A Collection of Texts in Dad
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ">biɓ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i ʃ">tʰˤiʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="h ə ɗ">həɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ʃ ə̰ k">ʃə̰k</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="pʰ ə̰ ɓ">pʰə̰ɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="b i f">bif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ a">ɡa</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="k u h ə̰ pʰ">kuhə̰pʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ a">ɡa</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ɓ">biɓ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i ʃ">tʰˤiʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="h ə ɗ">həɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ʃ ə̰ k">ʃə̰k</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="pʰ ə̰ ɓ">pʰə̰ɓ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="b i f">bif</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ a">ɡa</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="k u h ə̰ pʰ">kuhə̰pʰ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ a">ɡa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ḭsˤ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">biɓ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">tʰˤiʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">həɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">ʃə̰k</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">pʰə̰ɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">bif</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ɡa</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">kuhə̰pʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ɡa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɓ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">həɗ</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃə̰k</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰə̰ɓ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bif</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaiɗ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡa</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuhə̰pʰ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡa</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>pḭsˤ biɓ tʰˤiʃḭɓ həɗṵp ʃə̰k pʰə̰ɓṵp pʰib bif ʃaiɗṵp ɡa tau kuhə̰pʰṵp ɡa</p> + <p>пи’съ биб̱ ҭъиши’б̱ гәд̱у’п шә’к ԥә’б̱у’п ԥиб биф шайд̱у’п ґа таў кугә’ԥу’п ґа</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ḭsˤ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɓ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤiʃ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>həɗ</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃə̰k</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰə̰ɓ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bif</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaiɗ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡa</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuhə̰pʰ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡa</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пи’съ биб̱ ҭъиши’б̱ гәд̱у’п шә’к ԥә’б̱у’п ԥиб биф шайд̱у’п ґа таў кугә’ԥу’п ґа. [pḭsˤ biɓ tʰˤiʃḭɓ həɗṵp ʃə̰k pʰə̰ɓṵp pʰib bif ʃaiɗṵp ɡa tau kuhə̰pʰṵp ɡa] p- PAST ḭsˤ have biɓ all tʰˤiʃ human being -ḭɓ plur həɗ surface -ṵp sing ʃə̰k whole pʰə̰ɓ earth -ṵp sing pʰib LOC bif in ʃaiɗ language -ṵp sing ɡa one tau and kuhə̰pʰ dialect -ṵp sing ɡa one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="ABL">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="ABL">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="ABL" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABL" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABL" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="ABL" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" case="ABL">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="ABL" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="ABL">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i dˤ a pʰ u tˤ">idˤapʰutˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL" ph="s a t">sat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL" ph="tˤ u ɗˤ">tˤuɗˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="kʰ ə̰ ʃ">kʰə̰ʃ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i dˤ a pʰ u tˤ">idˤapʰutˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL" ph="s a t">sat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL" ph="tˤ u ɗˤ">tˤuɗˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="kʰ ə̰ ʃ">kʰə̰ʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">idˤapʰutˤ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="ABL">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABL">sat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ABL">tˤuɗˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">kʰə̰ʃ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">idˤapʰutˤ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗat</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sat</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤuɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABL</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʰə̰ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>pidˤapʰutˤ tʰaid ɗatṵp satṵp tˤuɗˤ kʰə̰ʃ</p> + <p>пидъаԥутъ ҭайд д̱ату’п сату’п тъуд̱ъ қә’ш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>idˤapʰutˤ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗat</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sat</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤuɗˤ</o> + <g>ABL</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʰə̰ʃ</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пидъаԥутъ ҭайд д̱ату’п сату’п тъуд̱ъ қә’ш. [pidˤapʰutˤ tʰaid ɗatṵp satṵp tˤuɗˤ kʰə̰ʃ] p- PAST idˤapʰutˤ journey tʰaid 3.plur ɗat inside -ṵp sing sat east -ṵp sing tˤuɗˤ ABL kʰə̰ʃ from “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="t au">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="au f">auf</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s au ɡ">sauɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a sˤ i ɗˤ">fasˤiɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="sˤ a ɡ">sˤaɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b i f">bif</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="t au">tau</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="au f">auf</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s au ɡ">sauɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a sˤ i ɗˤ">fasˤiɗˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="sˤ a ɡ">sˤaɡ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b i f">bif</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">auf</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">sauɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">fasˤiɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">sˤaɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">bif</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auf</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sauɡ</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasˤiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗat</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤaɡ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bif</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>tau pauf tʰaid sauɡ fasˤiɗˤṵp ɗatṵp sˤaɡṵp pʰib bif</p> + <p>таў паўф ҭайд саўґ фасъид̱ъу’п д̱ату’п съаґу’п ԥиб биф</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>auf</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sauɡ</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasˤiɗˤ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗat</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤaɡ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bif</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Таў паўф ҭайд саўґ фасъид̱ъу’п д̱ату’п съаґу’п ԥиб биф. [tau pauf tʰaid sauɡ fasˤiɗˤṵp ɗatṵp sˤaɡṵp pʰib bif] tau and p- PAST auf find tʰaid 3.plur sauɡ wide fasˤiɗˤ plain -ṵp sing ɗat inside -ṵp sing sˤaɡ land -ṵp sing pʰib LOC bif in “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɡ ḭ t a p">ɡḭtap</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ɗ a d u sˤ">aɗadusˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b ai sˤ">baisˤ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɡ ḭ t a p">ɡḭtap</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ɗ a d u sˤ">aɗadusˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b ai sˤ">baisˤ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ɡḭtap</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aɗadusˤ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">baisˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡḭtap</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aɗadusˤ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baisˤ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ɡḭtap paɗadusˤ tʰaid baisˤ</p> + <p>ґи’тап пад̱адусъ ҭайд байсъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡḭtap</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aɗadusˤ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>baisˤ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ґи’тап пад̱адусъ ҭайд байсъ. [ɡḭtap paɗadusˤ tʰaid baisˤ] ɡḭtap thus p- PAST aɗadusˤ dwell tʰaid 3.plur baisˤ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> </np> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> </np> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a p">ap</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ə f">əf</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="b ḭ sˤ">bḭsˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ḭ k">ḭk</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="b ḭ sˤ">bḭsˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" ph="ʃ a̰ ɗˤ ə dˤ">ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a p">ap</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ə f">əf</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="b ḭ sˤ">bḭsˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ḭ k">ḭk</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="b ḭ sˤ">bḭsˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" ph="ʃ a̰ ɗˤ ə dˤ">ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ap</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">əf</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">bḭsˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur">tʰˤib</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">ḭk</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">bḭsˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur">tʰˤib</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ap</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">əf</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bḭsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faʃad</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭk</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bḭsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faʃad</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span></p> + <p>pap tʰaid sˤəf bḭsˤ faʃadḭɓ tiɗˤ tʰˤib tau sˤḭk bḭsˤ faʃadḭɓ ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ tiɗˤ tʰˤib</p> + <p>пап ҭайд съәф би’съ фашади’б̱ тид̱ъ ҭъиб таў съи’к би’съ фашади’б̱ ша’д̱ъәдъ тид̱ъ ҭъиб</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ap</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>əf</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bḭsˤ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faʃad</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ḭk</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bḭsˤ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faʃad</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пап ҭайд съәф би’съ фашади’б̱ тид̱ъ ҭъиб таў съи’к би’съ фашади’б̱ ша’д̱ъәдъ тид̱ъ ҭъиб. [pap tʰaid sˤəf bḭsˤ faʃadḭɓ tiɗˤ tʰˤib tau sˤḭk bḭsˤ faʃadḭɓ ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ tiɗˤ tʰˤib] p- PAST ap say tʰaid 3.plur sˤ- PRES əf make bḭsˤ imperative faʃad brick -ḭɓ plur tiɗˤ GEN tʰˤib 1incl.plur tau and sˤ- PRES ḭk burn bḭsˤ imperative faʃad brick -ḭɓ plur ʃa̰ɗˤədˤ thoroughly tiɗˤ GEN tʰˤib 1incl.plur “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ɡ u tʰ">ɡutʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="tʰˤ u ɗˤ a̰ ɗ">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="f a ʃ a d">faʃad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ɡ u tʰ">ɡutʰ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="tʰˤ u ɗˤ a̰ ɗ">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ḭsˤ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">faʃad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">ɡutʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faʃad</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡutʰ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>pḭsˤ tʰaid faʃadṵp ɡutʰṵp pʰib tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</p> + <p>пи’съ ҭайд фашаду’п ґуҭу’п ԥиб ҭъуд̱ъа’д̱</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ḭsˤ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faʃad</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡutʰ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пи’съ ҭайд фашаду’п ґуҭу’п ԥиб ҭъуд̱ъа’д̱. [pḭsˤ tʰaid faʃadṵp ɡutʰṵp pʰib tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ] p- PAST ḭsˤ have tʰaid 3.plur faʃad brick -ṵp sing ɡutʰ stone -ṵp sing pʰib LOC tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="t au">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="pʰ a̰ f ə sˤ">pʰa̰fəsˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="p i ɓ a ʃ">piɓaʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="tʰˤ u ɗˤ a̰ ɗ">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="t au">tau</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ sˤ">ḭsˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="pʰ a̰ f ə sˤ">pʰa̰fəsˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="p i ɓ a ʃ">piɓaʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="tʰˤ u ɗˤ a̰ ɗ">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">tau</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ḭsˤ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">pʰa̰fəsˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">piɓaʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰa̰fəsˤ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">piɓaʃ</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>tau pḭsˤ tʰaid pʰa̰fəsˤṵp piɓaʃṵp pʰib tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</p> + <p>таў пи’съ ҭайд ԥа’фәсъу’п пиб̱ашу’п ԥиб ҭъуд̱ъа’д̱</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ḭsˤ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰa̰fəsˤ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>piɓaʃ</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Таў пи’съ ҭайд ԥа’фәсъу’п пиб̱ашу’п ԥиб ҭъуд̱ъа’д̱. [tau pḭsˤ tʰaid pʰa̰fəsˤṵp piɓaʃṵp pʰib tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ] tau and p- PAST ḭsˤ have tʰaid 3.plur pʰa̰fəsˤ slime -ṵp sing piɓaʃ mortar -ṵp sing pʰib LOC tʰˤuɗˤa̰ɗ PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="i d a̰ ʃ i s">ida̰ʃis</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="b a̰ sˤ">ba̰sˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="tˤ au p">tˤaup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i ʃ">tʰˤiʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="i d a̰ ʃ i s">ida̰ʃis</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="b a̰ sˤ">ba̰sˤ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="tˤ au p">tˤaup</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ i ʃ">tʰˤiʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">ida̰ʃis</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ba̰sˤ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰˤib</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">tˤaup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">tʰˤiʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ida̰ʃis</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤaup</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤiʃ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>sˤida̰ʃis ba̰sˤ tʰˤib tˤaup tʰˤiʃḭɓ</p> + <p>съида’шис ба’съ ҭъиб тъаўп ҭъиши’б̱</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>sˤ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ida̰ʃis</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰sˤ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤaup</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤiʃ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Съида’шис ба’съ ҭъиб тъаўп ҭъиши’б̱. [sˤida̰ʃis ba̰sˤ tʰˤib tˤaup tʰˤiʃḭɓ] sˤ- PRES ida̰ʃis resemble ba̰sˤ NEG tʰˤib 1incl.plur tˤaup other tʰˤiʃ human being -ḭɓ plur “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="au ɗ i t a b">auɗitab</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s a k">sak</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="pʰ i ɗˤ">pʰiɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="au ɗ i t a b">auɗitab</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s a k">sak</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t au">tau</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="pʰ i ɗˤ">pʰiɗˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">auɗitab</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">sak</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">pʰiɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰaid</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">auɗitab</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sak</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaiɗ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>pauɗitab sakṵp tau pʰiɗˤṵp ʃaiɗḭɓ tʰaid tiɗˤ</p> + <p>паўд̱итаб саку’п таў ԥид̱ъу’п шайд̱и’б̱ ҭайд тид̱ъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>auɗitab</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sak</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰiɗˤ</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaiɗ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Паўд̱итаб саку’п таў ԥид̱ъу’п шайд̱и’б̱ ҭайд тид̱ъ. [pauɗitab sakṵp tau pʰiɗˤṵp ʃaiɗḭɓ tʰaid tiɗˤ] p- PAST auɗitab shape sak fight -ṵp sing tau and pʰiɗˤ time -ṵp sing ʃaiɗ language -ḭɓ plur tʰaid 3.plur tiɗˤ GEN “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ʃ i b i">aʃibi</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p a tʰˤ">patʰˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ a d a tʰ">tʰˤadatʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t au">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ a sˤ">tʰˤasˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a ʃ i b i">aʃibi</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="tʰ ai d">tʰaid</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p a tʰˤ">patʰˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ a d a tʰ">tʰˤadatʰ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t au">tau</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ a sˤ">tʰˤasˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ ɓ">ḭɓ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aʃibi</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">tʰaid</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">patʰˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰˤadatʰ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tau</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰˤasˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ḭɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aʃibi</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰaid</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">patʰˤ</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤadatʰ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭɓ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>paʃibi tʰaid patʰˤḭɓ tʰˤadatʰḭɓ tau tʰˤasˤḭɓ tiɗˤ</p> + <p>пашиби ҭайд паҭъи’б̱ ҭъадаҭи’б̱ таў ҭъасъи’б̱ тид̱ъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aʃibi</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰaid</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>patʰˤ</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤadatʰ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤasˤ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭɓ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пашиби ҭайд паҭъи’б̱ ҭъадаҭи’б̱ таў ҭъасъи’б̱ тид̱ъ. [paʃibi tʰaid patʰˤḭɓ tʰˤadatʰḭɓ tau tʰˤasˤḭɓ tiɗˤ] p- PAST aʃibi copy tʰaid 3.plur patʰˤ sound -ḭɓ plur tʰˤadatʰ mammal -ḭɓ plur tau and tʰˤasˤ bird -ḭɓ plur tiɗˤ GEN “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɗ ai d">ɗaid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u ʃ a̰ s+t u s">uʃa̰stus</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="a ʃ">aʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d ə d">dəd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ɗˤ i ɡ">ɗˤiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="k i b">kib</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i f">bif</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ɗ ai d">ɗaid</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="u ʃ a̰ s+t u s">uʃa̰stus</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="sˤ">sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="a ʃ">aʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d ə d">dəd</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="ɗˤ i ɡ">ɗˤiɡ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="k i b">kib</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i f">bif</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ɗaid</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">uʃa̰stus</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">aʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰˤib</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">dəd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">ɗˤiɡ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">kib</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">bif</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗaid</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">uʃa̰stus</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aʃ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaiɗ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dəd</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗat</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗˤiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kib</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bif</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ɗaid puʃa̰stus sˤaʃ ʃaiɗṵp tʰˤib tiɗˤ dədṵp ɗatṵp ɗˤiɡ kibṵp pʰib bif</p> + <p>д̱айд пуша’стус съаш шайд̱у’п ҭъиб тид̱ъ дәду’п д̱ату’п д̱ъиґ кибу’п ԥиб биф</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗaid</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>uʃa̰stus</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aʃ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaiɗ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dəd</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗat</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗˤiɡ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kib</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bif</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Д̱айд пуша’стус съаш шайд̱у’п ҭъиб тид̱ъ дәду’п д̱ату’п д̱ъиґ кибу’п ԥиб биф. [ɗaid puʃa̰stus sˤaʃ ʃaiɗṵp tʰˤib tiɗˤ dədṵp ɗatṵp ɗˤiɡ kibṵp pʰib bif] ɗaid but p- PAST uʃa̰stus arise sˤ- PRES aʃ be ʃaiɗ language -ṵp sing tʰˤib 1incl.plur tiɗˤ GEN dəd langname -ṵp sing ɗat inside -ṵp sing ɗˤiɡ different kib manner -ṵp sing pʰib LOC bif in “But Dad, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a tʰˤ a ɗ a̰ ʃ">atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ au f">ʃauf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ʃ ə̰ k">ʃə̰k</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="t au">tau</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɓ u ɡ ai t">ɓuɡait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="b i ʃ">biʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="p a ɗˤ ə ɓ">paɗˤəɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i f">bif</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="a tʰˤ a ɗ a̰ ʃ">atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ au f">ʃauf</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ʃ ə̰ k">ʃə̰k</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="t au">tau</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="ɓ u ɡ ai t">ɓuɡait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC" ph="ɗ a t">ɗat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="b i ʃ">biʃ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="p a ɗˤ ə ɓ">paɗˤəɓ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="pʰ i b">pʰib</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i f">bif</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ʃauf</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">ʃə̰k</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">tau</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">ɓuɡait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" case="LOC">ɗat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">biʃ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">paɗˤəɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">pʰib</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">bif</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃauf</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃə̰k</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tau</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓuɡait</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗat</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biʃ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paɗˤəɓ</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pʰib</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bif</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>patʰˤaɗa̰ʃ ʃauf ʃə̰k tau ɓuɡait ɗatṵp biʃ paɗˤəɓṵp pʰib bif</p> + <p>паҭъад̱а’ш шаўф шә’к таў б̱уґайт д̱ату’п биш пад̱ъәб̱у’п ԥиб биф</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃauf</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃə̰k</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tau</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓuɡait</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗat</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biʃ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paɗˤəɓ</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pʰib</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bif</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Паҭъад̱а’ш шаўф шә’к таў б̱уґайт д̱ату’п биш пад̱ъәб̱у’п ԥиб биф [patʰˤaɗa̰ʃ ʃauf ʃə̰k tau ɓuɡait ɗatṵp biʃ paɗˤəɓṵp pʰib bif] p- PAST atʰˤaɗa̰ʃ appear ʃauf 3.sing ʃə̰k whole tau and ɓuɡait perfect ɗat inside -ṵp sing biʃ single paɗˤəɓ breath -ṵp sing pʰib LOC bif in “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> </s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ tˤ u dˤ a̰ k">ḭtˤudˤa̰k</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="b a̰ sˤ">ba̰sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ḭ tˤ u dˤ a̰ k">ḭtˤudˤa̰k</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="b a̰ sˤ">ba̰sˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ʃ ai ɗ">ʃaiɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ṵ p">ṵp</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ i b">tʰˤib</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="t i ɗˤ">tiɗˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ḭtˤudˤa̰k</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ba̰sˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">ʃaiɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ṵp</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰˤib</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">tiɗˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ḭtˤudˤa̰k</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ba̰sˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃaiɗ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ṵp</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tʰˤib</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>pḭtˤudˤa̰k ba̰sˤ ʃaiɗṵp tʰˤib tiɗˤ</p> + <p>пи’тъудъа’к ба’съ шайд̱у’п ҭъиб тид̱ъ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ḭtˤudˤa̰k</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ba̰sˤ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃaiɗ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ṵp</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tʰˤib</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɗˤ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пи’тъудъа’к ба’съ шайд̱у’п ҭъиб тид̱ъ. [pḭtˤudˤa̰k ba̰sˤ ʃaiɗṵp tʰˤib tiɗˤ] p- PAST ḭtˤudˤa̰k evolve ba̰sˤ NEG ʃaiɗ language -ṵp sing tʰˤib 1incl.plur tiɗˤ GEN “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/ta/obligatoryGot PAST
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i tʰ i b a̰ p">itʰiba̰p</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ʃ au f">ʃauf</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="i tʰ i b a̰ p">itʰiba̰p</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ʃ au f">ʃauf</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">itʰiba̰p</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">ʃauf</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">itʰiba̰p</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃauf</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>pitʰiba̰p ʃauf</p> + <p>пиҭиба’п шаўф</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>itʰiba̰p</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃauf</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Пиҭиба’п шаўф. [pitʰiba̰p ʃauf] p- PAST itʰiba̰p create ʃauf 3.sing “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.03 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.