A Collection of Texts in Ropam
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t u ɲ">tuɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɾ i m">ɾim</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" ph="s u p">sup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" ph="p u">pu</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p a t">pat</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="m i s e ɲ i n">miseɲin</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="t u ɲ">tuɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="ɾ i m">ɾim</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number" ph="s u p">sup</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number" ph="p u">pu</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="p a t">pat</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="m i s e ɲ i n">miseɲin</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t i ɾ">tiɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">naʋ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">tuɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">sem</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def">ɾim</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" locus="number">sup</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" locus="number">pu</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">pa</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj">pat</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">tiɾ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj">miseɲin</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">tiɾ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naʋ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuɲ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sem</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾim</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sup</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pu</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pat</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miseɲin</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ naʋ tuɲ sem pa nuɾ ɾim sup pu pa pat tiɾ poɾ miseɲin tiɾ</p> + <p>paw naw tuñ sem pa nur rim sup pu pa pat tir por miseñin tir</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naʋ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuɲ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sem</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɾ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾim</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sup</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pu</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pat</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɾ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miseɲin</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɾ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw naw tuñ sem pa nur rim sup pu pa pat tir por miseñin tir. [paʋ naʋ tuɲ sem pa nuɾ ɾim sup pu pa pat tiɾ poɾ miseɲin tiɾ] paʋ PAST naʋ have tuɲ all sem human being pa the nuɾ in ɾim surface sup whole pu earth pa the pat language tiɾ one poɾ and miseɲin dialect tiɾ one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a k u ɾ">makuɾ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ i ɾ">ɲiɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" ph="k o n">kon</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m a k u ɾ">makuɾ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɲ i ɾ">ɲiɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" ph="k o n">kon</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">makuɾ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ɲiɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number">kon</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">pa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">makuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kon</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ makuɾ ɲit ɲiɾ ɲaɾ kon pa</p> + <p>paw makur ñit ñir ñar kon pa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>makuɾ</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɾ</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɾ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kon</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw makur ñit ñir ñar kon pa. [paʋ makuɾ ɲit ɲiɾ ɲaɾ kon pa] paʋ PAST makuɾ journey ɲit 3 ɲiɾ from ɲaɾ inside kon east pa the “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
- </np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <np locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ɲ">naɲ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʋ a ʋ i n">ʋaʋin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" ph="s a ɾ e m i j">saɾemij</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" ph="j e ɲ">jeɲ</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a ɲ">naɲ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʋ a ʋ i n">ʋaʋin</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" ph="s a ɾ e m i j">saɾemij</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" ph="j e ɲ">jeɲ</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">poɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">naɲ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide" role="obj" locus="number">ʋaʋin</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number">saɾemij</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number">jeɲ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naɲ</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋaʋin</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saɾemij</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jeɲ</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span></p> + <p>poɾ paʋ naɲ ɲit ʋaʋin saɾemij nuɾ ɲaɾ jeɲ</p> + <p>por paw nañ ñit wawin saremij nur ñar jeñ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naɲ</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋaʋin</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saɾemij</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɾ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɾ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jeɲ</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Por paw nañ ñit wawin saremij nur ñar jeñ. [poɾ paʋ naɲ ɲit ʋaʋin saɾemij nuɾ ɲaɾ jeɲ] poɾ and paʋ PAST naɲ find ɲit 3 ʋaʋin wide saɾemij plain nuɾ in ɲaɾ inside jeɲ land “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="p a ɲ a j">paɲaj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a s e k">sasek</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="j o k">jok</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="p a ɲ a j">paɲaj</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s a s e k">sasek</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="j o k">jok</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">paɲaj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">sasek</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">jok</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paɲaj</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sasek</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jok</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>paɲaj paʋ sasek ɲit jok</p> + <p>pañaj paw sasek ñit jok</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paɲaj</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sasek</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jok</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Pañaj paw sasek ñit jok. [paɲaj paʋ sasek ɲit jok] paɲaj thus paʋ PAST sasek dwell ɲit 3 jok there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" person="1incl">
<subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" person="1incl"> <subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</subs>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl"/>
<subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" person="1incl"> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - </subs> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl"/> - <subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl"/> - </subs> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k e j">kej</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="k i ɾ">kiɾ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="ɲ i ɲ">ɲiɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3" ph="s o p">sop</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="k i ɾ">kiɾ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="ɲ i ɲ">ɲiɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3" ph="s o n">son</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a p e t">ʋapet</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k e j">kej</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="k i ɾ">kiɾ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="ɲ i ɲ">ɲiɲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3" ph="s o p">sop</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="k i ɾ">kiɾ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ" ph="ɲ i ɲ">ɲiɲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3" ph="s o n">son</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl" ph="ʋ a p e t">ʋapet</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kej</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">si</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">kiɾ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ">ɲiɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">sop</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number">tajopak</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="obj" person="1incl">poɾ</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">si</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="imperative">kiɾ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="proclitic" gloss="1incl.SUBJ">ɲiɲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" subj="1incl" obj="3">son</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number">tajopak</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" role="obj" person="1incl">ʋapet</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kej</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kan</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sop</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tajopak</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɾ</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kan</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">son</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tajopak</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋapet</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ kej ɲit si kiɾ ɲiɲ kan sop tajopak poɾ si kiɾ ɲiɲ kan son tajopak ʋapet</p> + <p>paw kej ñit si kir ñiñ kan sop tajopak por si kir ñiñ kan son tajopak wapet</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kej</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɾ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɲ</o> + <g>1incl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kan</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sop</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tajopak</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiɾ</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲiɲ</o> + <g>1incl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kan</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>son</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tajopak</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋapet</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw kej ñit si kir ñiñ kan sop tajopak por si kir ñiñ kan son tajopak wapet. [paʋ kej ɲit si kiɾ ɲiɲ kan sop tajopak poɾ si kiɾ ɲiɲ kan son tajopak ʋapet] paʋ PAST kej say ɲit 3 si 1incl kiɾ imperative ɲiɲ 1incl.SUBJ kan COMP sop make tajopak brick poɾ and si 1incl kiɾ imperative ɲiɲ 1incl.SUBJ kan COMP son burn tajopak brick ʋapet thoroughly “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="k e p e ʋ">kepeʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" ph="n o j">noj</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t a j o p a k">tajopak</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="k e p e ʋ">kepeʋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" ph="n o j">noj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">naʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number">tajopak</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">kepeʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number">noj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naʋ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tajopak</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kepeʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">noj</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ naʋ ɲit tajopak kepeʋ noj</p> + <p>paw naw ñit tajopak kepew noj</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naʋ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tajopak</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kepeʋ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>noj</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw naw ñit tajopak kepew noj. [paʋ naʋ ɲit tajopak kepeʋ noj] paʋ PAST naʋ have ɲit 3 tajopak brick kepeʋ PURP noj stone “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j a ɲ i ɾ a ɾ">jaɲiɾaɾ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="k e p e ʋ">kepeʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" ph="j a ʋ a s a n">jaʋasan</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="n a ʋ">naʋ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" ph="j a ɲ i ɾ a ɾ">jaɲiɾaɾ</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="k e p e ʋ">kepeʋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" ph="j a ʋ a s a n">jaʋasan</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">poɾ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">naʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number">jaɲiɾaɾ</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">kepeʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number">jaʋasan</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naʋ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaɲiɾaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kepeʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaʋasan</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span></p> + <p>poɾ paʋ naʋ ɲit jaɲiɾaɾ kepeʋ jaʋasan</p> + <p>por paw naw ñit jañirar kepew jawasan</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naʋ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaɲiɾaɾ</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kepeʋ</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaʋasan</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Por paw naw ñit jañirar kepew jawasan. [poɾ paʋ naʋ ɲit jaɲiɾaɾ kepeʋ jaʋasan] poɾ and paʋ PAST naʋ have ɲit 3 jaɲiɾaɾ slime kepeʋ PURP jaʋasan mortar “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> </np> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n e t">net</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ e n a s">ɲenas</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t i k">tik</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n e t">net</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="ɲ e n a s">ɲenas</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="s i">si</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="t i k">tik</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="s e m">sem</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">net</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">ɲenas</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">si</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">tik</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">sem</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">net</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲenas</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tik</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sem</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>net ɲenas si tik sem</p> + <p>net ñenas si tik sem</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>net</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲenas</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tik</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sem</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Net ñenas si tik sem. [net ɲenas si tik sem] net NEG ɲenas resemble si 1incl tik other sem human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p a s+t a p">pastap</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t a ɲ">taɲ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ʋ o j">ʋoj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a t">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p a s+t a p">pastap</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="t a ɲ">taɲ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="ʋ o j">ʋoj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a t">pat</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a">pa</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">pastap</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">taɲ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">ʋoj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">kem</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɲit</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pastap</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɲ</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋoj</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pat</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ pastap taɲ poɾ ʋoj pat pa kem ɲit</p> + <p>paw pastap tañ por woj pat pa kem ñit</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pastap</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taɲ</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋoj</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pat</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kem</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw pastap tañ por woj pat pa kem ñit. [paʋ pastap taɲ poɾ ʋoj pat pa kem ɲit] paʋ PAST pastap shape taɲ fight poɾ and ʋoj time pat language pa the kem GEN ɲit 3 “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ʋ e ʋ">kiʋeʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="j e k">jek</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p a">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p e p a m a">pepama</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ a j">ɲaj</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ʋ e ʋ">kiʋeʋ</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="j e k">jek</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="p a">pa</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p e p a m a">pepama</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɲ a j">ɲaj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kiʋeʋ</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">jek</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">kem</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">pepama</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">poɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɲaj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiʋeʋ</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jek</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pepama</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaj</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ kiʋeʋ ɲit jek pa kem pepama poɾ ɲaj</p> + <p>paw kiwew ñit jek pa kem pepama por ñaj</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiʋeʋ</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jek</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kem</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pepama</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaj</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw kiwew ñit jek pa kem pepama por ñaj. [paʋ kiʋeʋ ɲit jek pa kem pepama poɾ ɲaj] paʋ PAST kiʋeʋ copy ɲit 3 jek sound pa the kem GEN pepama mammal poɾ and ɲaj bird “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module subordinate:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- </np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j o j">joj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i s a ɲ">nisaɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="t i ɲ">tiɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p a t">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p a">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s i">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɾ o p a m">ɾopam</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" ph="n a j e p">najep</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" ph="ɾ e ɾ e t">ɾeɾet</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="j o j">joj</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i s a ɲ">nisaɲ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a n">kan</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3" ph="t i ɲ">tiɲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p a t">pat</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="p a">pa</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s i">si</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɾ o p a m">ɾopam</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="p a">pa</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number" ph="n a j e p">najep</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number" ph="ɾ e ɾ e t">ɾeɾet</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">joj</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nisaɲ</word> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="proclitic" gloss="COMP">kan</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3">tiɲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">kem</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">si</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɾopam</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">pa</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" locus="number">najep</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" locus="number">ɾeɾet</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">joj</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nisaɲ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kan</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiɲ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pat</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾopam</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">najep</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾeɾet</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span></p> + <p>joj paʋ nisaɲ kan tiɲ pat pa kem si ɾopam pa nuɾ ɲaɾ najep ɾeɾet</p> + <p>joj paw nisañ kan tiñ pat pa kem si ropam pa nur ñar najep reret</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>joj</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nisaɲ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kan</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiɲ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pat</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kem</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾopam</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɾ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɾ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>najep</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾeɾet</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Joj paw nisañ kan tiñ pat pa kem si ropam pa nur ñar najep reret. [joj paʋ nisaɲ kan tiɲ pat pa kem si ɾopam pa nuɾ ɲaɾ najep ɾeɾet] joj but paʋ PAST nisaɲ arise kan COMP tiɲ be pat language pa the kem GEN si 1incl ɾopam langname pa the nuɾ in ɲaɾ inside najep different ɾeɾet manner “But Ropam, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred" number="plur">
+ <np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
- <np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> <np locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </np> </pp> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </np>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
- <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/>
<np def="def">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred"> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n e k a k">nekak</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="s u p">sup</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="n i j a p a t">nijapat</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" ph="ʋ e ʋ a ʋ">ʋeʋaʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" ph="m i ʋ i ɲ a p">miʋiɲap</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n e k a k">nekak</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred" ph="s u p">sup</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="p o ɾ">poɾ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred" ph="n i j a p a t">nijapat</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="n u ɾ">nuɾ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="ɲ a ɾ">ɲaɾ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number" ph="ʋ e ʋ a ʋ">ʋeʋaʋ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number" ph="m i ʋ i ɲ a p">miʋiɲap</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nekak</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ɲit</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" locus="number" role="pred">sup</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred">poɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect" locus="number" role="pred">nijapat</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">nuɾ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">ɲaɾ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single" locus="number">ʋeʋaʋ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" locus="number">miʋiɲap</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nekak</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sup</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">poɾ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nijapat</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɾ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲaɾ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʋeʋaʋ</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miʋiɲap</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ nekak ɲit sup poɾ nijapat nuɾ ɲaɾ ʋeʋaʋ miʋiɲap</p> + <p>paw nekak ñit sup por nijapat nur ñar wewaw miwiñap</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nekak</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sup</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>poɾ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nijapat</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɾ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲaɾ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʋeʋaʋ</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miʋiɲap</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw nekak ñit sup por nijapat nur ñar wewaw miwiñap [paʋ nekak ɲit sup poɾ nijapat nuɾ ɲaɾ ʋeʋaʋ miʋiɲap] paʋ PAST nekak appear ɲit 3 sup whole poɾ and nijapat perfect nuɾ in ɲaɾ inside ʋeʋaʋ single miʋiɲap breath “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="subj" tr="theme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n e t">net</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a m a">nama</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a t">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s i">si</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="n e t">net</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n a m a">nama</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a t">pat</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="p a">pa</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="k e m">kem</thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="s i">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="NEG">net</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nama</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">pat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">pa</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">kem</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">si</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">net</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nama</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pat</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kem</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ net nama pat pa kem si</p> + <p>paw net nama pat pa kem si</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>net</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nama</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pat</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pa</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kem</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw net nama pat pa kem si. [paʋ net nama pat pa kem si] paʋ PAST net NEG nama evolve pat language pa the kem GEN si 1incl “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> </np> </s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i j o j">nijoj</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
<s translation="">
<flat>
<thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n i j o j">nijoj</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u j o j" underlying="n i j o j">nujoj</word>
<word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word>
</flat>
</s>
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a ʋ">paʋ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n u j o j" underlying="n i j o j">nujoj</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɲ i t">ɲit</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">paʋ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" underlying="n i j o j">nujoj</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number">ɲit</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paʋ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nijoj</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲit</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span></p> + <p>paʋ nujoj ɲit</p> + <p>paw nujoj ñit</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>paʋ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nijoj</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲit</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Paw nujoj ñit. [paʋ nujoj ɲit] paʋ PAST nijoj create ɲit 3 “It was created.” | (14) |
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