A Collection of Texts in Fuma
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="subj">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="subj">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for whole/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for whole/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for all/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for all/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʡ a">ʡa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="s+p iː">spiː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n i f i">nifi</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ u">ʡu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h a">ha</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l iː">liː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="f i">fi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɴ iː s+k iː ʋ i">ɴiːskiːʋi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʡ a">ʡa</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="s+p iː">spiː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="t u">tu</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n i f i">nifi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n u f u" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ u">ʡu</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h a">ha</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l iː">liː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="f i">fi</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɴ iː s+k iː ʋ i">ɴiːskiːʋi</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="ʡ a">ʡa</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="s+p iː">spiː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n u f u" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ u">ʡu</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="h a">ha</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l iː">liː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="f i">fi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ɴ iː s+k iː ʋ i">ɴiːskiːʋi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" ph="ŋ iː">ŋiː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">ʡa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC">spiː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="owned" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" case="LOC">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">ʡu</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ha</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="all" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">liː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">fi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ŋiː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ɴiːskiːʋi</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj">ŋiː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋasqa</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡa</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">spiː</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nifi</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡu</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liː</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋiː</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴiːskiːʋi</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋiː</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>ʋasqaʔiːqa ʡaŋiʡa tu spiːʋiɲa tunufu ʡuʔimi tu ha liːʔimi tu fi ŋiː naː ɴiːskiːʋi ŋiː</p> + <p>wasqa’iiqa ʡangiʡa tu spiiwiña tunufu ʡu’imi tu ha lii’imi tu fi ngii naa ɴiiskiiwi ngii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋasqa</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡa</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>spiː</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-nifi</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡu</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ha</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>liː</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋiː</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴiːskiːʋi</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ŋiː</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Wasqa’iiqa ʡangiʡa tu spiiwiña tunufu ʡu’imi tu ha lii’imi tu fi ngii naa ɴiiskiiwi ngii. [ʋasqaʔiːqa ʡaŋiʡa tu spiːʋiɲa tunufu ʡuʔimi tu ha liːʔimi tu fi ŋiː naː ɴiːskiːʋi ŋiː] ʋasqa have -ʔiːqa PAST ʡa human being -ŋiʡa plur tu the spiː earth -ʋiɲa LOC tu the -nifi fem ʡu whole -ʔimi GEN tu the ha in_surface liː all -ʔimi GEN tu the fi language ŋiː one naː and ɴiːskiːʋi dialect ŋiː one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for journey/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for east/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ aː m iː ʋ a">ŋaːmiːʋa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="h aː">haː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j aː">jaː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ŋ aː m iː ʋ a">ŋaːmiːʋa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="h aː">haː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="j aː">jaː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ŋaːmiːʋa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">haː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">tu</word> + <word gloss="from_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">jaː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaːmiːʋa</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haː</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaː</span><br><span class="gls">from_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ŋaːmiːʋaʔiːqa ʔikakiː haːʋiɲa tu jaː</p> + <p>ngaamiiwa’iiqa ’ikakii haawiña tu jaa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ŋaːmiːʋa</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haː</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaː</o> + <g>from_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ngaamiiwa’iiqa ’ikakii haawiña tu jaa. [ŋaːmiːʋaʔiːqa ʔikakiː haːʋiɲa tu jaː] ŋaːmiːʋa journey -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur haː east -ʋiɲa LOC tu the jaː from_inside “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="obj">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for find/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for plain/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for land/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for wide/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for wide/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː k u">niːku</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i t iː ʋ aː">ʋitiːʋaː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i">ʋi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="p u">pu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ iː">ɲiʔiː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n iː k u">niːku</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n uː k u" underlying="n iː k u">nuːku</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i t iː ʋ aː">ʋitiːʋaː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i">ʋi</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="p u">pu</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ iː">ɲiʔiː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n uː k u" underlying="n iː k u">nuːku</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i t iː ʋ aː">ʋitiːʋaː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="ʋ i">ʋi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="p u">pu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i ʔ iː">ɲiʔiː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">naː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="n iː k u">nuːku</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">ʋitiːʋaː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ʋi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">pu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="wide" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">ɲiʔiː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">niːku</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋitiːʋaː</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋi</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pu</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiʔiː</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p> + <p>naː nuːkuʔuːqa ʔikakiː ʋitiːʋaː ʋiʋiɲa pu ɲiʔiːʔimi tu</p> + <p>naa nuuku’uuqa ’ikakii witiiwaa wiwiña pu ñi’ii’imi tu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>niːku</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋitiːʋaː</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋi</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pu</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiʔiː</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Naa nuuku’uuqa ’ikakii witiiwaa wiwiña pu ñi’ii’imi tu. [naː nuːkuʔuːqa ʔikakiː ʋitiːʋaː ʋiʋiɲa pu ɲiʔiːʔimi tu] naː and niːku find -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ʋitiːʋaː plain ʋi land -ʋiɲa LOC pu in_inside ɲiʔiː wide -ʔimi GEN tu the “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for dwell/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ iː ŋ a">ᵏǀiːŋa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="l a k i j a">lakija</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="m a">ma</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ iː ŋ a">ᵏǀiːŋa</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="l a k i j a">lakija</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="m a">ma</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ᵏǀiːŋa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">lakija</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">ma</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiːŋa</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lakija</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ᵏǀiːŋa lakijaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ma</p> + <p>ciinga lakija’iiqa ’ikakii ma</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiːŋa</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lakija</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Ciinga lakija’iiqa ’ikakii ma. [ᵏǀiːŋa lakijaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ma] ᵏǀiːŋa thus lakija dwell -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ma there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
submodule transform_verb_obj
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
- </np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
- </np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> </np> </subs> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> </np> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> </subs> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for say/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/mode/optional
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/comp/optional
Got COMP
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/mode/optional
Got imperative
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for brick/verb/comp/optional
Got COMP
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/optional
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> - <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ i ʋ i">ʋiʋi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word> + <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ a">ʔa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word> + <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ᵏǀ a p a">ᵏǀapa</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ i ʋ i">ʋiʋi</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word>
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word>
<thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ a">ʔa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="n aː">naː</word>
<thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
- <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word>
- <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</thingy>
+ <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word>
+ <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ u" underlying="ʔ i">ʔu</thingy>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ᵏǀ a p a">ᵏǀapa</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ i ʋ i">ʋiʋi</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <thingy gloss="make₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> - <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ a">ʔa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy gloss="burn₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> - <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ u" underlying="ʔ i">ʔu</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative" attach="suffix" ph="ɴ a ʜ i">ɴaʜi</thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl" ph="ᵏǀ a p a">ᵏǀapa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʋiʋi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> + <thingy gloss="make₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">ʔa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">ɴaʜi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">naː</word> + <word gloss="brick" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl.plur" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> + <thingy gloss="burn₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" underlying="ʔ i">ʔu</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="imperative">ɴaʜi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ABS">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1incl">ᵏǀapa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋiʋi</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiʡuma</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔa</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɴaʜi</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-spiŋaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡi</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiʡuma</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɴaʜi</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-spiŋaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡi</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀapa</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>ʋiʋiʔiːqa ʔikakiː ᵏǀuʡumaʔaɴaʜispiŋaː ʡikakiː naː ᵏǀuʡumaʔuɴaʜispiŋaː ʡikakiː ᵏǀapa</p> + <p>wiwi’iiqa ’ikakii cuʡuma’aɴaħħispingaa ʡikakii naa cuʡuma’uɴaħħispingaa ʡikakii capa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋiʋi</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiʡuma</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔa</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɴaʜi</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-spiŋaː</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡi</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiʡuma</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔi</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɴaʜi</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-spiŋaː</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡi</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀapa</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Wiwi’iiqa ’ikakii cuʡuma’aɴaħħispingaa ʡikakii naa cuʡuma’uɴaħħispingaa ʡikakii capa. [ʋiʋiʔiːqa ʔikakiː ᵏǀuʡumaʔaɴaʜispiŋaː ʡikakiː naː ᵏǀuʡumaʔuɴaʜispiŋaː ʡikakiː ᵏǀapa] ʋiʋi say -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ᵏǀiʡuma brick -ʔa make -ɴaʜi imperative -spiŋaː COMP ʡi 1incl.plur -kakiː plur naː and ᵏǀiʡuma brick -ʔi burn -ɴaʜi imperative -spiŋaː COMP ʡi 1incl.plur -kakiː plur ᵏǀapa thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for brick/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for stone/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="s+k iː">skiː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s i l uː">siluː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀiʡuma</word>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="s+k iː">skiː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s i l uː">siluː</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s u l uː" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ᵏǀ u ʡ u m a" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="s+k iː">skiː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s u l uː" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" underlying="ᵏǀ i ʡ u m a">ᵏǀuʡuma</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">skiː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋasqa</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiʡuma</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">skiː</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siluː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʋasqaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ᵏǀuʡuma skiːʋiɲa suluː</p> + <p>wasqa’iiqa ’ikakii cuʡuma skiiwiña suluu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʋasqa</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiʡuma</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>skiː</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siluː</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Wasqa’iiqa ’ikakii cuʡuma skiiwiña suluu. [ʋasqaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ᵏǀuʡuma skiːʋiɲa suluː] ʋasqa have -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ᵏǀiʡuma brick skiː stone -ʋiɲa LOC siluː PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for slime/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mortar/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɴ a n i ʜ a">ɴaniʜa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ a s+q i k i">ᵑǀasqiki</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s i l uː">siluː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="and" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɴ a n i ʜ a">ɴaniʜa</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ a s+q i k i">ᵑǀasqiki</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy>
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s i l uː">siluː</word>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s u l uː" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="ʋ a s+q a">ʋasqa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem" ph="ɴ a n i ʜ a">ɴaniʜa</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="ᵑǀ a s+q i k i">ᵑǀasqiki</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" ph="s u l uː" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">naː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">ʋasqa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" number="sing" locus="number" gender="fem">ɴaniʜa</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ᵑǀasqiki</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="purpose" underlying="s i l uː">suluː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋasqa</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɴaniʜa</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀasqiki</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siluː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>naː ʋasqaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ɴaniʜa ᵑǀasqikiʋiɲa suluː</p> + <p>naa wasqa’iiqa ’ikakii ɴaniħħa ncasqikiwiña suluu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋasqa</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɴaniʜa</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀasqiki</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siluː</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Naa wasqa’iiqa ’ikakii ɴaniħħa ncasqikiwiña suluu. [naː ʋasqaʔiːqa ʔikakiː ɴaniʜa ᵑǀasqikiʋiɲa suluː] naː and ʋasqa have -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ɴaniʜa slime ᵑǀasqiki mortar -ʋiɲa LOC siluː PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" def="neither" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="plur" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="sing" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/ta/optionalGot PRES
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/negation/optional
Got NEG
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for resemble/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for other/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for other/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j aː n i ʜ iː">jaːniʜiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ a ɴ i">ʋaɴi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="ʡ a">ʡa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʔ aː">ʔaː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j aː n i ʜ iː">jaːniʜiː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ a ɴ i">ʋaɴi</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="ʡ a">ʡa</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʔ aː">ʔaː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">jaːniʜiː</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG">ʋaɴi</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" tr="rheme">ʡa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="other" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">ʔaː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaːniʜiː</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋaɴi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡi</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡa</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔaː</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p> + <p>jaːniʜiːʋaɴi ʡikakiː ʡaŋiʡa ʔaːʔimi tu</p> + <p>jaaniħħiiwaɴi ʡikakii ʡangiʡa ’aa’imi tu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaːniʜiː</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋaɴi</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡi</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡa</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔaː</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaaniħħiiwaɴi ʡikakii ʡangiʡa ’aa’imi tu. [jaːniʜiːʋaɴi ʡikakiː ʡaŋiʡa ʔaːʔimi tu] jaːniʜiː resemble -ʋaɴi NEG ʡi 1incl.plur -kakiː plur ʡa human being -ŋiʡa plur ʔaː other -ʔimi GEN tu the “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
- </np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for shape/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for fight/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for time/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ aː n uː ɲ iː">ʔaːnuːɲiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+t a">sta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+k a">ska</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="f i">fi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ aː n uː ɲ iː">ʔaːnuːɲiː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ aː n uː ɲ uː" underlying="ʔ aː n uː ɲ iː">ʔaːnuːɲuː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+t a">sta</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+k a">ska</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="f i">fi</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="t u">tu</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> </flat> </s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ aː n uː ɲ uː" underlying="ʔ aː n uː ɲ iː">ʔaːnuːɲuː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+t a">sta</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="s+k a">ska</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="f i">fi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="ʔ aː n uː ɲ iː">ʔaːnuːɲuː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">sta</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" role="subj" tr="rheme">ska</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme">fi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme">tu</word> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔaːnuːɲiː</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sta</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ska</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>ʔaːnuːɲuːʔuːqa sta naː ska fiŋiʡa tu ʔikakiː</p> + <p>’aanuuñuu’uuqa sta naa ska fingiʡa tu ’ikakii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʔaːnuːɲiː</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sta</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ska</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
’aanuuñuu’uuqa sta naa ska fingiʡa tu ’ikakii. [ʔaːnuːɲuːʔuːqa sta naː ska fiŋiʡa tu ʔikakiː] ʔaːnuːɲiː shape -ʔiːqa PAST sta fight naː and ska time fi language -ŋiʡa plur tu the ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="plur" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for copy/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.plur.masc/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for sound/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mammal/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for bird/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
<np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <np number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i h a l iː">nihaliː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="t a">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ a m aː ʔ i">ʡamaːʔi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j a">ja</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i h a l iː">nihaliː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʔ i">ʔi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="t a">ta</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ a m aː ʔ i">ʡamaːʔi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="j a">ja</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="ŋ i ʡ a">ŋiʡa</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nihaliː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="plur" gender="masc" gloss="3.plur.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ʔi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">ta</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="rheme">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="owner" case="GEN">ʡamaːʔi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="fem">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" number="plur" locus="number" gender="fem" role="owner" case="GEN">ja</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">ŋiʡa</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nihaliː</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔi</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡamaːʔi</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ja</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ŋiʡa</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>nihaliːʔiːqa ʔikakiː taŋiʡa tu ʡamaːʔiŋiʡaʔimi naː jaŋiʡaʔimi</p> + <p>nihalii’iiqa ’ikakii tangiʡa tu ʡamaa’ingiʡa’imi naa jangiʡa’imi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>nihaliː</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʔi</o> + <g>3.plur.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ta</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡamaːʔi</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ja</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ŋiʡa</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Nihalii’iiqa ’ikakii tangiʡa tu ʡamaa’ingiʡa’imi naa jangiʡa’imi. [nihaliːʔiːqa ʔikakiː taŋiʡa tu ʡamaːʔiŋiʡaʔimi naː jaŋiʡaʔimi] nihaliː copy -ʔiːqa PAST ʔi 3.plur.masc -kakiː plur ta sound -ŋiʡa plur tu the ʡamaːʔi mammal -ŋiʡa plur -ʔimi GEN naː and ja bird -ŋiʡa plur -ʔimi GEN “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2noun:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module subordinate:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" gender="fem" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/comp/optional
Got COMP
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for different/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for different/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ uː">ᵏǀuː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m iː s uː l i">miːsuːli</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ᵏǀ iː">ᵏǀiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="f i">fi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="f u m aː">fumaː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n i f i">nifi</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="l a l a">lala</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s+p a f iː">spafiː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="p u">pu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s connector="but" translation="">
<flat>
<word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ uː">ᵏǀuː</word>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m iː s uː l i">miːsuːli</word>
- <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m uː s uː l u" underlying="m iː s uː l i">muːsuːlu</word>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ᵏǀ iː">ᵏǀiː</word>
<thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="f i">fi</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word>
<thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word>
<thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="f u m aː">fumaː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="t u">tu</word>
- <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n i f i">nifi</thingy>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n u f u" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="l a l a">lala</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s+p a f iː">spafiː</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="p u">pu</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ᵏǀ uː">ᵏǀuː</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m uː s uː l u" underlying="m iː s uː l i">muːsuːlu</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ uː q a" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="ᵏǀ iː">ᵏǀiː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP" attach="suffix" ph="s+p i ŋ aː">spiŋaː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="f i">fi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="f u m aː">fumaː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="n u f u" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="l a l a">lala</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s+p a f iː">spafiː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="p u">pu</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ᵏǀuː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="m iː s uː l i">muːsuːlu</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" underlying="ʔ iː q a">ʔuːqa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur.masc">ᵏǀiː</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="COMP">spiŋaː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">fi</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">tu</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS">fumaː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="fem" case="ABS">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" underlying="n i f i">nufu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">lala</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="different" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">spafiː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">pu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀuː</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːsuːli</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀiː</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-spiŋaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡi</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fumaː</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nifi</span><br><span class="gls">fem</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lala</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">spafiː</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pu</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ᵏǀuː muːsuːluʔuːqa ᵏǀiːspiŋaː fi tu ʡikakiː fumaː tunufu lalaʋiɲa spafiːʔimi tu pu</p> + <p>cuu muusuulu’uuqa ciispingaa fi tu ʡikakii fumaa tunufu lalawiña spafii’imi tu pu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀuː</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miːsuːli</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀiː</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-spiŋaː</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡi</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fumaː</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-nifi</o> + <g>fem</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lala</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>spafiː</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pu</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Cuu muusuulu’uuqa ciispingaa fi tu ʡikakii fumaa tunufu lalawiña spafii’imi tu pu. [ᵏǀuː muːsuːluʔuːqa ᵏǀiːspiŋaː fi tu ʡikakiː fumaː tunufu lalaʋiɲa spafiːʔimi tu pu] ᵏǀuː but miːsuːli arise -ʔiːqa PAST ᵏǀiː be -spiŋaː COMP fi language tu the ʡi 1incl.plur -kakiː plur fumaː langname tu the -nifi fem lala manner -ʋiɲa LOC spafiː different -ʔimi GEN tu the pu in_inside “But Fuma, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2noun:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
</np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="pred">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="pred">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="pred">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing" role="pred">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
+ <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred" number="plur"> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for appear/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for whole/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for whole/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for perfect/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for breath/noun/case/optional
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for single/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for single/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="pred" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/>
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
</pp>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="pred" number="plur"> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a s+ʔ i p aː">jasʔipaː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l a">la</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ u">ʡu</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ iː m iː s i">ᵑǀiːmiːsi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="m a ʡ a s a">maʡasa</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l iː f aː">liːfaː</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="p u">pu</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j a s+ʔ i p aː">jasʔipaː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="l a">la</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ u">ʡu</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ᵑǀ iː m iː s i">ᵑǀiːmiːsi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="m a ʡ a s a">maʡasa</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ i ɲ a">ʋiɲa</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="l iː f aː">liːfaː</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ i m i">ʔimi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="t u">tu</word> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="p u">pu</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">jasʔipaː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">la</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="whole" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">ʡu</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" number="plur">naː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="perfect" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">ᵑǀiːmiːsi</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="owned" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc" case="LOC">maʡasa</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ʋiɲa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="single" lexposp="adj" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">liːfaː</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ʔimi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="owner" case="GEN">tu</word> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">pu</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jasʔipaː</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">la</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡu</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀiːmiːsi</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maʡasa</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋiɲa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liːfaː</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔimi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pu</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>jasʔipaːʔiːqa la ʡuʔimi tu naː ᵑǀiːmiːsiʔimi tu maʡasaʋiɲa liːfaːʔimi tu pu</p> + <p>jas’ipaa’iiqa la ʡu’imi tu naa nciimiisi’imi tu maʡasawiña liifaa’imi tu pu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jasʔipaː</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>la</o> + <g>3.sing.masc</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡu</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀiːmiːsi</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maʡasa</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋiɲa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>liːfaː</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔimi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pu</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jas’ipaa’iiqa la ʡu’imi tu naa nciimiisi’imi tu maʡasawiña liifaa’imi tu pu [jasʔipaːʔiːqa la ʡuʔimi tu naː ᵑǀiːmiːsiʔimi tu maʡasaʋiɲa liːfaːʔimi tu pu] jasʔipaː appear -ʔiːqa PAST la 3.sing.masc ʡu whole -ʔimi GEN tu the naː and ᵑǀiːmiːsi perfect -ʔimi GEN tu the maʡasa breath -ʋiɲa LOC liːfaː single -ʔimi GEN tu the pu in_inside “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS" number="plur" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" case="ABS">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/negation/optional
Got NEG
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for evolve/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for 1incl.plur/pron/number/optional
Got plur
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k a q a j aː">kaqajaː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ a ɴ i">ʋaɴi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS" ph="f i">fi</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS" ph="t u">tu</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k a q a j aː">kaqajaː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG" attach="suffix" ph="ʋ a ɴ i">ʋaɴi</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS" ph="f i">fi</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS" ph="t u">tu</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʡ i">ʡi</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="k a k iː">kakiː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kaqajaː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="NEG">ʋaɴi</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS">fi</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" tr="theme" case="ABS">tu</word> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʡi</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">kakiː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaqajaː</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʋaɴi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fi</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tu</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʡi</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-kakiː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p> + <p>kaqajaːʔiːqaʋaɴi fi tu ʡikakiː</p> + <p>kaqajaa’iiqawaɴi fi tu ʡikakii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kaqajaː</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʋaɴi</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fi</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tu</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʡi</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-kakiː</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kaqajaa’iiqawaɴi fi tu ʡikakii. [kaqajaːʔiːqaʋaɴi fi tu ʡikakiː] kaqajaː evolve -ʔiːqa PAST -ʋaɴi NEG fi language tu the ʡi 1incl.plur -kakiː plur “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module adj2noun:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/ta/optionalGot PAST
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for create/verb/comp/optional
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.masc/pron/number/optional
Got sing
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS"/>
+ <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="ABS" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ a n a p iː">ʔanapiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="l a">la</word> + <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ʔ a n a p iː">ʔanapiː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="ʔ iː q a">ʔiːqa</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS" ph="l a">la</word> - <thingy type="pronnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ʔanapiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ʔiːqa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="ABS">la</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʔanapiː</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ʔiːqa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">la</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span></p> + <p>ʔanapiːʔiːqa la</p> + <p>’anapii’iiqa la</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʔanapiː</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ʔiːqa</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>la</o> + <g>3.sing.masc</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
’anapii’iiqa la. [ʔanapiːʔiːqa la] ʔanapiː create -ʔiːqa PAST la 3.sing.masc “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.07 seconds; writing the texts 0.03 seconds.