A Collection of Texts in Raf
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a ˈ r">faˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɡ">noˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="m e ˈ m">meˈm</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p i ˈ m">piˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ a ˈ b">t͡ʃaˈb</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ a ˈ j">ʃaˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ a ˈ j">ʃaˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʋ a ɣ e ˈ d">ʋaɣeˈd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="f a ˈ r">faˈr</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɡ">noˈɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="m e ˈ m">meˈm</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p i ˈ m">piˈm</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ a ˈ b">t͡ʃaˈb</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ a ˈ j">ʃaˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ a ˈ j">ʃaˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʋ a ɣ e ˈ d">ʋaɣeˈd</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">faˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">noˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">meˈm</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">piˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">t͡ʃaˈb</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʃaˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʃaˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʋaɣeˈd</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɣ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfar</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnoɡ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈmem</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpim</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃab</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃaj</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒair</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃaj</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋaˈɣed</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhiɣum ˈpiːf ˈfar ˈnoɡuŋ ˈmem ˈpiːf ˈpim ˈt͡ʃabuŋ har ˈʃaj ˈʒairuŋ ˈhauf ˈʃaj ʋaˈɣeduŋ</p> + <p>hiğum piif farr nogung mem piif pim chabung harr shaj zhairrung hauf shaj wağedung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiɣ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfar</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnoɡ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈmem</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpim</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃab</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃaj</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒair</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃaj</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋaˈɣed</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hiğum piif farr nogung mem piif pim chabung harr shaj zhairrung hauf shaj wağedung. [ˈhiɣum ˈpiːf ˈfar ˈnoɡuŋ ˈmem ˈpiːf ˈpim ˈt͡ʃabuŋ har ˈʃaj ˈʒairuŋ ˈhauf ˈʃaj ʋaˈɣeduŋ] h- active ˈiɣ have -u PAST -m indicative ˈpiːf the ˈfar all ˈnoɡ human being -uŋ NOM ˈmem in_surface ˈpiːf the ˈpim whole ˈt͡ʃab earth -uŋ NOM har plur ˈʃaj one ˈʒair language -uŋ NOM ˈhauf and ˈʃaj one ʋaˈɣed dialect -uŋ NOM “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a m u ˈ m">amuˈm</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="d i ˈ ŋ">diˈŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="z o ˈ z">zoˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a m u ˈ m">amuˈm</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="d i ˈ ŋ">diˈŋ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="z o ˈ z">zoˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">amuˈm</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">leːˈm</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">diˈŋ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">zoˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈamum</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzoz</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>haˈmumum ˈleːm ˈdiŋ ˈpiːf ˈzozuŋ</p> + <p>hamumum leem ding piif zozung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈamum</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdiŋ</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzoz</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hamumum leem ding piif zozung. [haˈmumum ˈleːm ˈdiŋ ˈpiːf ˈzozuŋ] h- active ˈamum journey -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ˈdiŋ from_inside ˈpiːf the ˈzoz east -uŋ NOM “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="e ˈ h">eˈh</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t">t͡ʃiˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t u x i ˈ z">tuxiˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p i ˈ ɾ">piˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="e ˈ h">eˈh</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ i ˈ t">t͡ʃiˈt</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t u x i ˈ z">tuxiˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="p i ˈ ɾ">piˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">hauˈf</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">eˈh</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">t͡ʃiˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">tuxiˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number">piˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈeh</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈt͡ʃit</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuˈxiz</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲeːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhauf ˈhehum ˈleːm ˈt͡ʃit tuˈxizuŋ ˈɲeːɲ ˈpiɾuŋ</p> + <p>hauf hehum leem chit tukhizung ñeeñ pirung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈeh</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈt͡ʃit</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuˈxiz</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲeːɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiɾ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hauf hehum leem chit tukhizung ñeeñ pirung. [ˈhauf ˈhehum ˈleːm ˈt͡ʃit tuˈxizuŋ ˈɲeːɲ ˈpiɾuŋ] ˈhauf and h- active ˈeh find -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ˈt͡ʃit wide tuˈxiz plain -uŋ NOM ˈɲeːɲ in_inside ˈpiɾ land -uŋ NOM “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="j a z i ˈ l">jaziˈl</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ʒ a ˈ ʃ">aʒaˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b o ˈ b">boˈb</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="j a z i ˈ l">jaziˈl</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ʒ a ˈ ʃ">aʒaˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b o ˈ b">boˈb</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">jaziˈl</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aʒaˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">boˈb</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaˈzil</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaʒaʃ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbob</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>jaˈzil haˈʒaʃum ˈleːm ˈbob</p> + <p>jazil hazhashum leem bob</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaˈzil</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈaʒaʃ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbob</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jazil hazhashum leem bob. [jaˈzil haˈʒaʃum ˈleːm ˈbob] jaˈzil thus h- active ˈaʒaʃ dwell -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ˈbob there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <subs> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/mode/obligatory
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/mode/obligatory
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɲ">iˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="uː ˈ t͡ʃ">uːˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="u d">ud</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ʃ i p i ˈ f">ʃipiˈf</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="aː ˈ ŋ">aːˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="u d">ud</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ʃ i p i ˈ f">ʃipiˈf</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h i b i ˈ m">hibiˈm</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɲ">iˈɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="uː ˈ t͡ʃ">uːˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="u d">ud</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ʃ i p i ˈ f">ʃipiˈf</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur" ph="aː ˈ ŋ">aːˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="u d">ud</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="ʃ i p i ˈ f">ʃipiˈf</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl" ph="h i b i ˈ m">hibiˈm</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">iˈɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">leːˈm</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">hiˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">uːˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">x</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ud</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">ʃipiˈf</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">hauˈf</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">hiˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur" obj="3.plur">aːˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">x</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ud</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">ʃipiˈf</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">hibiˈm</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuːt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-x</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaˈɣuːf</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ud</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiˈpif</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaːŋ</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-x</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaˈɣuːf</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ud</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiˈpif</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiˈbim</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ˈhiɲum ˈleːm ˈhib ˈhuːt͡ʃix ŋaˈɣuːfud har ʃiˈpif ˈhauf ˈhib ˈhaːŋix ŋaˈɣuːfud har ʃiˈpif hiˈbim</p> + <p>hiñum leem hib huuchikh ngağuufud harr shipif hauf hib haangikh ngağuufud harr shipif hibim</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiɲ</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuːt͡ʃ</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-x</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaˈɣuːf</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ud</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiˈpif</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈaːŋ</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-x</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaˈɣuːf</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ud</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiˈpif</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hiˈbim</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hiñum leem hib huuchikh ngağuufud harr shipif hauf hib haangikh ngağuufud harr shipif hibim. [ˈhiɲum ˈleːm ˈhib ˈhuːt͡ʃix ŋaˈɣuːfud har ʃiˈpif ˈhauf ˈhib ˈhaːŋix ŋaˈɣuːfud har ʃiˈpif hiˈbim] h- active ˈiɲ say -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ˈhib 1incl.plur h- active ˈuːt͡ʃ make -i PRES -x imperative ŋaˈɣuːf brick -ud ACC har plur ʃiˈpif COMP ˈhauf and ˈhib 1incl.plur h- active ˈaːŋ burn -i PRES -x imperative ŋaˈɣuːf brick -ud ACC har plur ʃiˈpif COMP hiˈbim thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="l a ɲ aː ˈ r">laɲaːˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h i ˈ ŋ">hiˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ɣ uː ˈ f">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="l a ɲ aː ˈ r">laɲaːˈr</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h i ˈ ŋ">hiˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ŋaɣuːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">laɲaːˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number">hiˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɣ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaˈɣuːf</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laˈɲaːr</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhiɣum ˈleːm ŋaˈɣuːfuŋ laˈɲaːr ˈhiŋuŋ</p> + <p>hiğum leem ngağuufung lañaarr hingung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiɣ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaˈɣuːf</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laˈɲaːr</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhiŋ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hiğum leem ngağuufung lañaarr hingung. [ˈhiɣum ˈleːm ŋaˈɣuːfuŋ laˈɲaːr ˈhiŋuŋ] h- active ˈiɣ have -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ŋaˈɣuːf brick -uŋ NOM laˈɲaːr PURP ˈhiŋ stone -uŋ NOM “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ i f ai ˈ x">ɡifaiˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="l a ɲ aː ˈ r">laɲaːˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ a j a ˈ m">ʒajaˈm</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="i ˈ ɣ">iˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ i f ai ˈ x">ɡifaiˈx</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="l a ɲ aː ˈ r">laɲaːˈr</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ a j a ˈ m">ʒajaˈm</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">hauˈf</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">iˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ɡifaiˈx</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">laɲaːˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number">ʒajaˈm</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiɣ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡiˈfaix</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laˈɲaːr</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒaˈjam</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈhauf ˈhiɣum ˈleːm ɡiˈfaixuŋ laˈɲaːr ʒaˈjamuŋ</p> + <p>hauf hiğum leem gifaikhung lañaarr zhajamung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiɣ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡiˈfaix</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laˈɲaːr</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒaˈjam</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hauf hiğum leem gifaikhung lañaarr zhajamung. [ˈhauf ˈhiɣum ˈleːm ɡiˈfaixuŋ laˈɲaːr ʒaˈjamuŋ] ˈhauf and h- active ˈiɣ have -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ɡiˈfaix slime -uŋ NOM laˈɲaːr PURP ʒaˈjam mortar -uŋ NOM “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="au ʃ a ˈ ʒ">auʃaˈʒ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="z e ˈ r">zeˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɡ">noˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="au ʃ a ˈ ʒ">auʃaˈʒ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="z e ˈ r">zeˈr</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="n o ˈ ɡ">noˈɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">auʃaˈʒ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">hiˈb</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">zeˈr</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">noˈɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈauʃaʒ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈzer</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnoɡ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ hauˈʃaʒim ˈhib ˈzer ˈnoɡuŋ har</p> + <p>paw haushazhim hib zerr nogung harr</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈauʃaʒ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈzer</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnoɡ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw haushazhim hib zerr nogung harr. [paʋ hauˈʃaʒim ˈhib ˈzer ˈnoɡuŋ har] paʋ NEG h- active ˈauʃaʒ resemble -i PRES -m indicative ˈhib 1incl.plur ˈzer other ˈnoɡ human being -uŋ NOM har plur “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" number="plur"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="e t i ˈ ʃ">etiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d i ˈ z">diˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɣ uː ˈ t">ɣuːˈt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="e t i ˈ ʃ">etiˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="d i ˈ z">diˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɣ uː ˈ t">ɣuːˈt</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">etiˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">diˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">ɣuːˈt</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">leːˈm</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈetiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdiz</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɣuːt</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒair</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>heˈtiʃum ˈdizuŋ ˈhauf ˈɣuːtuŋ ˈleːm ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ har</p> + <p>hetishum dizung hauf ğuutung leem piif zhairrung harr</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈetiʃ</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdiz</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɣuːt</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒair</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hetishum dizung hauf ğuutung leem piif zhairrung harr. [heˈtiʃum ˈdizuŋ ˈhauf ˈɣuːtuŋ ˈleːm ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ har] h- active ˈetiʃ shape -u PAST -m indicative ˈdiz fight -uŋ NOM ˈhauf and ˈɣuːt time -uŋ NOM ˈleːm 3.plur ˈpiːf the ˈʒair language -uŋ NOM har plur “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" number="plur"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a d a ˈ s+k">adaˈsk</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʃ a f i ˈ ɣ">ʃafiˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i t">it</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p uː ˈ z">puːˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i t">it</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t a ˈ z">taˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a d a ˈ s+k">adaˈsk</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l eː ˈ m">leːˈm</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʃ a f i ˈ ɣ">ʃafiˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i t">it</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p uː ˈ z">puːˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i t">it</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="t a ˈ z">taˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="h a r">har</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">adaˈsk</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">leːˈm</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʃafiˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">it</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">puːˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">it</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">taˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">har</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈadask</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈleːm</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaˈfiɣ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpuːz</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-it</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtaz</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">har</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>haˈdaskum ˈleːm ʃaˈfiɣit har ˈhauf ˈpuːzit har har ˈpiːf ˈtazuŋ har</p> + <p>hadaskum leem shafiğit harr hauf puuzit harr harr piif tazung harr</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈadask</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈleːm</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaˈfiɣ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpuːz</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-it</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtaz</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>har</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hadaskum leem shafiğit harr hauf puuzit harr harr piif tazung harr. [haˈdaskum ˈleːm ʃaˈfiɣit har ˈhauf ˈpuːzit har har ˈpiːf ˈtazuŋ har] h- active ˈadask copy -u PAST -m indicative ˈleːm 3.plur ʃaˈfiɣ mammal -it GEN har plur ˈhauf and ˈpuːz bird -it GEN har plur har plur ˈpiːf the ˈtaz sound -uŋ NOM har plur “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module NRel:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np id="parent">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <relp comma="after">
+ <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np id="parent" case="NOM">
+ <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<relp comma="after">
<np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
<word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="NOM" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="x aː ˈ ʒ">xaːˈʒ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a l i ˈ b">aliˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="r aː ˈ f">raːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="o ˈ t͡ʃ">oˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" comma="after" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ ai ˈ ɲ">ʒaiˈɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="j a ˈ t͡ʃ">jaˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="x aː ˈ ʒ">xaːˈʒ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a l i ˈ b">aliˈb</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="r aː ˈ f">raːˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" ph="l u ˈ">luˈ</word> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="o ˈ t͡ʃ">oˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" comma="after" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʒ ai ˈ ɲ">ʒaiˈɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="j a ˈ t͡ʃ">jaˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">xaːˈʒ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aliˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp">raːˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">luˈ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">oˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">i</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">hiˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" comma="after">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ,</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number">ʒaiˈɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number">jaˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxaːʒ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈalib</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈraːf</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈlu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒair</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲeːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒaiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈjat͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈxaːʒ haˈlibum ˈpiːf ˈraːfuŋ, ˈlu ˈhot͡ʃim ˈhib ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ, ˈɲeːɲ ˈʒaiɲ ˈjat͡ʃuŋ</p> + <p>khaazh halibum piif rraafung, lu hochim hib piif zhairrung, ñeeñ zhaiñ jachung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈxaːʒ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈalib</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈraːf</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈlu</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈot͡ʃ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒair</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲeːɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒaiɲ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈjat͡ʃ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Khaazh halibum piif rraafung, lu hochim hib piif zhairrung, ñeeñ zhaiñ jachung. [ˈxaːʒ haˈlibum ˈpiːf ˈraːfuŋ, ˈlu ˈhot͡ʃim ˈhib ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ, ˈɲeːɲ ˈʒaiɲ ˈjat͡ʃuŋ] ˈxaːʒ but h- active ˈalib arise -u PAST -m indicative ˈpiːf the ˈraːf langname -uŋ NOM ˈlu RELPRON h- active ˈot͡ʃ be -i PRES -m indicative ˈhib 1incl.plur ˈpiːf the ˈʒair language -uŋ NOM ˈɲeːɲ in_inside ˈʒaiɲ different ˈjat͡ʃ manner -uŋ NOM “But Raf, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a n a ˈ ʋ">anaˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɡ a ˈ ʒ">ɡaˈʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="p i ˈ m">piˈm</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɾ u t͡ʃ i ˈ n">ɾut͡ʃiˈn</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ˈ p">ʋiˈp</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ u ʒ i ˈ ŋ">ʃuʒiˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a n a ˈ ʋ">anaˈʋ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɡ a ˈ ʒ">ɡaˈʒ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="p i ˈ m">piˈm</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="h au ˈ f">hauˈf</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɾ u t͡ʃ i ˈ n">ɾut͡ʃiˈn</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɲ eː ˈ ɲ">ɲeːˈɲ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ˈ p">ʋiˈp</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ u ʒ i ˈ ŋ">ʃuʒiˈŋ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">anaˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɡaˈʒ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">piˈm</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">hauˈf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">ɾut͡ʃiˈn</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɲeːˈɲ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number">ʋiˈp</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number">ʃuʒiˈŋ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈanaʋ</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpim</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhauf</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuˈt͡ʃin</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɲeːɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʋip</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃuˈʒiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>haˈnaʋum ˈɡaʒ ˈpim ˈhauf ɾuˈt͡ʃin ˈɲeːɲ ˈʋip ʃuˈʒiŋuŋ</p> + <p>hanawum gazh pim hauf ruchin ñeeñ wip shuzhingung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈanaʋ</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡaʒ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpim</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhauf</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuˈt͡ʃin</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɲeːɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʋip</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃuˈʒiŋ</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hanawum gazh pim hauf ruchin ñeeñ wip shuzhingung [haˈnaʋum ˈɡaʒ ˈpim ˈhauf ɾuˈt͡ʃin ˈɲeːɲ ˈʋip ʃuˈʒiŋuŋ] h- active ˈanaʋ appear -u PAST -m indicative ˈɡaʒ 3.sing ˈpim whole ˈhauf and ɾuˈt͡ʃin perfect ˈɲeːɲ in_inside ˈʋip single ʃuˈʒiŋ breath -uŋ NOM “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i t͡ʃ u ˈ b">it͡ʃuˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i t͡ʃ u ˈ b">it͡ʃuˈb</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h i ˈ b">hiˈb</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="p iː ˈ f">piːˈf</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM" ph="ʒ ai ˈ r">ʒaiˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u ŋ">uŋ</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">it͡ʃuˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">hiˈb</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">piːˈf</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="NOM">ʒaiˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">uŋ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈit͡ʃub</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpiːf</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʒair</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uŋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>paʋ hiˈt͡ʃubum ˈhib ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ</p> + <p>paw hichubum hib piif zhairrung</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈit͡ʃub</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈpiːf</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʒair</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uŋ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw hichubum hib piif zhairrung. [paʋ hiˈt͡ʃubum ˈhib ˈpiːf ˈʒairuŋ] paʋ NEG h- active ˈit͡ʃub evolve -u PAST -m indicative ˈhib 1incl.plur ˈpiːf the ˈʒair language -uŋ NOM “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module NRel:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="aː m i ˈ ɣ">aːmiˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɡ a ˈ ʒ">ɡaˈʒ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="aː m i ˈ ɣ">aːmiˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɡ a ˈ ʒ">ɡaˈʒ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active">h</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aːmiˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative">m</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">ɡaˈʒ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈaːmiɣ</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡaʒ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>haːˈmiɣum ˈɡaʒ</p> + <p>haamiğum gazh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈaːmiɣ</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡaʒ</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Haamiğum gazh. [haːˈmiɣum ˈɡaʒ] h- active ˈaːmiɣ create -u PAST -m indicative ˈɡaʒ 3.sing “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.02 seconds; writing the texts 0.04 seconds.