A Collection of Texts in Paba
What follows is a collection of texts intended to illustrate the language in more natural and extended use than the glossed examples found in the grammar.
The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1–9)
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>all</adj>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>earth</noun>
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>dialect</noun>
<num>one</num>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
- </relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- </relp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj">
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="obj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="one"/>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/> </np> </np> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> <np locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/> - </np> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e">te</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɲ a">ɲa</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɡ i">ɡi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" ph="m e">me</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t a">ta</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t aː">taː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ e ɲ i w aː">ɡeɲiwaː</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t aː">taː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t e">te</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɲ a">ɲa</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɡ i">ɡi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj" ph="m e">me</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t a">ta</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t aː">taː</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj" ph="ɡ e ɲ i w aː">ɡeɲiwaː</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj" ph="t aː">taː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det">ɾuː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">te</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" def="def" locus="number">ɲa</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">ɾuː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ɡi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="subj">me</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def">kuː</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɾe</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" role="obj">ta</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">taː</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" role="obj">ɡeɲiwaː</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" role="obj">taː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaːme</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲa</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡi</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">me</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾe</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taː</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡeɲiwaː</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taː</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>jaːme ɾaːɾo ɾuː te ɲa ɾuː ɡi me kuː ɾe ta taː mi ɡeɲiwaː taː</p> + <p>jaame raaro ruu te ña ruu gi me kuu re ta taa mi geñiwaa taa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaːme</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲa</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡi</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>me</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾe</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ta</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taː</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡeɲiwaː</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taː</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaame raaro ruu te ña ruu gi me kuu re ta taa mi geñiwaa taa. [jaːme ɾaːɾo ɾuː te ɲa ɾuː ɡi me kuː ɾe ta taː mi ɡeɲiwaː taː] jaːme have ɾaːɾo PAST ɾuː the te all ɲa human being ɾuː the ɡi whole me earth kuː surface ɾe in ta language taː one mi and ɡeɲiwaː dialect taː one “All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.” | (1) |
And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>journey</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>east</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>journey</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>east</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="east"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="from" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> </np> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They journeyed from the east.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <pp p="from" location="inside" precise="no"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ɾ aː s i">kiɾaːsi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" ph="d u">du</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɡ iː">ɡiː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="k i ɾ aː s i">kiɾaːsi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number" ph="d u">du</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> - <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no" ph="ɡ iː">ɡiː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="journey" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">kiɾaːsi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">do</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="east" def="def" locus="number">du</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">bu</word> + <word gloss="from" posp="pp" p="from" location="inside" precise="no">ɡiː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiɾaːsi</span><br><span class="gls">journey</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">du</span><br><span class="gls">east</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bu</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡiː</span><br><span class="gls">from</span></span></p> + <p>kiɾaːsi ɾaːɾo do ɾuː du bu ɡiː</p> + <p>kiraasi raaro do ruu du bu gii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kiɾaːsi</o> + <g>journey</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>du</o> + <g>east</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bu</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡiː</o> + <g>from</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Kiraasi raaro do ruu du bu gii. [kiɾaːsi ɾaːɾo do ɾuː du bu ɡiː] kiɾaːsi journey ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 ɾuː the du east bu inside ɡiː from “They journeyed from the east.” | (2) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>find</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>plain</noun>
<adj>wide</adj>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>land</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>find</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>plain</noun> - <adj>wide</adj> + <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>land</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="wide"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="find"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/>
<pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="land"/>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> <np locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they found a wide plain in the a land.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i k u">siku</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="n u ɡ oː">nuɡoː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" ph="n i s a s i">nisasi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" ph="k aː">kaː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="s i k u">siku</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="n u ɡ oː">nuɡoː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number" ph="n i s a s i">nisasi</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number" ph="k aː">kaː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">mi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="find" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">siku</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">do</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="wide" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">nuɡoː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="plain" role="obj" locus="number">nisasi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="land" locus="number">kaː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="inside" precise="yes">ɾe</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siku</span><br><span class="gls">find</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuɡoː</span><br><span class="gls">wide</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nisasi</span><br><span class="gls">plain</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaː</span><br><span class="gls">land</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bu</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾe</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>mi siku ɾaːɾo do nuɡoː nisasi kaː bu ɾe</p> + <p>mi siku raaro do nugoo nisasi kaa bu re</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siku</o> + <g>find</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nuɡoː</o> + <g>wide</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nisasi</o> + <g>plain</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaː</o> + <g>land</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bu</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾe</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Mi siku raaro do nugoo nisasi kaa bu re. [mi siku ɾaːɾo do nuɡoː nisasi kaː bu ɾe] mi and siku find ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 nuɡoː wide nisasi plain kaː land bu inside ɾe in “And they found a wide plain in the a land.” | (3) |
initial XML:
<s connector="thus">
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>dwell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<adv>there</adv>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>dwell</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <adv>there</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="thus"> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="thus">
+ <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="thus">
<word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="there"/>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="thus"> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="thus"> + <flat> <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>Thus they dwelled there.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="thus"> +<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there"/> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɾ u t eː">ɾuteː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o b a s i">nobasi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="n i">ni</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="thus" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="thus" posp="conj" ph="ɾ u t eː">ɾuteː</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="n o b a s i">nobasi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="there" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word gloss="thus" posp="conj">ɾuteː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="dwell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">nobasi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">do</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="there">ni</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuteː</span><br><span class="gls">thus</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nobasi</span><br><span class="gls">dwell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">there</span></span></p> + <p>ɾuteː nobasi ɾaːɾo do ni</p> + <p>rutee nobasi raaro do ni</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɾuteː</o> + <g>thus</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nobasi</o> + <g>dwell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>there</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rutee nobasi raaro do ni. [ɾuteː nobasi ɾaːɾo do ni] ɾuteː thus nobasi dwell ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 ni there “Thus they dwelled there.” | (4) |
And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay">
<verb>say</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>make</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp tam="imperative">
<verb>burn</verb>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>brick</noun>
</np>
<adv>thoroughly</adv>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>say</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>make</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp tam="imperative"> - <verb>burn</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> - <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> - <adv>thoroughly</adv> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> </subs> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> </vp> <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> </np> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> </conjp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva3
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ </vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing">
+ <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" number="sing" case="GEN">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<conjp conj="and">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
- <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj">
- <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
+ <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" person="1incl">
<np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" person="1incl">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" person="1incl">
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- </np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="say"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="make"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- </np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" case="GEN" type="owner_owned" person="1incl">
<subs>
<np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" role="owned" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <np role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m u ɾ a">muɾa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m o k eː">mokeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="ɾ o ɲ a">ɾoɲa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t a z i">tazi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m o k eː">mokeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="t uː">tuː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t a z i">tazi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="j a ɲ i">jaɲi</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m u ɾ a">muɾa</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m o k eː">mokeː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="ɾ o ɲ a">ɾoɲa</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t a z i">tazi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC" ph="m o k eː">mokeː</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="t uː">tuː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative" ph="t a z i">tazi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly" ph="j a ɲ i">jaɲi</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="say" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">muɾa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">do</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">koː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ɾiɾiti</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">mokeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="make" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">ɾoɲa</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">tazi</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">bizi</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">mi</word> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" role="owned" locus="number">koː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ɾiɾiti</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACC">mokeː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="burn" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="perfective" mode="imperative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">tuː</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="imperative">tazi</thingy> + <word posp="adv" gloss="thoroughly">jaɲi</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">bizi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muɾa</span><br><span class="gls">say</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾiɾiti</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mokeː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾoɲa</span><br><span class="gls">make</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tazi</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bizi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾiɾiti</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mokeː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuː</span><br><span class="gls">burn</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tazi</span><br><span class="gls">imperative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaɲi</span><br><span class="gls">thoroughly</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bizi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span></p> + <p>muɾa ɾaːɾo do koː ɾiɾiti mokeː ɾoɲa tazi bizi mi koː ɾiɾiti mokeː tuː tazi jaɲi bizi</p> + <p>mura raaro do koo ririti mokee roña tazi bizi mi koo ririti mokee tuu tazi jañi bizi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>muɾa</o> + <g>say</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koː</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾiɾiti</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mokeː</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾoɲa</o> + <g>make</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tazi</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bizi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koː</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾiɾiti</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mokeː</o> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tuː</o> + <g>burn</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tazi</o> + <g>imperative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaɲi</o> + <g>thoroughly</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bizi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Mura raaro do koo ririti mokee roña tazi bizi mi koo ririti mokee tuu tazi jañi bizi. [muɾa ɾaːɾo do koː ɾiɾiti mokeː ɾoɲa tazi bizi mi koː ɾiɾiti mokeː tuː tazi jaɲi bizi] muɾa say ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 koː 1incl ɾiɾiti brick mokeː ACC ɾoɲa make tazi imperative bizi GEN mi and koː 1incl ɾiɾiti brick mokeː ACC tuː burn tazi imperative jaɲi thoroughly bizi GEN “They said: Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly.” | (5) |
And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>brick</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>stone</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>brick</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>stone</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They had bricks for stone.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" ph="m a">ma</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="s e d i">sedi</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɾ i ɾ i t i">ɾiɾiti</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number" ph="m a">ma</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="s e d i">sedi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="brick" role="obj" locus="number">ɾiɾiti</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="stone" locus="number">ma</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">sedi</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaːme</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾiɾiti</span><br><span class="gls">brick</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ma</span><br><span class="gls">stone</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sedi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>jaːme ɾaːɾo do ɾiɾiti ma sedi</p> + <p>jaame raaro do ririti ma sedi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jaːme</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾiɾiti</o> + <g>brick</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ma</o> + <g>stone</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sedi</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jaame raaro do ririti ma sedi. [jaːme ɾaːɾo do ɾiɾiti ma sedi] jaːme have ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 ɾiɾiti brick ma stone sedi PURP “They had bricks for stone.” | (6) |
initial XML:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>slime</noun>
<pp role="purpose">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>mortar</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>slime</noun> + <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>mortar</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s connector="and">
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="and"> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" evidence="hearsay" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> + <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> </np> </pp> </np> </s>
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="and">
+ <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="and">
<word gloss="and" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans>
<vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/>
<pp role="purpose">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/>
</np>
<word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="and"> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/> <pp role="purpose"> <np locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> </pp> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="and"> + <flat> <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>And they had slime for mortar.</littrans> - <vp tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <pp role="purpose"> - <np locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> - </pp> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="and"> +<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose"/> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ uː s e m iː">ɡuːsemiː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" ph="s u b i w aː">subiwaː</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="s e d i">sedi</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="and" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="and" posp="conj" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST" ph="j aː m e">jaːme</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɡ uː s e m iː">ɡuːsemiː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number" ph="s u b i w aː">subiwaː</word> - <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose" ph="s e d i">sedi</word> + <word gloss="and" posp="conj">mi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" tense="past" asp="habitual" mode="indicative" voice="active" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PAST">jaːme</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="slime" role="obj" locus="number">ɡuːsemiː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mortar" locus="number">subiwaː</word> + <word gloss="PURP" posp="pp" role="purpose">sedi</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaːme</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡuːsemiː</span><br><span class="gls">slime</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">subiwaː</span><br><span class="gls">mortar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sedi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PURP</span></span></span></p> + <p>mi jaːme ɾaːɾo do ɡuːsemiː subiwaː sedi</p> + <p>mi jaame raaro do guusemii subiwaa sedi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaːme</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡuːsemiː</o> + <g>slime</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>subiwaː</o> + <g>mortar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sedi</o> + <g>PURP</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Mi jaame raaro do guusemii subiwaa sedi. [mi jaːme ɾaːɾo do ɡuːsemiː subiwaː sedi] mi and jaːme have ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 ɡuːsemiː slime subiwaː mortar sedi PURP “And they had slime for mortar.” | (7) |
A Creation Myth
We are not like other people.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes">
<verb>resemble</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>human being</noun>
<adj>other</adj>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="no" negation="yes"> - <verb>resemble</verb> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>other</adj> + <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="other"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="neither" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans>
<vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> </np> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>We do not resemble other humans.</littrans> - <vp question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j oː t i b a">joːtiba</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="s i ɾ i">siɾi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="k o">ko</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɲ a">ɲa</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" ph="j oː t i b a">joːtiba</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="s i ɾ i">siɾi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k oː">koː</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="k o">ko</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɲ a">ɲa</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="resemble" question="not.Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">joːtiba</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">siɾi</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">koː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="other" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ko</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">ɲa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">joːtiba</span><br><span class="gls">resemble</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siɾi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ko</span><br><span class="gls">other</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲa</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span></p> + <p>joːtiba siɾi koː ko ɲa</p> + <p>jootiba siri koo ko ña</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>joːtiba</o> + <g>resemble</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siɾi</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koː</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ko</o> + <g>other</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲa</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Jootiba siri koo ko ña. [joːtiba siɾi koː ko ɲa] joːtiba resemble siɾi NEG koː 1incl ko other ɲa human being “We do not resemble other humans.” | (8) |
Their languages were shaped by struggle and time.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>shape</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>fight</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="sing">
<noun>time</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>shape</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>fight</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>time</noun> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np role="obj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="theme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np role="obj" tr="theme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="time"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Their languages were shaped by fight and time.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i d aː t a">tidaːta</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="j a">ja</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="k iː">kiː</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d o">do</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t a">ta</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t i d aː t a">tidaːta</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="j a">ja</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme" ph="k iː">kiː</word> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d o">do</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme" ph="t a">ta</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="shape" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">tidaːta</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="fight" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">ja</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="time" locus="number" role="subj" tr="rheme">kiː</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">do</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="theme">ta</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tidaːta</span><br><span class="gls">shape</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ja</span><br><span class="gls">fight</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiː</span><br><span class="gls">time</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bizi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>tidaːta ɾaːɾo ja mi kiː do bizi ɾuː ta</p> + <p>tidaata raaro ja mi kii do bizi ruu ta</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>tidaːta</o> + <g>shape</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ja</o> + <g>fight</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiː</o> + <g>time</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bizi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ta</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Tidaata raaro ja mi kii do bizi ruu ta. [tidaːta ɾaːɾo ja mi kiː do bizi ɾuː ta] tidaːta shape ɾaːɾo PAST ja fight mi and kiː time do 3 bizi GEN ɾuː the ta language “Their languages were shaped by fight and time.” | (9) |
They copied the sounds of beasts and birds, and they learned to speak like that.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>copy</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>human being</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>mammal</noun>
</np>
<np def="neither" number="plur">
<noun>bird</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def">
<noun>sound</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>copy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>human being</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>mammal</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="plur"> - <noun>bird</noun> + <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np number="plur" def="def"> - <noun>sound</noun> + <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np def="neither" number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> </np> <np number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
<np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="plur" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="plur">
- <np number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
- <np number="plur" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
- <np number="plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
- <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <np locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɾ a k a h u">ɾakahu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d u ɡ o k i">duɡoki</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="m o">mo</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ iː">ɾiː</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɾ a k a h u">ɾakahu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="d u ɡ o k i">duɡoki</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="m o">mo</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme" ph="ɾ iː">ɾiː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="copy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɾakahu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">do</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mammal" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">duɡoki</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">mi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="bird" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">mo</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="sound" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" tr="rheme">ɾiː</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾakahu</span><br><span class="gls">copy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">duɡoki</span><br><span class="gls">mammal</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mo</span><br><span class="gls">bird</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bizi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾiː</span><br><span class="gls">sound</span></span></p> + <p>ɾakahu ɾaːɾo do duɡoki mi mo bizi ɾuː ɾiː</p> + <p>rakahu raaro do dugoki mi mo bizi ruu rii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɾakahu</o> + <g>copy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>duɡoki</o> + <g>mammal</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mo</o> + <g>bird</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bizi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾiː</o> + <g>sound</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Rakahu raaro do dugoki mi mo bizi ruu rii. [ɾakahu ɾaːɾo do duɡoki mi mo bizi ɾuː ɾiː] ɾakahu copy ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 duɡoki mammal mi and mo bird bizi GEN ɾuː the ɾiː sound “They copied the sounds of mammals and birds.” | (10) |
But our language arose in a different way.
initial XML:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>arise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this">
<noun>langname</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>manner</noun>
<adj>different</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
<vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<relp>
- <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module RelN:
<s connector="but">
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but">
+ <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- </vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module casemarking:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module markowner:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np role="obj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
- <np role="obj" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme">
+ <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- </np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but">
<word gloss="but" posp="conj"/>
<littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<subs>
- <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj"/> </np> </np> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np locus="number"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj"/> - </np> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="p i">pi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h aː ɡ a n i">haːɡani</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k oː">koː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t a">ta</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="w oː">woː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="p aː b a">paːba</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a j uː">dajuː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" ph="m aː k i">maːki</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="p i">pi</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h aː ɡ a n i">haːɡani</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k oː">koː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="b i z i">bizi</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="t a">ta</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3" ph="w oː">woː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="p aː b a">paːba</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d a j uː">dajuː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj" ph="m aː k i">maːki</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">pi</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">haːɡani</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">koː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="GEN">bizi</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">ta</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3">woː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">paːba</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="different" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">dajuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" role="subj">maːki</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɾe</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haːɡani</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bizi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">woː</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːba</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dajuː</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maːki</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bu</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾe</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>pi haːɡani ɾaːɾo koː bizi ɾuː ta woː ɾuː paːba dajuː maːki bu ɾe</p> + <p>pi haagani raaro koo bizi ruu ta woo ruu paaba dajuu maaki bu re</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>pi</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haːɡani</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koː</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bizi</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ta</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>woː</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːba</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dajuː</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maːki</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bu</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾe</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Pi haagani raaro koo bizi ruu ta woo ruu paaba dajuu maaki bu re. [pi haːɡani ɾaːɾo koː bizi ɾuː ta woː ɾuː paːba dajuː maːki bu ɾe] pi but haːɡani arise ɾaːɾo PAST koː 1incl bizi GEN ɾuː the ta language woː be ɾuː the paːba langname dajuː different maːki manner bu inside ɾe in “But Paba, which is our language, arose in a different way.” | (11) |
It was born whole and perfect in a single breath.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>appear</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>whole</adj>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<adj>perfect</adj>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing">
<noun>breath</noun>
<adj>single</adj>
</np>
</pp>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>appear</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <adj>perfect</adj> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>breath</noun> - <adj>single</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/> </np> </pp> </s>
module adj2verb:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word posp="adj" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ </relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="single"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</pp>
</s>
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
</relp>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/> </relp> </np> </conjp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"/>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</pp>
</s>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred">
+ <np role="pred" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np number="sing" locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- <np role="pred" number="plur">
+ <np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <np role="subj"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing"/>
+ <np role="subj"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" number="sing">
+ <np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" output="aspron" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<conjp conj="and">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
flattenconjp:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np locus="number">
+ <np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
<np role="pred">
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np locus="number" role="pred">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj"/>
</np>
</np>
<pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside">
- <np type="owner_owned">
<np locus="number">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj">
<word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <np role="pred"> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"/> </np> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> <np locus="number" role="pred"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np locus="number"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <np role="subj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj"/> </np> </np> <np def="def"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <np role="pred"> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <np locus="number" role="pred"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj"/> - </np> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np locus="number"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np role="subj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj"/> - </np> - </np> - <np def="def"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="z uː ɡ i m a">zuːɡima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɡ i">ɡi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="m i">mi</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d i s i j aː">disijaː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t iː d i">tiːdi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" ph="h a s a z uː">hasazuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="z uː ɡ i m a">zuːɡima</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="d o">do</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɡ i">ɡi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred" ph="m i">mi</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="d i s i j aː">disijaː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="t iː d i">tiːdi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj" ph="h a s a z uː">hasazuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" ph="b u">bu</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="ɾ e">ɾe</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="appear" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">zuːɡima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">do</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ɡi</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" role="pred">mi</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="perfect" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">disijaː</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="single" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">tiːdi</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="breath" role="subj">hasazuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def">bu</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">ɾe</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zuːɡima</span><br><span class="gls">appear</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡi</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">mi</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">disijaː</span><br><span class="gls">perfect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tiːdi</span><br><span class="gls">single</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hasazuː</span><br><span class="gls">breath</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">bu</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾe</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>zuːɡima ɾaːɾo do ɡi mi disijaː tiːdi hasazuː bu ɾe</p> + <p>zuugima raaro do gi mi disijaa tiidi hasazuu bu re</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>zuːɡima</o> + <g>appear</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡi</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>mi</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>disijaː</o> + <g>perfect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tiːdi</o> + <g>single</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hasazuː</o> + <g>breath</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>bu</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾe</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Zuugima raaro do gi mi disijaa tiidi hasazuu bu re [zuːɡima ɾaːɾo do ɡi mi disijaː tiːdi hasazuː bu ɾe] zuːɡima appear ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 ɡi whole mi and disijaː perfect tiːdi single hasazuː breath bu inside ɾe in “It appeared whole and perfect in a single breath” | (12) |
Our language did not evolve; it was created.
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes">
<verb>evolve</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="yes"> - <verb>evolve</verb> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module propagatenumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM" number="plur">
- <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1incl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
copyuptophrase:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np role="subj" tr="theme" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
- </np>
</s>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s>
<littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans>
<vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" role="subj" tr="theme">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl">
<word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
- </np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</s>
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl"/> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>Our language did not evolve.</littrans> - <vp negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p uː b iː n o">puːbiːno</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="s i ɾ i">siɾi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k oː">koː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="t a">ta</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="p uː b iː n o">puːbiːno</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="s i ɾ i">siɾi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="k oː">koː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="ɾ uː">ɾuː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme" ph="t a">ta</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="evolve" negation="NEG" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">puːbiːno</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">siɾi</thingy> + <word person="1incl" posp="pron" gloss="1incl" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">koː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">ɾuː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" tr="theme">ta</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">puːbiːno</span><br><span class="gls">evolve</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siɾi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">koː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾuː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ta</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span></p> + <p>puːbiːno ɾaːɾo siɾi koː ɾuː ta</p> + <p>puubiino raaro siri koo ruu ta</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>puːbiːno</o> + <g>evolve</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siɾi</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>koː</o> + <g>1incl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾuː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ta</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Puubiino raaro siri koo ruu ta. [puːbiːno ɾaːɾo siɾi koː ɾuː ta] puːbiːno evolve ɾaːɾo PAST siɾi NEG koː 1incl ɾuː the ta language “Our language did not evolve.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>create</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron">
<noun>language</noun>
</np>
</s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>create</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </s>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
module markowner:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
</np>
</s>
createpronouns:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/>
+ <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
</np>
</s>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s>
<littrans>It was created.</littrans>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="create"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>It was created.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> </np> </s>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<s> - <littrans>It was created.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>
addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m oː j e t oː">moːjetoː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="m oː j e t oː">moːjetoː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ɾ aː ɾ o">ɾaːɾo</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="d o">do</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="NOM" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="create" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">moːjetoː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ɾaːɾo</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="3" role="obj" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">do</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">moːjetoː</span><br><span class="gls">create</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɾaːɾo</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">do</span><br><span class="gls">3</span></span></p> + <p>moːjetoː ɾaːɾo do</p> + <p>moojetoo raaro do</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>moːjetoː</o> + <g>create</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɾaːɾo</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>do</o> + <g>3</g> + </w> + </il> </s>
Moojetoo raaro do. [moːjetoː ɾaːɾo do] moːjetoː create ɾaːɾo PAST do 3 “It was created.” | (14) |
Language creation took 0.06 seconds; writing the texts 0.04 seconds.