A Grammar of Z
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Z language (the 1079th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Z.
Typological Profile
It has a total lack of nasal consonants, four genders, a disproportionately large set of glottal and uvular consonants and postpositions.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Z has an extremely large consonant inventory, totalling 76 phonemes. Such a system is exceptional in scale.
It has a total lack of nasal consonants, an exceptionally dense sibilant inventory, a maximally contrastive voicing system, a highly developed aspirated consonant series and an extensively developed liquid system.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Z. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | phar. alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | lateral | palatal | retroflex | velar | lab. velar | uvular | lab. uvular | pharyngeal | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p b | d t | dˤ tˤ | ɖ ʈ | k ɡ | kʷ ɡʷ | q ɢ | qʷ ɢʷ | ʔ | |||||
| aspirated stop | pʰ | tʰ | tʰˤ | ʈʰ | kʰ | kʰʷ | ||||||||
| preaspirated stop | ht | htˤ | hʈ | hk | hkʷ | |||||||||
| breathy stop | dʱ | dʱˤ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | ɡʱʷ | |||||||||
| trill/tap/flap | r̥ ɾ | r̥ˤ ɾˤ | ɺ | ɽ | ||||||||||
| fricative | f v | s z | sˤ zˤ | ʃ ʒ | ɕ ʑ | ɬ | ʂ ʐ | x ɣ | xʷ ɣʷ | ʕ | h | |||
| approximant | w | ɹ | ɹˤ | ʎ | j | ɻ | ɰ | ɰʷ | ||||||
| affricate | t͡ʃ | t͡ɕ | ||||||||||||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ɗˤ |
Vowels
Z has more than 14 vowel qualities. This constitutes an exceptionally rich vowel inventory, with numerous distinct categories represented in the chart.
It has a fully developed system of nasal vowels matching the oral height distinctions, phonologically distinctive back unrounded vowels and an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Z. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back unrounded | back rounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | i ĩ | ɯ ɯ̃ | u ũ | |
| mid | e ẽ | ɤ ɤ̃ | o õ | |
| open-mid | ɛ | ʌ | ɔ | |
| open | a ã |
Stress and Tones
Z has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Z is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /a/ | b /b/ | d /d/ | ḍ /dˤ/ |
| e /e/ | f /f/ | g /ɡ/ | h /h/ |
| i /i/ | j /j/ | k /k/ | l /l/ |
| o /ɔ/ | p /p/ | q /q/ | r /ɾ/ |
| ṛ /ɾˤ/ | r̥ /r̥/ | r̥̣ /r̥ˤ/ | s /s/ |
| ṣ /sˤ/ | t /t/ | ṭ /tˤ/ | u /u/ |
| v /v/ | w /w/ | x /x/ | z /z/ |
| ẓ /zˤ/ | å /ʌ/ | æ /ɛ/ | ó /o/ |
| ğ /ɣ/ | ŕ /r/ | ṛ́ /rˤ/ | ŭ /ɰ/ |
| ơ /ɤ/ | ư /ɯ/ | ɕ /ɕ/ | ɭ /ɭ/ |
| ɹ /ɹ/ | ɹ̣ /ɹˤ/ | ɺ /ɺ/ | ɻ /ɻ/ |
| ʑ /ʑ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| ai /ai/ | an /ã/ | au /au/ |
| bb /ɓ/ | ch /t͡ʃ/ | dd /ɗ/ |
| dḍ /ɗˤ/ | dh /dʱ/ | dḥ /dʱˤ/ |
| en /ẽ/ | gh /ɡʱ/ | ghw /ɡʱʷ/ |
| gw /ɡʷ/ | għ /ʕ/ | hk /hk/ |
| hkw /hkʷ/ | hl /ɬ/ | ht /ht/ |
| hṭ /htˤ/ | hʈ /hʈ/ | in /ĩ/ |
| kh /kʰ/ | khw /xʷ/ | ll /ʎ/ |
| ph /pʰ/ | qu /kʷ/ | quh /kʰʷ/ |
| qw /qʷ/ | rd /ɖ/ | rdh /ɖʱ/ |
| rr /ɽ/ | rs /ʂ/ | rt /ʈ/ |
| rth /ʈʰ/ | rz /ʐ/ | sh /ʃ/ |
| th /tʰ/ | tḥ /tʰˤ/ | ty /t͡ɕ/ |
| un /ũ/ | zh /ʒ/ | ón /õ/ |
| ğw /ɣʷ/ | ħg /ɢ/ | ħgw /ɢʷ/ |
| ŭw /ɰʷ/ | ơn /ɤ̃/ | ưn /ɯ̃/ |
| ɔi /ɔi/ | ’ /ʔ/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Z does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Z has the following genders:
Gender cl.1 – for instance: buk ‘book’, ghordh ‘wife’, hkijeɭ ‘mortar’, hkwiṛåğw ‘smoke’, hʈuğw ‘daughter’, llungħưr ‘umbrella’, rdaiɺ ‘colour’, rzåğw ‘north’, ṛirråw ‘plain’, shuṭinkh ‘net’, sighoɹ ‘urine’, tagóht ‘box’, tḥubbihʈ ‘rope’, tubbóq ‘binoculars’, ṭandḍ ‘girl’, vơŕi’ ‘money’, wiħgiħgw ‘faeces’, zubb ‘south’, ɭuʑeŕ ‘farmer’, ɺưz ‘surface’.
Gender cl.2 – for instance: bbanfokh ‘student’, dḥưrrónb ‘forest’, dótyukhw ‘fog’, ḍekanẓ ‘seed’, fóf ‘boy’, ghwæɻ ‘son’, gwerrandd ‘feather’, hkwauṭ ‘table’, hkwógh ‘day’, hṭekhw ‘land’, quax ‘fire’, quhơs ‘moon’, rtunẓaɹ ‘slime’, rtơnz ‘human being’, ṣauty ‘star’, tưnṛ́ ‘rain’, ṭoɭ ‘night’, vakit ‘market’, ẓintḥairs ‘ice’, ğưğwæw ‘hunter’.
Gender cl.3 – for instance: ddest ‘tree’, ḍɔigħ ‘bone’, feẓidḍ ‘court’, ghars ‘tooth’, hinr̥ ‘water’, hʈeħgeŭ ‘liver’, kiɺad ‘breast’, rdhidḍanq ‘belly’, rdóthinghw ‘penis’, rruḍ ‘blood’, rsuhṭenl ‘neighbour’, r̥aqw ‘head’, r̥uhtikhw ‘fat’, r̥̣agħɔidh ‘wing’, r̥̣eħg ‘leg’, tḥichauzh ‘bosom’, ğol ‘hand’, ŕơs ‘face’, ɭib ‘ear’, ɹ̣óddiɺ ‘fingernail’.
Gender cl.4 – for instance: dhaudḍ ‘name’, dḥaghwaŕ ‘brick’, għall ‘meat’, għơv ‘dog’, hkơgwægw ‘mammal’, phóghưnj ‘root’, qåf ‘fight’, rrinxæṛ ‘bottle’, rthơṛ́aħg ‘salt’, rtưzåty ‘ash’, rzahkw ‘fish’, rzơddaud ‘embrace’, sekuḍ ‘school’, ṭebærr ‘apple’, xuğiqw ‘medicine’, ɕaqauɹ ‘wheat’, ɹ̣inkhw ‘house’, ɺors ‘sound’, ɻuqw ‘animal’, ʑeŕ ‘cat’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Z can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<subs>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="plur"> + <np role="subj" number="plur" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="plur" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="ʐ e ˈ b">ʐeˈb</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="ɹˤ ɯ ˈ ɹˤ">ɹˤɯˈɹˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ɯ ɺ a# ˈ ɻ">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="o ˈ ɡʷ">oˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ɤ ˈ ʂ">tɤˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɔi ˈ">ɔiˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="ʐ e ˈ b">ʐeˈb</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="ɹˤ ɯ ˈ ɹˤ">ɹˤɯˈɹˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ɯ ɺ a# ˈ ɻ">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="o ˈ ɡʷ">oˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="t ɤ ˈ ʂ">tɤˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="ɔi ˈ">ɔiˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">ʐeˈb</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">ɹˤɯˈɹˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">oˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">tɤˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" gender="cl.4" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number">ɔiˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʐeb</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɹˤɯɹˤ</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡɯˈɺãɻ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈoɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtɤʂ</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɔi</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʐebar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈɹˤɯɹˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ɡɯˈɺãɻ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈʎoɡʷuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈtɤʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷɔir̥ˤ</p> + <p>rzebaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ɹ̣ưɹ̣aŕ ɭinr̥̣ gưɺanɻ feghupaṣuɹ feghullógwuɹ ʑunṛars tơrs ğwanlógwaŕ quɔir̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʐeb</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɹˤɯɹˤ</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡɯˈɺãɻ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈasˤ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈoɡʷ</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtɤʂ</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɔi</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Rzebaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ɹ̣ưɹ̣aŕ ɭinr̥̣ gưɺanɻ feghupaṣuɹ feghullógwuɹ ʑunṛars tơrs ğwanlógwaŕ quɔir̥̣. [ˈʐebar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈɹˤɯɹˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ɡɯˈɺãɻ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈʎoɡʷuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈtɤʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷɔir̥ˤ] ˈʐeb woman -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈɹˤɯɹˤ knife -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ɡɯˈɺãɻ COMIT f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈasˤ catch -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈoɡʷ blind -uɹ active ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ˈtɤʂ three ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈɔi yon -r̥ˤ NOM “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Z consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -aŕ /-ar/ ‘NOM’, -ưgw /-ɯɡʷ/ ‘GEN’, -ish /-iʃ/ ‘DAT’, -eğ /-eɣ/ ‘INS’, -iṛ́ /-irˤ/ ‘VOC’, -anʑ /-a#ʑ/ ‘ALL’, -ưŕ /-ɯr/ ‘LOC’, -uŕ /-ur/ ‘ABL’ and -az /-az/ ‘PART’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 11 prefixes, namely ddin- /ɗi#-/ ‘little’, ’u- /ʔu-/ ‘big’, ta- /ta-/ ‘old’, hṭu- /htˤu-/ ‘new’, rthó- /ʈʰo-/ ‘good’, khwa- /xʷa-/ ‘bad’, óẓó- /ozˤo-/ ‘have’, ehʈư- /ehʈɯ-/ ‘use’, óvơ- /ovɤ-/ ‘see’, unfưn- /u#fɯ#-/ ‘make’ and ơddư- /ɤɗɯ-/ ‘break’
The Adjective
In Z, the adjective has the following structure: an obligatory prefix expressing case, comprising gh- /gʱ-/ ‘NOM’, rr- /ɽ-/ ‘GEN’, k- /k-/ ‘DAT’, p- /p-/ ‘INS’, ɺ- /ɺ-/ ‘VOC’, dḥ- /dʱˤ-/ ‘ALL’, quh- /kʰʷ-/ ‘LOC’, r̥- /r̥-/ ‘ABL’ and ṣ- /sˤ-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.
Numerals
The numeral in Z stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
In Z, the determiner has the following structure: first, an obligatory prefix expressing gender, comprising ɭ- /ɭ-/ ‘cl.1’, ẓ- /zˤ-/ ‘cl.2’, rt- /ʈ-/ ‘cl.3’ and qu- /kʷ-/ ‘cl.4’; second, the root; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -r̥̣ /-r̥ˤ/ ‘NOM’, -l /-l/ ‘GEN’, -qu /-kʷ/ ‘DAT’, -p /-p/ ‘INS’, -r̥ /-r̥/ ‘VOC’, -ṣ /-sˤ/ ‘ALL’, -z /-z/ ‘LOC’, -ŕ /-r/ ‘ABL’ and -ɺ /-ɺ/ ‘PART’.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Z stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
In Z, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ ɛ ˈ t͡ɕ">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ ɛ ˈ t͡ɕ">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũɾ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1</span></span></p> + <p>fogʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</p> + <p>fóghullunruɹ ğwæty</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũɾ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</o> + <g>3.cl.1</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fóghullunruɹ ğwæty. [fogʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ] f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈũɾ love -uɹ active ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ 3.cl.1 “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ ɛ ˈ ɣ">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ ɛ ˈ t͡ɕ">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="tʰˤ ɛ ˈ ɣ">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ɣʷ ɛ ˈ t͡ɕ">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number">ɣʷɛˈt͡ɕ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtʰˤɛɣ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũɾ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1</span></span></p> + <p>ˈtʰˤɛɣ fogʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</p> + <p>tḥæğ fóghullunruɹ ğwæty</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈtʰˤɛɣ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũɾ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ</o> + <g>3.cl.1</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Tḥæğ fóghullunruɹ ğwæty. [ˈtʰˤɛɣ fogʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ] ˈtʰˤɛɣ 3.cl.2 f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈũɾ love -uɹ active ˈɣʷɛt͡ɕ 3.cl.1 “He loves her.” | (3) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Tutud hates Des."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tutud" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="ʈʰ u t ɯ ˈ dˤ">ʈʰutɯˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="o q o ˈ t͡ɕ">oqoˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Des" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes" ph="d e ɹ ɤ# ˈ sˤ">deɹɤ#ˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Tutud hates Des."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Tutud" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="ʈʰ u t ɯ ˈ dˤ">ʈʰutɯˈdˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1" ph="o q o ˈ t͡ɕ">oqoˈt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Des" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes" ph="d e ɹ ɤ# ˈ sˤ">deɹɤ#ˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Tutud" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes">ʈʰutɯˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.1">oqoˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Des" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes">deɹɤ#ˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈʰuˈtɯdˤ</span><br><span class="gls">Tutud</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈoqot͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">deˈɹɤ̃sˤ</span><br><span class="gls">Des</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʈʰuˈtɯdˤar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuʎoˈqot͡ɕuɹ deˈɹɤ̃sˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>Rthutưḍaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghullóqótyuɹ Deɹơnṣaŕ ɭinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʈʰuˈtɯdˤ</o> + <g>Tutud</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈoqot͡ɕ</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>deˈɹɤ̃sˤ</o> + <g>Des</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Rthutưḍaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghullóqótyuɹ Deɹơnṣaŕ ɭinr̥̣. [ʈʰuˈtɯdˤar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuʎoˈqot͡ɕuɹ deˈɹɤ̃sˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ] ʈʰuˈtɯdˤ Tutud -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈoqot͡ɕ hate -uɹ active deˈɹɤ̃sˤ Des -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “Tutud hates Des.” | (4) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfof</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeˈbɛɽ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈfofɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fófưgw ẓinl ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈfof</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤeˈbɛɽ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
fófưgw ẓinl ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣ [ˈfofɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ˈfof boy -ɯɡʷ GEN zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -l GEN tˤeˈbɛɽ apple -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “the boy’s apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> - <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ ɛ ˈ ɣ">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="tʰˤ ɛ ˈ ɣ">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">tʰˤɛˈɣ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtʰˤɛɣ</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeˈbɛɽ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈtʰˤɛɣ tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>tḥæğ ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈtʰˤɛɣ</o> + <g>3.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤeˈbɛɽ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
tḥæğ ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣ [ˈtʰˤɛɣ tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ˈtʰˤɛɣ 3.cl.2 tˤeˈbɛɽ apple -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “his (the boy’s) apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeˈbɛɽ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈbit͡ɕ tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>bity ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈbit͡ɕ</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤeˈbɛɽ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
bity ṭebærraŕ quinr̥̣ [ˈbit͡ɕ tˤeˈbɛɽar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ˈbit͡ɕ 1excl tˤeˈbɛɽ apple -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “my apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="subj" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3"> + <np role="obj" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np role="obj"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" gender="cl.1"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="subj"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" role="subj"> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.3"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="hʈ u ˈ ɣʷ">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3" ph="a# ʑ u ˈ ʈʰ">a#ʑuˈʈʰ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3" ph="ʂ u htˤ e# ˈ l">ʂuhtˤe#ˈl</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ">ʈ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="gʱʷ ɛ ˈ ɻ">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="hʈ u ˈ ɣʷ">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3" ph="a# ʑ u ˈ ʈʰ">a#ʑuˈʈʰ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3" ph="ʂ u htˤ e# ˈ l">ʂuhtˤe#ˈl</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3" attach="prefix" ph="ʈ">ʈ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="gʱʷ ɛ ˈ ɻ">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.3">a#ʑuˈʈʰ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">ʂuhtˤe#ˈl</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.3">ʈ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.3">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhʈuɣʷ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈãʑuʈʰ</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈʰoj</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂuˈhtˤẽl</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈgʱʷɛɻ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɣɯˈɣʷɛwɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈhʈuɣʷar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ fegʱupãˈʑuʈʰuɹ ˈʈʰoj ʂuˈhtˤẽlɯɡʷ ˈʈĩl ˈgʱʷɛɻar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>ğưğwæwưgw ẓinl hʈuğwaŕ ɭinr̥̣ feghupanʑurthuɹ rthój rsuhṭenlưgw rtinl ghwæɻaŕ ẓinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhʈuɣʷ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈãʑuʈʰ</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʈʰoj</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂuˈhtˤẽl</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈ-</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈgʱʷɛɻ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ğưğwæwưgw ẓinl hʈuğwaŕ ɭinr̥̣ feghupanʑurthuɹ rthój rsuhṭenlưgw rtinl ghwæɻaŕ ẓinr̥̣. [ɣɯˈɣʷɛwɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈhʈuɣʷar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ fegʱupãˈʑuʈʰuɹ ˈʈʰoj ʂuˈhtˤẽlɯɡʷ ˈʈĩl ˈgʱʷɛɻar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ] ɣɯˈɣʷɛw hunter -ɯɡʷ GEN zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -l GEN ˈhʈuɣʷ daughter -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈãʑuʈʰ kiss -uɹ active ˈʈʰoj 2 ʂuˈhtˤẽl neighbour -ɯɡʷ GEN ʈ- cl.3 ˈĩ the -l GEN ˈgʱʷɛɻ son -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (8) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɯˈrĩj</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>jɯˈrĩjar</p> + <p>jưŕinjaŕ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>jɯˈrĩj</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
jưŕinjaŕ [jɯˈrĩjar] jɯˈrĩj lamb -ar NOM “a lamb” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="ɗ i#">ɗi#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="ɗ i#">ɗi#</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">ɗi#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗĩ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɯˈrĩj</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɗĩjɯˈrĩjar</p> + <p>ddinjưŕinjaŕ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗĩ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɯˈrĩj</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ddinjưŕinjaŕ [ɗĩjɯˈrĩjar] ɗĩ- little jɯˈrĩj lamb -ar NOM “a little lamb” | (10) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="o zˤ o">ozˤo</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="ɗ i#">ɗi#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph="o zˤ o">ozˤo</thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="ɗ i#">ɗi#</thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb">ozˤo</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">ɗi#</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ozˤo-</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗĩ-</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɯˈrĩj</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>fegʱupozˤoɗĩjɯˈrĩjuɹ</p> + <p>feghupóẓóddinjưŕinjuɹ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ozˤo-</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗĩ-</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɯˈrĩj</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Feghupóẓóddinjưŕinjuɹ. [fegʱupozˤoɗĩjɯˈrĩjuɹ] f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ozˤo- have ɗĩ- little jɯˈrĩj lamb -uɹ active “She had a little lamb.” | (11) |
This doesn’t affect all adjectives and verbs. Compare, for instance the previous example with this one, where black and love do not undergo affixation:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>black</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>black</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="black"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing">
+ </subs>
+ <np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<np role="subj" number="sing">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for question/defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for black/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="i ˈ z">iˈz</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb2b" translation="She loved a black lamb."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="i ˈ z">iˈz</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number" ph="j ɯ r i# ˈ j">jɯri#ˈj</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="black" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">iˈz</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" role="obj" gender="cl.4" tr="rheme" locus="number">jɯri#ˈj</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũɾ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈiz</span><br><span class="gls">black</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jɯˈrĩj</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>fegʱuˈpũɾuɹ fegʱuˈʎizuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ jɯˈrĩjar</p> + <p>feghupunruɹ feghullizuɹ ʑunṛars jưŕinjaŕ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũɾ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈiz</o> + <g>black</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jɯˈrĩj</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Feghupunruɹ feghullizuɹ ʑunṛars jưŕinjaŕ. [fegʱuˈpũɾuɹ fegʱuˈʎizuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ jɯˈrĩjar] f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈũɾ love -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈiz black -uɹ active ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP jɯˈrĩj lamb -ar NOM “She loved a black lamb.” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an obligatory prefix expressing question, comprising ğ- /ɣ-/ ‘Q’ and f- /f-/ ‘not.Q’; second, an obligatory prefix expressing subj, comprising i- /i-/ ‘1incl’, u- /u-/ ‘1excl’, ư- /ɯ-/ ‘2’, e- /e-/ ‘3.cl.1’, ó- /o-/ ‘3.cl.2’, ơ- /ɤ-/ ‘3.cl.3’ and a- /a-/ ‘3.cl.4’; third, an obligatory prefix expressing negation, comprising ch- /t͡ʃ-/ ‘NEG’ and gh- /gʱ-/ ‘POS’; fourth, an obligatory prefix expressing mode, comprising u- /u-/ ‘indicative’, ơ- /ɤ-/ ‘imperative’, un- /u#-/ ‘conditional’ and e- /e-/ ‘optative’; fifth, an obligatory prefix expressing ta, comprising ll- /ʎ-/ ‘PRES’ and p- /p-/ ‘PAST’; sixth, the root; and finally, seventh, an obligatory suffix expressing voice, comprising -uɹ /-uɹ/ ‘active’ and -uŕ /-ur/ ‘passive’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: five prefixes, namely iṣ- /isˤ-/ ‘begin’, unr- /u#ɾ-/ ‘stop’, af- /af-/ ‘continue’, ưnħg- /ɯ#ɢ-/ ‘try’ and ós- /os-/ ‘start’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">ʈʰoˈj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũɾ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈʰoj</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span></p> + <p>fugʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈʈʰoj</p> + <p>fughullunruɹ rthój</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũɾ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʈʰoj</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fughullunruɹ rthój. [fugʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈʈʰoj] f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈũɾ love -uɹ active ˈʈʰoj 2 “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="hkʷ au ˈ tˤ">hkʷauˈtˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1" ph="ɺ ɯ ˈ z">ɺɯˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="q ʌ ˈ ʎ">qʌˈʎ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="hkʷ au ˈ tˤ">hkʷauˈtˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1" ph="ɺ ɯ ˈ z">ɺɯˈz</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="q ʌ ˈ ʎ">qʌˈʎ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">hkʷauˈtˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.1">ɺɯˈz</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">qʌˈʎ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhkʷautˤ</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɺɯz</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈqʌʎ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ˈhkʷautˤar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ ˈɺɯzar ˈqʌʎ</p> + <p>hkwauṭaŕ ẓinr̥̣ ɺưzaŕ qåll</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈhkʷautˤ</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɺɯz</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈqʌʎ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
hkwauṭaŕ ẓinr̥̣ ɺưzaŕ qåll [ˈhkʷautˤar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ ˈɺɯzar ˈqʌʎ] ˈhkʷautˤ table -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈɺɯz surface -ar NOM ˈqʌʎ in “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np def="def" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="t a ɡ o ˈ ht">taɡoˈht</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3" ph="ɺ ɤ# ˈ ɾ">ɺɤ#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɡ u ˈ xʷ">ɡuˈxʷ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="t a ɡ o ˈ ht">taɡoˈht</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3" ph="ɺ ɤ# ˈ ɾ">ɺɤ#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="ɡ u ˈ xʷ">ɡuˈxʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">taɡoˈht</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" gender="cl.3">ɺɤ#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">ɡuˈxʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taˈɡoht</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɺɤ̃ɾ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡuxʷ</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span></p> + <p>taˈɡohtar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈɺɤ̃ɾar ˈɡuxʷ</p> + <p>tagóhtaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ɺơnraŕ gukhw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>taˈɡoht</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɺɤ̃ɾ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡuxʷ</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
tagóhtaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ɺơnraŕ gukhw [taˈɡohtar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈɺɤ̃ɾar ˈɡuxʷ] taˈɡoht box -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈɺɤ̃ɾ inside -ar NOM ˈɡuxʷ to “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> </pp> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
</pp>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ɯ ɺ a# ˈ ɻ">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="ɡ ɯ ɺ a# ˈ ɻ">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɡɯɺa#ˈɻ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡɯˈɺãɻ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈbit͡ɕ ɡɯˈɺãɻ</p> + <p>bity gưɺanɻ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈbit͡ɕ</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡɯˈɺãɻ</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
bity gưɺanɻ [ˈbit͡ɕ ɡɯˈɺãɻ] ˈbit͡ɕ 1excl ɡɯˈɺãɻ COMIT “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Z employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Z.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʕ i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ ɓ">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2" ph="i# ˈ xʷ">i#ˈxʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʕ i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ ɓ">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2" ph="i# ˈ xʷ">i#ˈxʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.2">i#ˈxʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩxʷ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpĩxʷuɹ ɣɯˈɣʷɛwar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>għichobbaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupinkhwuɹ ğưğwæwaŕ ẓinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩxʷ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Għichobbaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupinkhwuɹ ğưğwæwaŕ ẓinr̥̣. [ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpĩxʷuɹ ɣɯˈɣʷɛwar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ] ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ jaguar -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩxʷ kill -uɹ active ɣɯˈɣʷɛw hunter -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.4" role="obj">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɗ a ɗˤ i ˈ v">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="hʈ u ˈ ɣʷ">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="ʕ ɤ ˈ v">ʕɤˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɗ a ɗˤ i ˈ v">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="hʈ u ˈ ɣʷ">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="ʕ ɤ ˈ v">ʕɤˈv</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.1">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">hʈuˈɣʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">ʕɤˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗaˈɗˤiv</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɤhk</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhʈuɣʷ</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʕɤv</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɗaˈɗˤivar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpɤhkuɹ ɣɯˈɣʷɛwɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈhʈuɣʷɯɡʷ ˈɭĩl ˈʕɤvar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>ddadḍivaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupơhkuɹ ğưğwæwưgw ẓinl hʈuğwưgw ɭinl għơvaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɗaˈɗˤiv</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɤhk</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhʈuɣʷ</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʕɤv</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ddadḍivaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupơhkuɹ ğưğwæwưgw ẓinl hʈuğwưgw ɭinl għơvaŕ quinr̥̣. [ɗaˈɗˤivar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpɤhkuɹ ɣɯˈɣʷɛwɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈhʈuɣʷɯɡʷ ˈɭĩl ˈʕɤvar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ɗaˈɗˤiv lion -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈɤhk eat -uɹ active ɣɯˈɣʷɛw hunter -ɯɡʷ GEN zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -l GEN ˈhʈuɣʷ daughter -ɯɡʷ GEN ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -l GEN ˈʕɤv dog -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Z reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Z expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> </np> </example>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatoryGot GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
</np>
<np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="gʱʷ ɛ ˈ ɻ">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ ɔi ˈ t͡ɕ">tˤɔiˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="b u k">buk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="gʱʷ ɛ ˈ ɻ">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ ɔi ˈ t͡ɕ">tˤɔiˈt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="ɯ ɡʷ">ɯɡʷ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="l">l</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="b u k">buk</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">gʱʷɛˈɻ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">tˤɔiˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">ɯɡʷ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">l</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">buk</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈʰoj</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈgʱʷɛɻ</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtˤɔit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɯɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-l</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">buk</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʈʰoj ˈgʱʷɛɻɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈtˤɔit͡ɕɯɡʷ ˈɭĩl bukar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>rthój ghwæɻưgw ẓinl ṭɔityưgw ɭinl bukaŕ ɭinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʈʰoj</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈgʱʷɛɻ</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtˤɔit͡ɕ</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɯɡʷ</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-l</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>buk</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rthój ghwæɻưgw ẓinl ṭɔityưgw ɭinl bukaŕ ɭinr̥̣ [ˈʈʰoj ˈgʱʷɛɻɯɡʷ ˈzˤĩl ˈtˤɔit͡ɕɯɡʷ ˈɭĩl bukar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ] ˈʈʰoj 2 ˈgʱʷɛɻ son -ɯɡʷ GEN zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -l GEN ˈtˤɔit͡ɕ friend -ɯɡʷ GEN ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -l GEN buk book -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Case Marking
Z does not use case marking to distinguish the core participants of the clause. There is therefore no regular nominative, accusative, ergative, active or stative marking on subjects and objects. Instead, the roles of the participants are identified by other means, cf. the examples below.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="u ˈ ɣ">uˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="u ˈ ɣ">uˈɣ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">uˈɣ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuɣ</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈʎuɣuɹ</p> + <p>ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghulluğuɹ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuɣ</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghulluğuɹ. [ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈʎuɣuɹ] ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈuɣ sleep -uɹ active “The cat is sleeping.” | (20) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="ʌ ˈ b">ʌˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" ph="ʌ ˈ b">ʌˈb</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4">ʌˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʌb</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈʎʌbuɹ</p> + <p>ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghullåbuɹ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʌb</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghullåbuɹ. [ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈʎʌbuɹ] ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈʌb run -uɹ active “The cat is running.” | (21) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for mode/
defaultval: verb, mode
returning indicative
calling defaultval for voice/
defaultval: verb, voice
returning active
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="o# ɽ e ˈ ɭ">o#ɽeˈɭ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="o# ɽ e ˈ ɭ">o#ɽeˈɭ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">o#ɽeˈɭ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈõɽeɭ</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuʎõˈɽeɭuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghullónrreɭuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈõɽeɭ</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghullónrreɭuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣. [ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuʎõˈɽeɭuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈõɽeɭ chase -uɹ active ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (22) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" obj="3.cl.4">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpasˤuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupaṣuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈasˤ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣ faghupaṣuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣. [ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ fagʱuˈpasˤuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈasˤ catch -uɹ active ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The cat caught the mouse.” | (23) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ˈ xʷ">i#ˈxʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ʕ i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ ɓ">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t a ˈ l">taˈl</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ o v ɯ ˈ qʷ">ʂovɯˈqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t a ˈ l">taˈl</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ɗ a ɗˤ i ˈ v">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="ɣ ɯ ɣʷ ɛ ˈ w">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ˈ xʷ">i#ˈxʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ʕ i t͡ʃ ɔ ˈ ɓ">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t a ˈ l">taˈl</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ʂ o v ɯ ˈ qʷ">ʂovɯˈqʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t a ˈ l">taˈl</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="ɗ a ɗˤ i ˈ v">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">ɣɯɣʷɛˈw</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" obj="3.cl.4">i#ˈxʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">ʕit͡ʃɔˈɓ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">taˈl</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">ʂovɯˈqʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">taˈl</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">ɗaɗˤiˈv</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩxʷ</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂoˈvɯqʷ</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtal</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɗaˈɗˤiv</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ɣɯˈɣʷɛwar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpĩxʷuɹ ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ˈtal ʂoˈvɯqʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ˈtal ɗaˈɗˤivar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>ğưğwæwaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupinkhwuɹ għichobbaŕ quinr̥̣ tal rsóvưqwaŕ quinr̥̣ tal ddadḍivaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ɣɯˈɣʷɛw</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩxʷ</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂoˈvɯqʷ</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtal</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɗaˈɗˤiv</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ğưğwæwaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupinkhwuɹ għichobbaŕ quinr̥̣ tal rsóvưqwaŕ quinr̥̣ tal ddadḍivaŕ quinr̥̣. [ɣɯˈɣʷɛwar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpĩxʷuɹ ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ˈtal ʂoˈvɯqʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ˈtal ɗaˈɗˤivar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] ɣɯˈɣʷɛw hunter -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩxʷ kill -uɹ active ʕiˈt͡ʃɔɓ jaguar -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈtal and ʂoˈvɯqʷ tiger -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈtal and ɗaˈɗˤiv lion -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (24) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Z provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Z forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩɭuhtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fughupinɭuhṭuɹ ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩɭuhtˤ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fughupinɭuhṭuɹ ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣. [fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩɭuhtˤ pat -uɹ active ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “I patted the cat.” | (25) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩɭuhtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩɭuhtˤ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈasˤ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣. [fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩɭuhtˤ pat -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈasˤ catch -uɹ active ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (26) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="x o ɹ ɯ ˈ ʔ">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="x o ɹ ɯ ˈ ʔ">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩɭuhtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɤhk</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xoˈɹɯʔ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈpɤhkuɹ xoˈɹɯʔar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ feghupơhkuɹ xóɹư’aŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩɭuhtˤ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈasˤ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɤhk</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xoˈɹɯʔ</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ feghupơhkuɹ xóɹư’aŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣. [fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈpɤhkuɹ xoˈɹɯʔar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩɭuhtˤ pat -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈasˤ catch -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈɤhk eat -uɹ active xoˈɹɯʔ cheese -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (27) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
+ </subs>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"> <subs> <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
- <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for subj/defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/obligatoryGot not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
<np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - </subs> - <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="o ˈ sˤ">oˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="x o ɹ ɯ ˈ ʔ">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i# ɭ u ˈ htˤ">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4" ph="a ˈ sˤ">aˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl" ph="ɤ ˈ hk">ɤˈhk</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="o ˈ sˤ">oˈsˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="x o ɹ ɯ ˈ ʔ">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ɣʷ a# l o ˈ ɡʷ">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ e ˈ r">ʑeˈr</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="kʷ">kʷ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3.cl.4">i#ɭuˈhtˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.cl.4">aˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.1.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="1excl">ɤˈhk</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">oˈsˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">xoɹɯˈʔ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ɣʷa#loˈɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">ʑeˈr</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">kʷ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩɭuhtˤ</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈasˤ</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">e-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.1.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɤhk</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈosˤ</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xoˈɹɯʔ</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʑer</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kʷ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈpɤhkuɹ ˈbit͡ɕ fugʱuˈposˤuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ xoˈɹɯʔar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ feghupơhkuɹ bity fughupóṣuɹ ʑunṛars xóɹư’aŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩɭuhtˤ</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈasˤ</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>e-</o> + <g>3.cl.1.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɤhk</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbit͡ɕ</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈosˤ</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xoˈɹɯʔ</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷãˈloɡʷ</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʑer</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kʷ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fughupinɭuhṭuɹ feghupaṣuɹ feghupơhkuɹ bity fughupóṣuɹ ʑunṛars xóɹư’aŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ğwanlógwaŕ quinr̥̣ ʑunṛars ʑeŕaŕ quinr̥̣. [fugʱupĩˈɭuhtˤuɹ fegʱuˈpasˤuɹ fegʱuˈpɤhkuɹ ˈbit͡ɕ fugʱuˈposˤuɹ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ xoˈɹɯʔar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ɣʷãˈloɡʷar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ ʑũˈɾˤaʂ ˈʑerar ˈkʷĩr̥ˤ] f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈĩɭuhtˤ pat -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈasˤ catch -uɹ active f- not.Q e- 3.cl.1.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈɤhk eat -uɹ active ˈbit͡ɕ 1excl f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈosˤ buy -uɹ active ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP xoˈɹɯʔ cheese -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ɣʷãˈloɡʷ mouse -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP ˈʑer cat -ar NOM kʷ- cl.4 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (28) |
Complementation Strategies
Z introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4"/>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np role="subj" gender="cl.4"> - <subs> - <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4"/> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i ˈ b">iˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ a# ˈ ɗˤ">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2" ph="i hkʷ i# ˈ hkʷ">ihkʷi#ˈhkʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="dˤ i t͡ʃ e l">dˤit͡ʃel</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4" ph="i ˈ b">iˈb</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ a# ˈ ɗˤ">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" ph="tˤ e b ɛ ˈ ɽ">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2" ph="i hkʷ i# ˈ hkʷ">ihkʷi#ˈhkʷ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="dˤ i t͡ʃ e l">dˤit͡ʃel</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="3.cl.4">iˈb</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" gender="cl.4">tˤebɛˈɽ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" gender="cl.4">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.4.SUBJ">a</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.4" indobj="3.cl.2">ihkʷi#ˈhkʷ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">dˤit͡ʃel</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfof</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈib</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtˤãɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeˈbɛɽ</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">a-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈihkʷĩhkʷ</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤit͡ʃel</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈfofar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpibuɹ ˈtˤãɗˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ tˤeˈbɛɽar ʑũˈɾˤaʂ fagʱupiˈhkʷĩhkʷuɹ dˤit͡ʃelar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ</p> + <p>fófaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupibuɹ ṭandḍaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ṭebærraŕ ʑunṛars faghupihkwinhkwuɹ ḍichelaŕ ẓinr̥̣</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈfof</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈib</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtˤãɗˤ</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤeˈbɛɽ</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>a-</o> + <g>3.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈihkʷĩhkʷ</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤit͡ʃel</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fófaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupibuɹ ṭandḍaŕ ɭinr̥̣ ṭebærraŕ ʑunṛars faghupihkwinhkwuɹ ḍichelaŕ ẓinr̥̣. [ˈfofar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpibuɹ ˈtˤãɗˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ tˤeˈbɛɽar ʑũˈɾˤaʂ fagʱupiˈhkʷĩhkʷuɹ dˤit͡ʃelar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ] ˈfof boy -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈib give -uɹ active ˈtˤãɗˤ girl -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM tˤeˈbɛɽ apple -ar NOM ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP f- not.Q a- 3.cl.4.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈihkʷĩhkʷ surprise -uɹ active dˤit͡ʃel teacher -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (29) |
Quotes
Z expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
No change.
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module RelN:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" posp="pron"/> </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<subs>
- <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
- <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
No change.
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
- <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
- <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
calling defaultval for case/defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatoryGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/obligatory
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/obligatory
Got active
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+ <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/>
+ <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+ <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/>
</vp>
<np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2">
<word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - </vp> - <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" person="2"> <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active"/> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl" ph="u ˈ w">uˈw</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ a# ˈ ɗˤ">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="f o ˈ f">foˈf</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2" attach="prefix" ph="zˤ">zˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="o">o</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="p">p</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl" ph="u ˈ w">uˈw</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="tˤ a# ˈ ɗˤ">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a r">ar</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="ɭ">ɭ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1" ph="i# ˈ">i#ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="r̥ˤ">r̥ˤ</thingy> - <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" ph="b i ˈ t͡ɕ">biˈt͡ɕ</word> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph="f">f</thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="gʱ">gʱ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph="u">u</thingy> - <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph="ʎ">ʎ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="u# ˈ ɾ">u#ˈɾ</word> - <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active" attach="suffix" ph="u ɹ">uɹ</thingy> - <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" ph="ʈʰ o ˈ j">ʈʰoˈj</word> - <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl" ph="ʑ u# ɾˤ a ˈ ʂ">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">foˈf</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.2">zˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">o</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">p</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.cl.2" indobj="3.cl.1" obj="1excl">uˈw</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">tˤa#ˈɗˤ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ar</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">ɭ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">i#ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">r̥ˤ</thingy> + <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">biˈt͡ɕ</word> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q">f</thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.SUBJ">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">gʱ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative">u</thingy> + <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES">ʎ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">u#ˈɾ</word> + <thingy type="verbvoice" function="suffix" gloss="active">uɹ</thingy> + <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">ʈʰoˈj</word> + <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" gender="cl.4" person="1excl">ʑu#ɾˤaˈʂ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfof</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">zˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">o-</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">p-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈuw</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtˤãɗˤ</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ar</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɭ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈĩ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-r̥ˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbit͡ɕ</span><br><span class="gls">1excl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">f-</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">gʱ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u-</span><br><span class="gls">indicative</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʎ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈũɾ</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uɹ</span><br><span class="gls">active</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʈʰoj</span><br><span class="gls">2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span></p> + <p>ˈfofar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpuwuɹ ˈtˤãɗˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈbit͡ɕ fugʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈʈʰoj ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</p> + <p>fófaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupuwuɹ ṭandḍaŕ ɭinr̥̣ bity fughullunruɹ rthój ʑunṛars</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈfof</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>zˤ-</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>o-</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>p-</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈuw</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtˤãɗˤ</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ar</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɭ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈĩ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-r̥ˤ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbit͡ɕ</o> + <g>1excl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>f-</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>1excl.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>gʱ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u-</o> + <g>indicative</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʎ-</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈũɾ</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uɹ</o> + <g>active</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʈʰoj</o> + <g>2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʑũˈɾˤaʂ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fófaŕ ẓinr̥̣ fóghupuwuɹ ṭandḍaŕ ɭinr̥̣ bity fughullunruɹ rthój ʑunṛars. [ˈfofar ˈzˤĩr̥ˤ fogʱuˈpuwuɹ ˈtˤãɗˤar ˈɭĩr̥ˤ ˈbit͡ɕ fugʱuˈʎũɾuɹ ˈʈʰoj ʑũˈɾˤaʂ] ˈfof boy -ar NOM zˤ- cl.2 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM f- not.Q o- 3.cl.2.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative p- PAST ˈuw tell -uɹ active ˈtˤãɗˤ girl -ar NOM ɭ- cl.1 ˈĩ the -r̥ˤ NOM ˈbit͡ɕ 1excl f- not.Q u- 1excl.SUBJ gʱ- POS u- indicative ʎ- PRES ˈũɾ love -uɹ active ˈʈʰoj 2 ʑũˈɾˤaʂ COMP “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (30) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Z. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 8 August 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/1D0XB
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-1D0XB,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Z}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/1D0XB}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 8 August 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
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