A Collection of Texts in Tak
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ au d">ʔaud</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="l aː n">laːn</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ i j">ɡij</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t e x">tex</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s i x au s">sixaus</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ au d">ʔaud</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="l aː n">laːn</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ i j">ɡij</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t e x">tex</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s i x au s">sixaus</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s u x au s" underlying="s i x au s">suxaus</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ au d">ʔaud</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" ph="l aː n">laːn</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɡ i j">ɡij</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="t e x">tex</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s u x au s" underlying="s i x au s">suxaus</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ʈ aː ʔ">ʈaːʔ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">ʔoːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">ʔaud</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing">laːn</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">ɡij</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">diɽ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">tex</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʈaːʔ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" underlying="s i x au s">suxaus</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">ʈaːʔ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daɲ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔoːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔaud</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laːn</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡij</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diɽ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tex</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hokʼ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sixaus</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>daɲik sed ʔoːʔuɽ ʔaud laːneʔ ɡijeʔ diɽ tex hokʼoʔ ʈaːʔ kin suxausoʔ ʈaːʔ</p> + <p>dañik sed qooqurr qaud laaneq gijeq dirr tekh hogkoq rtaaq kin sukhausoq rtaaq</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>daɲ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔoːʔ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔaud</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laːn</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡij</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diɽ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tex</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hokʼ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaːʔ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sixaus</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaːʔ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dañik sed qooqurr qaud laaneq gijeq dirr tekh hogkoq rtaaq kin sukhausoq rtaaq. [daɲik sed ʔoːʔuɽ ʔaud laːneʔ ɡijeʔ diɽ tex hokʼoʔ ʈaːʔ kin suxausoʔ ʈaːʔ] daɲ have -ik active sed PAST ʔoːʔ human being -iɽ plur ʔaud all laːn surface -eʔ sing ɡij earth -eʔ sing diɽ whole tex in hokʼ language -eʔ sing ʈaːʔ one kin and sixaus dialect -eʔ sing ʈaːʔ one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ e x au d">ɡexaud</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai ɲ">taiɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʈ iː ɡ">ʈiːɡ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ e x au d">ɡexaud</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ o x au d" underlying="ɡ e x au d">ɡoxaud</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="h u">hu</word> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai ɲ">taiɲ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʈ iː ɡ">ʈiːɡ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡ o x au d" underlying="ɡ e x au d">ɡoxaud</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t ai ɲ">taiɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ʈ iː ɡ">ʈiːɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ɡ e x au d">ɡoxaud</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">taiɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ʈiːɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡexaud</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tej</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈiːɡ</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>ɡoxauduk sed hud tejeʔ taiɲeʔ ʈiːɡ</p> + <p>gokhauduk sed hud tejeq taiñeq rtiig</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɡexaud</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tej</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taiɲ</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈiːɡ</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Gokhauduk sed hud tejeq taiñeq rtiig. [ɡoxauduk sed hud tejeʔ taiɲeʔ ʈiːɡ] ɡexaud journey -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur tej inside -eʔ sing taiɲ east -eʔ sing ʈiːɡ from “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/optional
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɽ o t">ɽot</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ e x a ɡ">ʈexaɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t i ʔ">tiʔ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="kʼ a ɖ">kʼaɖ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t e x">tex</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k i n">kin</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɽ o t">ɽot</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ e x a ɡ">ʈexaɡ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t i ʔ">tiʔ</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="kʼ a ɖ">kʼaɖ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t e x">tex</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɽ o t">ɽot</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ e x a ɡ">ʈexaɡ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t i ʔ">tiʔ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="kʼ a ɖ">kʼaɖ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t e x">tex</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">kin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɽot</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ʈexaɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">tiʔ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">huːd</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number">kʼaɖ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">tex</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽot</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈexaɡ</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiʔ</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huːd</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tej</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼaɖ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huːd</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tex</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>kin ɽotuk sed hud ʈexaɡeʔ tiʔ huːd tejeʔ kʼaɖeʔ huːd tex</p> + <p>kin rrotuk sed hud rtekhageq tiq huud tejeq gkardeq huud tekh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽot</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈexaɡ</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiʔ</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huːd</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tej</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼaɖ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huːd</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tex</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kin rrotuk sed hud rtekhageq tiq huud tejeq gkardeq huud tekh. [kin ɽotuk sed hud ʈexaɡeʔ tiʔ huːd tejeʔ kʼaɖeʔ huːd tex] kin and ɽot find -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur ʈexaɡ plain -eʔ sing tiʔ wide huːd a tej inside -eʔ sing kʼaɖ land -eʔ sing huːd a tex in “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɽ a ɖ a t">ɽaɖat</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ɽ aː ɖ">naɽaːɖ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="ɖ o t">ɖot</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɽ a ɖ a t">ɽaɖat</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ɽ aː ɖ">naɽaːɖ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="ɖ o t">ɖot</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ɽaɖat</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">naɽaːɖ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">ɖot</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaɖat</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɽaːɖ</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖot</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ɽaɖat naɽaːɖik sed hud ɖot</p> + <p>rrardat narraardik sed hud rdot</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɽaɖat</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naɽaːɖ</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖot</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rrardat narraardik sed hud rdot. [ɽaɖat naɽaːɖik sed hud ɖot] ɽaɖat thus naɽaːɖ dwell -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur ɖot there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" person="1incl">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" person="1incl" type="owner_owned">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> </subs> </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/>
</subs>
</np>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> - </subs> - </np> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ e k">ɖek</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="kʼ au ʔ">kʼauʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ɡ e x">ɡex</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ e l">ɲiʔel</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ e k">ɖek</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="kʼ au ʔ">kʼauʔ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ɡ e x">ɡex</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ e l">ɲiʔel</word>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ e k">ɖek</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="kʼ au ʔ">kʼauʔ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur" ph="ɡ e x">ɡex</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="x e ɲ">xeɲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ e l">ɲiʔel</word> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" ph="h o">ho</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɖek</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">kʼauʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">xeɲ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="STA" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.plur">ɡex</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">xeɲ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">ɲiʔel</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖek</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽituj</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼauʔ</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xeɲ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ho</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽituj</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡex</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xeɲ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiʔel</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ho</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>ɖekik sed hud ɽutujuɽ kʼauʔuk xeɲ hod kin ɽutujuɽ ɡexik xeɲ ɲiʔel hod</p> + <p>rdekik sed hud rrutujurr gkauquk kheñ hod kin rrutujurr gekhik kheñ ñiqel hod</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖek</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽituj</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼauʔ</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xeɲ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ho</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽituj</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡex</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xeɲ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiʔel</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ho</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rdekik sed hud rrutujurr gkauquk kheñ hod kin rrutujurr gekhik kheñ ñiqel hod. [ɖekik sed hud ɽutujuɽ kʼauʔuk xeɲ hod kin ɽutujuɽ ɡexik xeɲ ɲiʔel hod] ɖek say -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur ɽituj brick -iɽ plur kʼauʔ make -ik active xeɲ imperative ho 1incl.plur -d plur kin and ɽituj brick -iɽ plur ɡex burn -ik active xeɲ imperative ɲiʔel thoroughly ho 1incl.plur -d plur “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ a t">ʈat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ʔ e ɡ iː s">ʔeɡiːs</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ i t u j">ɽituj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ a t">ʈat</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ʔ e ɡ iː s">ʔeɡiːs</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ u t u j" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʈ a t">ʈat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ʔ e ɡ iː s">ʔeɡiːs</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" underlying="ɽ i t u j">ɽutuj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number">ʈat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">ʔeɡiːs</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daɲ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽituj</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈat</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔeɡiːs</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>daɲik sed hud ɽutujoʔ ʈateʔ ʔeɡiːs</p> + <p>dañik sed hud rrutujoq rtateq qegiis</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>daɲ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽituj</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈat</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔeɡiːs</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dañik sed hud rrutujoq rtateq qegiis. [daɲik sed hud ɽutujoʔ ʈateʔ ʔeɡiːs] daɲ have -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur ɽituj brick -eʔ sing ʈat stone -eʔ sing ʔeɡiːs PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/optional
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ a ɽ i t">ɲaɽit</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i l i j">ɲilij</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ʔ e ɡ iː s">ʔeɡiːs</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="d a ɲ">daɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ a ɽ i t">ɲaɽit</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ i l i j">ɲilij</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="ʔ e ɡ iː s">ʔeɡiːs</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">kin</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">daɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ɲaɽit</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number">ɲilij</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">ʔeɡiːs</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">daɲ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɽit</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲilij</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔeɡiːs</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>kin daɲik sed hud ɲaɽiteʔ ɲilijeʔ ʔeɡiːs</p> + <p>kin dañik sed hud ñarriteq ñilijeq qegiis</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>daɲ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɽit</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲilij</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔeɡiːs</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kin dañik sed hud ñarriteq ñilijeq qegiis. [kin daɲik sed hud ɲaɽiteʔ ɲilijeʔ ʔeɡiːs] kin and daɲ have -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur ɲaɽit slime -eʔ sing ɲilij mortar -eʔ sing ʔeɡiːs PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="l i n au l">linaul</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h o">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i ɽ">ʔiɽ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="l i n au l">linaul</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="l u n au l" underlying="l i n au l">lunaul</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h o">ho</word> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i ɽ">ʔiɽ</word> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="l u n au l" underlying="l i n au l">lunaul</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="h o">ho</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ oː ʔ">ʔoːʔ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i ɽ">ʔiɽ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" underlying="l i n au l">lunaul</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">keɽ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">ʔoːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">ʔiɽ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">linaul</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keɽ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ho</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔoːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔiɽ</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span></p> + <p>lunauluk keɽ hod ʔoːʔuɽ ʔiɽ</p> + <p>lunauluk kerr hod qooqurr qirr</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>linaul</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>keɽ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ho</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔoːʔ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔiɽ</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Lunauluk kerr hod qooqurr qirr. [lunauluk keɽ hod ʔoːʔuɽ ʔiɽ] linaul resemble -ik active keɽ NEG ho 1incl.plur -d plur ʔoːʔ human being -iɽ plur ʔiɽ other “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a l u ʔ">ɖaluʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="x e d">xed</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɖ iː ʔ">ɖiːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a l u ʔ">ɖaluʔ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="x e d">xed</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɖ iː ʔ">ɖiːʔ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h u">hu</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a l u ʔ">ɖaluʔ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="x e d">xed</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ɖ iː ʔ">ɖiːʔ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɖaluʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">xed</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">ɖiːʔ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖaluʔ</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xed</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖiːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hokʼ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>ɖaluʔuk sed xedeʔ kin ɖiːʔeʔ hokʼuɽ hud</p> + <p>rdaluquk sed khedeq kin rdiiqeq hogkurr hud</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖaluʔ</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xed</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖiːʔ</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hokʼ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rdaluquk sed khedeq kin rdiiqeq hogkurr hud. [ɖaluʔuk sed xedeʔ kin ɖiːʔeʔ hokʼuɽ hud] ɖaluʔ shape -ik active sed PAST xed fight -eʔ sing kin and ɖiːʔ time -eʔ sing hokʼ language -iɽ plur hu 3.plur -d plur “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a t a x">hatax</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="kʼ au ɖ">kʼauɖ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h e kʼ o j">hekʼoj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d u ɡ">duɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a t a x">hatax</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="kʼ au ɖ">kʼauɖ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h e kʼ o j">hekʼoj</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o kʼ o j" underlying="h e kʼ o j">hokʼoj</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k i n">kin</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d u ɡ">duɡ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i ɽ">iɽ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h a t a x">hatax</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="h u">hu</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="kʼ au ɖ">kʼauɖ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o kʼ o j" underlying="h e kʼ o j">hokʼoj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d u ɡ">duɡ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u ɽ" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="i x">ix</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">hatax</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">hu</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">kʼauɖ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="h e kʼ o j">hokʼoj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ix</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">kin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">duɡ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i ɽ">uɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ix</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hatax</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hu</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʼauɖ</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hekʼoj</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ix</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duɡ</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iɽ</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ix</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>hataxik sed hud kʼauɖuɽ hokʼojuɽix kin duɡuɽix</p> + <p>hatakhik sed hud gkaurdurr hogkojurrikh kin dugurrikh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hatax</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hu</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʼauɖ</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hekʼoj</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ix</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>duɡ</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-iɽ</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ix</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Hatakhik sed hud gkaurdurr hogkojurrikh kin dugurrikh. [hataxik sed hud kʼauɖuɽ hokʼojuɽix kin duɡuɽix] hatax copy -ik active sed PAST hu 3.plur -d plur kʼauɖ sound -iɽ plur hekʼoj mammal -iɽ plur -ix GEN kin and duɡ bird -iɽ plur -ix GEN “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sequential:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="sing"> - <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="d o ɡ">doɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʈ a ʈ e d">ʈaʈed</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e x">ɲex</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ʈ a k">ʈak</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s a ɲ">saɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ a ɲ">ɽaɲ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="then" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="d o ɡ">doɡ</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʈ a ʈ e d">ʈaʈed</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e x">ɲex</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ʈ a k">ʈak</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s a ɲ">saɲ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ a ɲ">ɽaɲ</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="d o ɡ">doɡ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʈ a ʈ e d">ʈaʈed</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="ɲ e x">ɲex</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="ʈ a k">ʈak</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" ph="s a ɲ">saɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɽ a ɲ">ɽaɲ</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">doɡ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʈaʈed</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">ɲex</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">ʈak</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number">saɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number">ɽaɲ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">tex</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">doɡ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaʈed</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲex</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈak</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hokʼ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ho</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tej</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saɲ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽaɲ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huːd</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tex</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>doɡ ʈaʈedik sed ɲexik ʈakeʔ hokʼoʔ hod tejeʔ saɲeʔ ɽaɲ huːd tex</p> + <p>dog rtartedik sed ñekhik rtakeq hogkoq hod tejeq sañeq rrañ huud tekh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>doɡ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaʈed</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲex</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈak</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hokʼ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ho</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tej</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saɲ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽaɲ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huːd</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tex</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Dog rtartedik sed ñekhik rtakeq hogkoq hod tejeq sañeq rrañ huud tekh. [doɡ ʈaʈedik sed ɲexik ʈakeʔ hokʼoʔ hod tejeʔ saɲeʔ ɽaɲ huːd tex] doɡ then ʈaʈed arise -ik active sed PAST ɲex be -ik active ʈak langname -eʔ sing hokʼ language -eʔ sing ho 1incl.plur -d plur tej inside -eʔ sing saɲ manner -eʔ sing ɽaɲ different huːd a tex in “But Tak, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="def" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="l a x o ʔ">laxoʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="x eː">xeː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="k i n">kin</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t e ɲ uː ʔ">teɲuːʔ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ a ɲ a t">ɲaɲat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h e s">hes</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="l a x o ʔ">laxoʔ</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="x eː">xeː</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="k i n">kin</word>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t e ɲ uː ʔ">teɲuːʔ</word>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t o ɲ uː ʔ" underlying="t e ɲ uː ʔ">toɲuːʔ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ a ɲ a t">ɲaɲat</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h e s">hes</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="l a x o ʔ">laxoʔ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="x eː">xeː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="d i ɽ">diɽ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="k i n">kin</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" ph="t o ɲ uː ʔ" underlying="t e ɲ uː ʔ">toɲuːʔ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" ph="t e j">tej</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɲ a ɲ a t">ɲaɲat</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h e s">hes</word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" ph="h uː d">huːd</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="t e x">tex</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">laxoʔ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">xeː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">l</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">diɽ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">kin</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" number="sing" locus="number" role="pred" underlying="t e ɲ uː ʔ">toɲuːʔ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing">tej</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" number="sing" locus="number">ɲaɲat</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">eʔ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" number="sing" locus="number">hes</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number">huːd</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">tex</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laxoʔ</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xeː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diɽ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kin</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">teɲuːʔ</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tej</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɲat</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hes</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huːd</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tex</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>laxoʔuk sed xeːl diɽ kin toɲuːʔ tejeʔ ɲaɲateʔ hes huːd tex</p> + <p>lakhoquk sed kheel dirr kin toñuuq tejeq ñañateq hes huud tekh</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laxoʔ</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xeː</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diɽ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kin</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>teɲuːʔ</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tej</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɲat</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hes</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huːd</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tex</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Lakhoquk sed kheel dirr kin toñuuq tejeq ñañateq hes huud tekh [laxoʔuk sed xeːl diɽ kin toɲuːʔ tejeʔ ɲaɲateʔ hes huːd tex] laxoʔ appear -ik active sed PAST xeː 3.sing -l sing diɽ whole kin and teɲuːʔ perfect tej inside -eʔ sing ɲaɲat breath -eʔ sing hes single huːd a tex in “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="STA">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
Got STA
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/obligatory
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a ɽ iː n">ɖaɽiːn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a ɽ iː n">ɖaɽiːn</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e ʔ">eʔ</thingy>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɖ a ɽ iː n">ɖaɽiːn</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="k e ɽ">keɽ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA" ph="h o kʼ">hokʼ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="o ʔ" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="STA" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="h o">ho</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɖaɽiːn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">keɽ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" case="STA">hokʼ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" underlying="e ʔ">oʔ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ho</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">d</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖaɽiːn</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">keɽ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hokʼ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-eʔ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ho</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>ɖaɽiːnik sed keɽ hokʼoʔ hod</p> + <p>rdarriinik sed kerr hogkoq hod</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɖaɽiːn</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>keɽ</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hokʼ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-eʔ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ho</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rdarriinik sed kerr hogkoq hod. [ɖaɽiːnik sed keɽ hokʼoʔ hod] ɖaɽiːn evolve -ik active sed PAST keɽ NEG hokʼ language -eʔ sing ho 1incl.plur -d plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/obligatoryGot active
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing/pron/number/obligatory
Got sing
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="x a ɲ u n">xaɲun</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA" ph="x eː">xeː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="x a ɲ u n">xaɲun</word>
- <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="i k">ik</thingy>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA" ph="x eː">xeː</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="x a ɲ u n">xaɲun</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u k" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s e d">sed</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA" ph="x eː">xeː</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">xaɲun</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" underlying="i k">uk</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sed</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="STA">xeː</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">l</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xaɲun</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ik</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xeː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span></p> + <p>xaɲunuk sed xeːl</p> + <p>khañunuk sed kheel</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>xaɲun</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ik</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xeː</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Khañunuk sed kheel. [xaɲunuk sed xeːl] xaɲun create -ik active sed PAST xeː 3.sing -l sing “It was created.” | (14) |
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