u ɳ" underlying="k i j u ɳ">kujuɳ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="o l" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner" ph="z i ʒ">ziʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="t͡ʃ e m">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">fimiʈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="fem" gloss="3.plur.fem" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="rheme">pʰom</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" underlying="k i j u ɳ">kujuɳ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" underlying="e l">ol</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" gender="fem">dal</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="owner">ziʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">t͡ʃem</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fimiʈ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰom</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kijuɳ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ziʒ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃem</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>jaf fimiʈel ʋiŋ pʰomol t͡ʃem kujuɳol t͡ʃem dal ziʒel t͡ʃem t͡ʃem</p> + <p>jaf fimirtel wing phomol chem kujurnol chem dal zizhel chem chem</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fimiʈ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>3.plur.fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰom</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kijuɳ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ziʒ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃem</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf fimirtel wing phomol chem kujurnol chem dal zizhel chem chem. [jaf fimiʈel ʋiŋ pʰomol t͡ʃem kujuɳol t͡ʃem dal ziʒel t͡ʃem t͡ʃem] jaf PAST fimiʈ copy -e active -l POS ʋiŋ 3.plur.fem pʰom sound -el STA t͡ʃem plur kijuɳ mammal -el STA t͡ʃem plur dal and ziʒ bird -el STA t͡ʃem plur t͡ʃem plur “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module embed:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning STA
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"/>
</subs>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - </subs> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ ai ʂ">ʂaiʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i f o ɲ">tifoɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɖ i ŋ">ɖiŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k e ʃ">keʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="ɓ a ʂ">ɓaʂ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ i">ɽi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ʋ i ʒ">ʋiʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="j e">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ ai ʂ">ʂaiʂ</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i f o ɲ">tifoɲ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t u f o ɲ" underlying="t i f o ɲ">tufoɲ</word>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɖ i ŋ">ɖiŋ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k e ʃ">keʃ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="ɓ a ʂ">ɓaʂ</thingy>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ i">ɽi</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ʋ i ʒ">ʋiʒ</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="j e">je</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ ai ʂ">ʂaiʂ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t u f o ɲ" underlying="t i f o ɲ">tufoɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="o" underlying="e">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɖ i ŋ">ɖiŋ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k e ʃ">keʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ" ph="ɓ a ʂ">ɓaʂ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing" ph="ʂ i b i ʂ">ʂibiʂ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ɽ i">ɽi</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="ʋ i ʒ">ʋiʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="j e">je</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ʂaiʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="t i f o ɲ">tufoɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="e">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">ɖiŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">tʰu</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.neut">keʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">ɓaʂ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" gender="neut" number="sing">ʂibiʂ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ɽi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ʋiʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">m</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">faiʂ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂaiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tifoɲ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisp</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keʃ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaʂ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂibiʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽi</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiʒ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">je</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ʂaiʂ jaf tufoɲol ɖiŋel lispel tʰu keʃel ɓaʂ ʂibiʂ ɽi ʋiʒef jem faiʂ</p> + <p>rsairs jaf tufoñol rdingel lispel thu keshel bbars rsibirs rri wizhef jem fairs</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʂaiʂ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tifoɲ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖiŋ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisp</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>keʃ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaʂ</o> + <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂibiʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽi</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiʒ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>je</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faiʂ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rsairs jaf tufoñol rdingel lispel thu keshel bbars rsibirs rri wizhef jem fairs. [ʂaiʂ jaf tufoɲol ɖiŋel lispel tʰu keʃel ɓaʂ ʂibiʂ ɽi ʋiʒef jem faiʂ] ʂaiʂ but jaf PAST tifoɲ arise -e active -l POS ɖiŋ langname -el STA lisp language -el STA tʰu 1incl.plur keʃ be -e active -l POS ɓaʂ 3.sing.fem.SUBJ ʂibiʂ COMP ɽi different ʋiʒ manner -ef LOC je a -m neut faiʂ in_inside “But Ding, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʂ i t͡ʃ a j">ʂit͡ʃaj</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l e m">lem</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f u ʂ">fuʂ</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d a l">dal</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="n a ʈʰ u f">naʈʰuf</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="p ai m">paim</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="n e ɲ ai kʼ">neɲaikʼ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="j e">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʂ i t͡ʃ a j">ʂit͡ʃaj</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l e m">lem</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="f u ʂ">fuʂ</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="d a l">dal</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="n a ʈʰ u f">naʈʰuf</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="p ai m">paim</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="n e ɲ ai kʼ">neɲaikʼ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="e f">ef</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="j e">je</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f ai ʂ">faiʂ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʂit͡ʃaj</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">lem</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">fuʂ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">dal</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">naʈʰuf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">paim</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">neɲaikʼ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ef</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">je</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">m</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">faiʂ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂit͡ʃaj</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lem</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuʂ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naʈʰuf</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paim</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">neɲaikʼ</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ef</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">je</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">neut</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>jaf ʂit͡ʃajel lem fuʂ dal naʈʰuf paim neɲaikʼef jem faiʂ</p> + <p>jaf rsichajel lem furs dal narthuf paim neñaigkef jem fairs</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂit͡ʃaj</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lem</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuʂ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naʈʰuf</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paim</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>neɲaikʼ</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ef</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>je</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>neut</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faiʂ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf rsichajel lem furs dal narthuf paim neñaigkef jem fairs [jaf ʂit͡ʃajel lem fuʂ dal naʈʰuf paim neɲaikʼef jem faiʂ] jaf PAST ʂit͡ʃaj appear -e active -l POS lem 3.sing.neut fuʂ whole dal and naʈʰuf perfect paim single neɲaikʼ breath -ef LOC je a -m neut faiʂ in_inside “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/negation/obligatory
Got NEG
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got STA
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʂ a ɡ a s">ʂaɡas</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʂ a ɡ a s">ʂaɡas</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA" ph="l i s+p">lisp</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="tʰ u">tʰu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʂaɡas</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG">n</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" tr="theme" case="STA">lisp</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA">el</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">tʰu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂaɡas</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-n</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lisp</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-el</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">STA</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰu</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span></p> + <p>jaf ʂaɡasen lispel tʰu</p> + <p>jaf rsagasen lispel thu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂaɡas</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-n</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lisp</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-el</o> + <g>STA</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰu</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf rsagasen lispel thu. [jaf ʂaɡasen lispel tʰu] jaf PAST ʂaɡas evolve -e active -n NEG lisp language -el STA tʰu 1incl.plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a ɡ a d">maɡad</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA" ph="l e m">lem</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="j a f">jaf</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a ɡ a d">maɡad</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA" ph="l e m">lem</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">jaf</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">maɡad</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">l</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="neut" gloss="3.sing.neut" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA">lem</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡad</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lem</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut</span></span></p> + <p>jaf maɡadel lem</p> + <p>jaf magadel lem</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaf</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maɡad</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lem</o> + <g>3.sing.neut</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaf magadel lem. [jaf maɡadel lem] jaf PAST maɡad create -e active -l POS lem 3.sing.neut “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.03 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.