A Collection of Texts in Chesk
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="j ɤ ɡ">jɤɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡ u s">ɡus</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="m e ɲ">meɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ŋ i t͡ʃ">ŋit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s e d">sed</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="k u k">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s e d">sed</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a ɲ ai k">t͡ʃaɲaik</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="j ɤ ɡ">jɤɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɡ u s">ɡus</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="m e ɲ">meɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ŋ i t͡ʃ">ŋit͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s e d">sed</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="k u k">kuk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="s e d">sed</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a ɲ ai k">t͡ʃaɲaik</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">bait</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">jɤɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur">siʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɡus</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">bait</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">meɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" number="sing">ŋit͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">sed</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">sed</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" role="obj">t͡ʃaɲaik</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɯn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɤɡ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡus</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">meɲ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋit͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuk</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sed</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃaɲaik</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jot͡ʃ bɯnoɡ nuɗ bait jɤɡoɡ siʃuʃ ɡus bait meɲoɡ ŋit͡ʃiʃ sed kukiʃ ɗɯɗ sed t͡ʃaɲaikiʃ</p> + <p>јоч быноґ нуд̱ байт јӹґоґ сишуш ґус байт мењоґ ӈичиш сед кукиш д̱ыд̱ сед чањайкиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jot͡ʃ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɯn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɤɡ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡus</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>meɲ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋit͡ʃ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuk</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sed</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃaɲaik</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Јоч быноґ нуд̱ байт јӹґоґ сишуш ґус байт мењоґ ӈичиш сед кукиш д̱ыд̱ сед чањайкиш. [jot͡ʃ bɯnoɡ nuɗ bait jɤɡoɡ siʃuʃ ɡus bait meɲoɡ ŋit͡ʃiʃ sed kukiʃ ɗɯɗ sed t͡ʃaɲaikiʃ] jot͡ʃ then bɯn have -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST bait the jɤɡ all -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP siʃ human being -u plur -ʃ NOM ɡus in_surface bait the meɲ whole -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP ŋit͡ʃ earth -i sing -ʃ NOM sed one kuk language -i sing -ʃ NOM ɗɯɗ and sed one t͡ʃaɲaik dialect -i sing -ʃ NOM “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ i t ɯ ɲ">ʋitɯɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b i n">bin</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ i t ɯ ɲ">ʋitɯɲ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ ɯ t ɯ ɲ" underlying="ʋ i t ɯ ɲ">ʋɯtɯɲ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b i n">bin</word> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ ɯ t ɯ ɲ" underlying="ʋ i t ɯ ɲ">ʋɯtɯɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="b i n">bin</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʋ i ŋ">ʋiŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ʋ i t ɯ ɲ">ʋɯtɯɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">bin</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">ʋiŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋitɯɲ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bin</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiŋ</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʋɯtɯɲoɡ nuɗ lin bin bait ʋiŋiʃ</p> + <p>вытыњоґ нуд̱ лин бин байт виӈиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋitɯɲ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bin</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋiŋ</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Вытыњоґ нуд̱ лин бин байт виӈиш. [ʋɯtɯɲoɡ nuɗ lin bin bait ʋiŋiʃ] ʋitɯɲ journey -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur bin from_inside bait the ʋiŋ east -i sing -ʃ NOM “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for wide/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for wide/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for wide/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ f">mɯf</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɡ ai l">ɡail</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="n i ɗ au s">niɗaus</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ u ŋ">t͡ʃuŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ f">mɯf</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɡ ai l">ɡail</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="n i ɗ au s">niɗaus</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ u ŋ">t͡ʃuŋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">mɯf</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">ɡail</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" head="this" role="subj" number="sing">niɗaus</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">biɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number">t͡ʃuŋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɯf</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡail</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niɗaus</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃuŋ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jot͡ʃ mɯfoɡ nuɗ lin ɡailoɡ niɗausiʃ biɲ t͡ʃuŋiʃ</p> + <p>јоч мыфоґ нуд̱ лин ґайлоґ нид̱аўсиш бињ чуӈиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jot͡ʃ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mɯf</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡail</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niɗaus</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃuŋ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Јоч мыфоґ нуд̱ лин ґайлоґ нид̱аўсиш бињ чуӈиш. [jot͡ʃ mɯfoɡ nuɗ lin ɡailoɡ niɗausiʃ biɲ t͡ʃuŋiʃ] jot͡ʃ then mɯf find -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur ɡail wide -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP niɗaus plain -i sing -ʃ NOM biɲ in_inside t͡ʃuŋ land -i sing -ʃ NOM “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="l e s i ʋ">lesiʋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u f i m">nufim</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b ɯ ɡ">bɯɡ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="l e s i ʋ">lesiʋ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u f i m">nufim</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="b ɯ ɡ">bɯɡ</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">lesiʋ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nufim</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">bɯɡ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lesiʋ</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nufim</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɯɡ</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>lesiʋ nufimoɡ nuɗ lin bɯɡ</p> + <p>лесив нуфимоґ нуд̱ лин быґ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>lesiʋ</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nufim</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɯɡ</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Лесив нуфимоґ нуд̱ лин быґ. [lesiʋ nufimoɡ nuɗ lin bɯɡ] lesiʋ thus nufim dwell -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur bɯɡ there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- </subs>
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
+ </subs>
+ <subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur"/> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur"/> </subs> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for make/verb/comp/obligatory
Got COMP
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for burn/verb/comp/obligatory
Got COMP
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur"/>
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur"/> - <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ ʋ">mɯʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur" ph="j ɯ k">jɯk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t u ɓ">tuɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur" ph="s i ɲ">siɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t u ɓ">tuɓ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" ph="t a t͡ʃ a">tat͡ʃa</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ ʋ">mɯʋ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur" ph="j ɯ k">jɯk</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t u ɓ">tuɓ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur" ph="s i ɲ">siɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t u ɓ">tuɓ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur" ph="t a t͡ʃ a">tat͡ʃa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">mɯʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">tif</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">jɯk</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">tuɓ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" number="plur">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">tif</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" subj="1incl.plur">siɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP">m</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">tuɓ</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" number="plur">tat͡ʃa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mɯʋ</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaɲab</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɯk</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuɓ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaɲab</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siɲ</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuɓ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tat͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>mɯʋoɡ nuɗ lin ɓaɲabuʃ tif jɯkom tuɓ ɗɯɗ ɓaɲabuʃ tif siɲom tuɓ tat͡ʃa</p> + <p>мывоґ нуд̱ лин б̱ањабуш тиф јыком туб̱ д̱ыд̱ б̱ањабуш тиф сињом туб̱ тача</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mɯʋ</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaɲab</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tif</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɯk</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuɓ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaɲab</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tif</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siɲ</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuɓ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tat͡ʃa</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Мывоґ нуд̱ лин б̱ањабуш тиф јыком туб̱ д̱ыд̱ б̱ањабуш тиф сињом туб̱ тача. [mɯʋoɡ nuɗ lin ɓaɲabuʃ tif jɯkom tuɓ ɗɯɗ ɓaɲabuʃ tif siɲom tuɓ tat͡ʃa] mɯʋ say -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur ɓaɲab brick -u plur -ʃ NOM tif 1incl.plur jɯk make -o not.Q -m COMP tuɓ imperative ɗɯɗ and ɓaɲab brick -u plur -ʃ NOM tif 1incl.plur siɲ burn -o not.Q -m COMP tuɓ imperative tat͡ʃa thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʃ i ɡ i n">ʃiɡin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ɗ">ŋaɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ɓ a ɲ a b">ɓaɲab</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʃ i ɡ i n">ʃiɡin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ŋ a ɗ">ŋaɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ɓaɲab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">ʃiɡin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number">ŋaɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɯn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓaɲab</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiɡin</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaɗ</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>bɯnoɡ nuɗ lin ɓaɲabiʃ ʃiɡin ŋaɗiʃ</p> + <p>быноґ нуд̱ лин б̱ањабиш шиґин ӈад̱иш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>bɯn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓaɲab</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiɡin</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋaɗ</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Быноґ нуд̱ лин б̱ањабиш шиґин ӈад̱иш. [bɯnoɡ nuɗ lin ɓaɲabiʃ ʃiɡin ŋaɗiʃ] bɯn have -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur ɓaɲab brick -i sing -ʃ NOM ʃiɡin PURP ŋaɗ stone -i sing -ʃ NOM “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ u ŋ u h">ʃuŋuh</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʃ i ɡ i n">ʃiɡin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="l u ɗ a ɗ">luɗaɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="b ɯ n">bɯn</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" ph="ʃ u ŋ u h">ʃuŋuh</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="ʃ i ɡ i n">ʃiɡin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" ph="l u ɗ a ɗ">luɗaɗ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">bɯn</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">ʃuŋuh</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose">ʃiɡin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number">luɗaɗ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bɯn</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃuŋuh</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃiɡin</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luɗaɗ</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɗɯɗ bɯnoɡ nuɗ lin ʃuŋuhiʃ ʃiɡin luɗaɗiʃ</p> + <p>д̱ыд̱ быноґ нуд̱ лин шуӈугиш шиґин луд̱ад̱иш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bɯn</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃuŋuh</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃiɡin</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>luɗaɗ</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Д̱ыд̱ быноґ нуд̱ лин шуӈугиш шиґин луд̱ад̱иш. [ɗɯɗ bɯnoɡ nuɗ lin ʃuŋuhiʃ ʃiɡin luɗaɗiʃ] ɗɯɗ and bɯn have -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur ʃuŋuh slime -i sing -ʃ NOM ʃiɡin PURP luɗaɗ mortar -i sing -ʃ NOM “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for other/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for other/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for other/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="d e k u ʃ">dekuʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɲ o m">ɲom</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="s i m">sim</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="d e k u ʃ">dekuʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɲ o m">ɲom</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t i f">tif</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur" ph="s i m">sim</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur" ph="s i ʃ">siʃ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">dekuʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ɲom</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">tif</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.plur">sim</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" number="plur">siʃ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dekuʃ</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲom</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sim</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siʃ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jot͡ʃ dekuʃoɡ ɲom tif simoɡ siʃuʃ</p> + <p>јоч декушоґ њом тиф симоґ сишуш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jot͡ʃ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dekuʃ</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲom</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tif</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sim</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siʃ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Јоч декушоґ њом тиф симоґ сишуш. [jot͡ʃ dekuʃoɡ ɲom tif simoɡ siʃuʃ] jot͡ʃ then dekuʃ resemble -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP ɲom NEG tif 1incl.plur sim other -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP siʃ human being -u plur -ʃ NOM “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɲ i j ai f">ɲijaif</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="j o k">jok</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t a m">tam</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="k u k">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɲ i j ai f">ɲijaif</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="j o k">jok</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t a m">tam</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="k u k">kuk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɲijaif</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">jok</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">tam</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">lin</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲijaif</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jok</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tam</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuk</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɲijaifoɡ nuɗ jokiʃ ɗɯɗ tamiʃ lin bait kukuʃ</p> + <p>њијайфоґ нуд̱ јокиш д̱ыд̱ тамиш лин байт кукуш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɲijaif</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jok</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tam</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuk</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Њијайфоґ нуд̱ јокиш д̱ыд̱ тамиш лин байт кукуш. [ɲijaifoɡ nuɗ jokiʃ ɗɯɗ tamiʃ lin bait kukuʃ] ɲijaif shape -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST jok fight -i sing -ʃ NOM ɗɯɗ and tam time -i sing -ʃ NOM lin 3.plur bait the kuk language -u plur -ʃ NOM “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d u n ɤ h">dunɤh</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ i k ɯ ɓ">t͡ʃikɯɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l ɯ s+t">lɯst</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ ɯ d">ɓɯd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d u n ɤ h">dunɤh</word>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy>
<thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ i k ɯ ɓ">t͡ʃikɯɓ</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ ɯ k ɯ ɓ" underlying="t͡ʃ i k ɯ ɓ">t͡ʃɯkɯɓ</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l ɯ s+t">lɯst</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="b ai t">bait</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ ɯ d">ɓɯd</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="d u n ɤ h">dunɤh</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l i n">lin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t͡ʃ ɯ k ɯ ɓ" underlying="t͡ʃ i k ɯ ɓ">t͡ʃɯkɯɓ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l ɯ s+t">lɯst</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="b">b</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɓ ɯ d">ɓɯd</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">dunɤh</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gloss="3.plur" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">lin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" underlying="t͡ʃ i k ɯ ɓ">t͡ʃɯkɯɓ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">b</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">lɯst</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">b</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">ɓɯd</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dunɤh</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lin</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃikɯɓ</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lɯst</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-b</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓɯd</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-u</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>dunɤhoɡ nuɗ lin t͡ʃɯkɯɓub ɗɯɗ lɯstub bait ɓɯduʃ</p> + <p>дунӹгоґ нуд̱ лин чыкыб̱уб д̱ыд̱ лыстуб байт б̱ыдуш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>dunɤh</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lin</o> + <g>3.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃikɯɓ</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-b</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lɯst</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-b</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓɯd</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-u</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Дунӹгоґ нуд̱ лин чыкыб̱уб д̱ыд̱ лыстуб байт б̱ыдуш. [dunɤhoɡ nuɗ lin t͡ʃɯkɯɓub ɗɯɗ lɯstub bait ɓɯduʃ] dunɤh copy -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST lin 3.plur t͡ʃikɯɓ mammal -u plur -b GEN ɗɯɗ and lɯst bird -u plur -b GEN bait the ɓɯd sound -u plur -ʃ NOM “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sequential:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <relp> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for different/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for different/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for different/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> - <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ u t͡ʃ ɤ ʃ">ʃut͡ʃɤʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="t i ɲ">tiɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ e s+k">t͡ʃesk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t i f">tif</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="k u k">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɓ ɯ ʋ">ɓɯʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="l a ɲ">laɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʃ u t͡ʃ ɤ ʃ">ʃut͡ʃɤʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur" ph="t i ɲ">tiɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number" ph="t͡ʃ e s+k">t͡ʃesk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t i f">tif</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="k u k">kuk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ɓ ɯ ʋ">ɓɯʋ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="l a ɲ">laɲ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʃut͡ʃɤʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" obj="3.plur">tiɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">t͡ʃesk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tif</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">biɲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">ɓɯʋ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" head="this" role="subj" number="sing">laɲ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃut͡ʃɤʃ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃesk</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuk</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓɯʋ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laɲ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jot͡ʃ ʃut͡ʃɤʃoɡ nuɗ tiɲoɡ bait t͡ʃeskiʃ tif bait kukiʃ biɲ ɓɯʋoɡ laɲiʃ</p> + <p>јоч шучӹшоґ нуд̱ тињоґ байт ческиш тиф байт кукиш бињ б̱ывоґ лањиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jot͡ʃ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃut͡ʃɤʃ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɲ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃesk</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tif</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuk</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓɯʋ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laɲ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Јоч шучӹшоґ нуд̱ тињоґ байт ческиш тиф байт кукиш бињ б̱ывоґ лањиш. [jot͡ʃ ʃut͡ʃɤʃoɡ nuɗ tiɲoɡ bait t͡ʃeskiʃ tif bait kukiʃ biɲ ɓɯʋoɡ laɲiʃ] jot͡ʃ then ʃut͡ʃɤʃ arise -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST tiɲ be -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP bait the t͡ʃesk langname -i sing -ʃ NOM tif 1incl.plur bait the kuk language -i sing -ʃ NOM biɲ in_inside ɓɯʋ different -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP laɲ manner -i sing -ʃ NOM “But Chesk, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for single/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for single/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for single/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s connector="then">
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - </relp> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" role="pred"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - </relp> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i ɡ e m">siɡem</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b u n">bun</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="m e ɲ">meɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i d i b">ʃidib</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="d i ɓ">diɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɓ i d a d">ɓidad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="j o t͡ʃ">jot͡ʃ</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i ɡ e m">siɡem</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="b u n">bun</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="m e ɲ">meɲ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="ɗ ɯ ɗ">ɗɯɗ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="ʃ i d i b">ʃidib</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="b i ɲ">biɲ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing" ph="d i ɓ">diɓ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing" ph="ɓ i d a d">ɓidad</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">jot͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">siɡem</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">bun</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">meɲ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">ɗɯɗ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">ʃidib</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">biɲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing">diɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" head="this" role="subj" number="sing">ɓidad</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siɡem</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bun</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">meɲ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗɯɗ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃidib</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">biɲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">diɓ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɓidad</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jot͡ʃ siɡemoɡ nuɗ bun meɲoɡ ɗɯɗ ʃidiboɡ biɲ diɓoɡ ɓidadiʃ</p> + <p>јоч сиґемоґ нуд̱ бун мењоґ д̱ыд̱ шидибоґ бињ диб̱оґ б̱идадиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jot͡ʃ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siɡem</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bun</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>meɲ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗɯɗ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃidib</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>biɲ</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>diɓ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɓidad</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Јоч сиґемоґ нуд̱ бун мењоґ д̱ыд̱ шидибоґ бињ диб̱оґ б̱идадиш [jot͡ʃ siɡemoɡ nuɗ bun meɲoɡ ɗɯɗ ʃidiboɡ biɲ diɓoɡ ɓidadiʃ] jot͡ʃ then siɡem appear -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST bun 3.sing meɲ whole -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP ɗɯɗ and ʃidib perfect -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP biɲ in_inside diɓ single -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP ɓidad breath -i sing -ʃ NOM “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m i s+t ɤ ɓ">mistɤɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɲ o m">ɲom</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t i f">tif</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="k u k">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m i s+t ɤ ɓ">mistɤɓ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ s+t ɤ ɓ" underlying="m i s+t ɤ ɓ">mɯstɤɓ</word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɲ o m">ɲom</thingy> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t i f">tif</word> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="k u k">kuk</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m ɯ s+t ɤ ɓ" underlying="m i s+t ɤ ɓ">mɯstɤɓ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="ɲ o m">ɲom</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t i f">tif</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="b ai t">bait</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="k u k">kuk</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="ʃ">ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="m i s+t ɤ ɓ">mɯstɤɓ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">ɲom</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tif</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">bait</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">kuk</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mistɤɓ</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲom</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tif</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bait</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuk</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-i</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>mɯstɤɓoɡ nuɗ ɲom tif bait kukiʃ</p> + <p>мыстӹб̱оґ нуд̱ њом тиф байт кукиш</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mistɤɓ</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲom</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tif</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bait</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuk</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-i</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʃ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Мыстӹб̱оґ нуд̱ њом тиф байт кукиш. [mɯstɤɓoɡ nuɗ ɲom tif bait kukiʃ] mistɤɓ evolve -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST ɲom NEG tif 1incl.plur bait the kuk language -i sing -ʃ NOM “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/optionalGot active
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b a ɲ i s">baɲis</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="b u n">bun</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="b a ɲ i s">baɲis</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="ɡ">ɡ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="n u ɗ">nuɗ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="b u n">bun</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">baɲis</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">ɡ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">nuɗ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gloss="3.sing" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">bun</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">baɲis</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-o</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɡ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɗ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bun</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing</span></span></p> + <p>baɲisoɡ nuɗ bun</p> + <p>бањисоґ нуд̱ бун</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>baɲis</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-o</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɡ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɗ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bun</o> + <g>3.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Бањисоґ нуд̱ бун. [baɲisoɡ nuɗ bun] baɲis create -o not.Q -ɡ not.COMP nuɗ PAST bun 3.sing “It was created.” | (14) |
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