A Collection of Texts in Ruk

What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.

The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.

[ˈdadəbəməm ˈdif ˈɾitəf ˈʃusətəɾ ˈdif ˈʔosəd ˈjauɲəfəɾ ˈbeːdəfəɾ ˈɡauh ˈhaiɲ ˈʃuxəfəɾ ˈxiːn ˈhaiɲ t͡ʃəˈɾaidəfəɾ]

ˈdad
have
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈdif
the
ˈɾit
all
-əf
plur
ˈʃus
human being
-ət
plur
-əɾ
NOM
ˈdif
the
ˈʔos
whole
-əd
sing
ˈjauɲ
earth
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈbeːd
surface
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈɡauh
in
ˈhaiɲ
one
ˈʃux
language
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈxiːn
and
ˈhaiɲ
one
t͡ʃəˈɾaid
dialect
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM

“All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.”

(1)

And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.

[ɲəˈkiːhəbəməm ˈduːj ˈdif ˈkeɲəfəɾ ˈʔiːnəfəɾ ˈkuɡ]

ɲəˈkiːh
journey
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
ˈdif
the
ˈkeɲ
east
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈʔiːn
inside
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈkuɡ
from

“They journeyed from the east.”

(2)

[ˈxiːn ˈɲauxəbəməm ˈduːj ˈʃuːsəd səˈniːnəfəɾ ˈxaʃəfəɾ ˈʔiːnəfəɾ ˈɡauh]

ˈxiːn
and
ˈɲaux
find
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
ˈʃuːs
wide
-əd
sing
səˈniːn
plain
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈxaʃ
land
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈʔiːn
inside
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈɡauh
in

“And they found a wide plain in the a land.”

(3)

[kəˈt͡ʃaːj nəˈkanəbəməm ˈduːj ˈɡeʔ]

kəˈt͡ʃaːj
thus
nəˈkan
dwell
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
ˈɡeʔ
there

“Thus they dwelled there.”

(4)

And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.

[ˈɾanəbəməm ˈduːj ˈjoj bəˈsijətəs ˈɲuɡəwənəm ˈxiːn ˈjoj bəˈsijətəs ˈɾoʔəwənəm nəˈt͡ʃis]

ˈɾan
say
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
ˈjo
1incl.plur
-j
plur
bəˈsij
brick
-ət
plur
-əs
ACC
ˈɲuɡ
make
-əw
PRES
-ən
imperative
-əm
active
ˈxiːn
and
ˈjo
1incl.plur
-j
plur
bəˈsij
brick
-ət
plur
-əs
ACC
ˈɾoʔ
burn
-əw
PRES
-ən
imperative
-əm
active
nəˈt͡ʃis
thoroughly

“They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.”

(5)

And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.

[ˈdadəbəməm ˈduːj bəˈsijəfəɾ ˈʃadəfəɾ ɲəˈɾim]

ˈdad
have
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
bəˈsij
brick
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈʃad
stone
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ɲəˈɾim
PURP

“They had bricks for stone.”

(6)

[ˈxiːn ˈdadəbəməm ˈduːj jəˈjofəfəɾ xəˈwiʔəfəɾ ɲəˈɾim]

ˈxiːn
and
ˈdad
have
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
jəˈjof
slime
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
xəˈwiʔ
mortar
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ɲəˈɾim
PURP

“And they had slime for mortar.”

(7)

A Creation Myth

We are not like other people.

[fəˈɡauxəwəməm ʔəh ˈjoj ˈxiɡəf ˈʃusətəɾ]

fəˈɡaux
resemble
-əw
PRES
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ʔəh
NEG
ˈjo
1incl.plur
-j
plur
ˈxiɡ
other
-əf
plur
ˈʃus
human being
-ət
plur
-əɾ
NOM

“We do not resemble other humans.”

(8)

Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.

[ʃəˈdaːwəbəməm ˈjenəfəɾ ˈxiːn ˈʔenəfəɾ ˈduːj ˈdif ˈʃuxətəɾ]

ʃəˈdaːw
shape
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈjen
fight
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈxiːn
and
ˈʔen
time
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
ˈdif
the
ˈʃux
language
-ət
plur
-əɾ
NOM

“Their languages were shaped by fight and time.”

(9)

They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.

[jəˈsuɾəbəməm ˈduːj fəˈmadətət͡ʃ ˈxiːn ˈboɲətət͡ʃ ˈdif ˈjaxətəɾ]

jəˈsuɾ
copy
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈduː
3.plur
-j
plur
fəˈmad
mammal
-ət
plur
-ət͡ʃ
GEN
ˈxiːn
and
ˈboɲ
bird
-ət
plur
-ət͡ʃ
GEN
ˈdif
the
ˈjax
sound
-ət
plur
-əɾ
NOM

“They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.”

(10)

But our language arose in a different way.

[ˈfoːd t͡ʃəˈkibəbəməm ˈjoj ˈdif ˈʃuxəfəɾ ˈfuːnəwəməm ˈdif ˈɾukəfəɾ ˈɡiskəd ˈkaiɡəfəɾ ˈʔiːnəfəɾ ˈɡauh]

ˈfoːd
but
t͡ʃəˈkib
arise
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈjo
1incl.plur
-j
plur
ˈdif
the
ˈʃux
language
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈfuːn
be
-əw
PRES
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈdif
the
ˈɾuk
langname
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈɡisk
different
-əd
sing
ˈkaiɡ
manner
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈʔiːn
inside
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈɡauh
in

“But Ruk, which is our language, arose in a different way.”

(11)

It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.

[səˈɾauɡəbəməm ˈjun ˈʔosəd ˈxiːn fəˈnejəd ˈmefəd məˈtabəfəɾ ˈʔiːnəfəɾ ˈɡauh]

səˈɾauɡ
appear
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈju
3.sing
-n
sing
ˈʔos
whole
-əd
sing
ˈxiːn
and
fəˈnej
perfect
-əd
sing
ˈmef
single
-əd
sing
məˈtab
breath
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈʔiːn
inside
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM
ˈɡauh
in

“It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath”

(12)

Our language did not evolve; it was created.

[kəˈkaməbəməm ʔəh ˈjoj ˈdif ˈʃuxəfəɾ]

kəˈkam
evolve
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ʔəh
NEG
ˈjo
1incl.plur
-j
plur
ˈdif
the
ˈʃux
language
-əf
sing
-əɾ
NOM

“Our language did not evolve.”

(13)

[ʃəˈwatəbəməm ˈjun]

ʃəˈwat
create
-əb
PAST
-əm
indicative
-əm
active
ˈju
3.sing
-n
sing

“It was created.”

(14)

Language creation took 0.08 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.

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