A Grammar of Nunu
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Nunu language (the 12th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Nunu.
Typological Profile
It has not just singular and plural, but also dual,.Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Nunu has a moderately small consonant inventory, comprising 15 phonemes.
It has a complete absence of affricates, a strongly reduced sibilant system and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Nunu. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | lateral | palatal | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p | t | k | |||
| nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| fricative | f | s | x | h | ||
| approximant | w | l | j |
Vowels
Nunu has 3 vowel qualities. This constitutes a relatively small inventory, with contrasts limited to the vowel categories displayed in the chart. The phonological system relies primarily on these few qualities to encode vocalic distinctions.
It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a strikingly compressed height system with only two vowel heights and a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Nunu. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | u | |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Nunu has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.
Writing System
Introduction
Nunu is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.
The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| а /a/ | в /w/ | г /h/ | и /i/ |
| к /k/ | л /l/ | м /m/ | н /n/ |
| п /p/ | с /s/ | т /t/ | у /u/ |
| ф /f/ | х /x/ | ј /j/ | њ /ɲ/ |
| ӈ /ŋ/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| аа /aː/ | ии /iː/ | уу /uː/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Nunu distinguishes singular, dual and plural.
Gender
Nunu has the following genders:
Gender fem – for instance: гики ‘ice’, калу ‘sun’, лаанаа ‘salt’, мапи ‘fruit’, мипи ‘anus’, нањии ‘river’, пука ‘earth’, пуухии ‘foot’, сању ‘forest’, таалии ‘lake’, таапа ‘skin’, тата ‘mountain’, тииха ‘head’, туси ‘fog’, фаании ‘daughter’, фапа ‘cloud’, фусаа ‘stone’, ӈамии ‘meat’, ӈиихи ‘moon’, ӈиса ‘star’.
Gender masc – for instance: вањии ‘machine’, вииму ‘embrace’, гана ‘rope’, ламии ‘wing’, лики ‘house’, мифии ‘language’, пила ‘son’, пуса ‘dialect’, сииса ‘face’, тију ‘man’, фипа ‘bark’, фуӈаа ‘book’, хути ‘name’, јуми ‘tower’, јуӈу ‘horn’, њаајуу ‘fat’, њаха ‘net’, њују ‘idea’, ӈафаа ‘colour’, ӈиину ‘money’.
Gender neut – for instance: виилуу ‘teacher’, вифа ‘hand’, гиихии ‘lion’, лути ‘lamb’, луфа ‘root’, мува ‘guts’, наја ‘heart’, ниваа ‘south’, нила ‘people’, нуули ‘inside’, пина ‘human being’, сааӈии ‘fingernail’, фила ‘surface’, фупи ‘child’, хуӈи ‘liver’, јааса ‘mouth’, јуси ‘bone’, јуулу ‘belly’, њихаа ‘mammal’, ӈаати ‘dog’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Nunu can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+ <relp>
+ <vp tam="pres-state">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ </relp>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<relp>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
<np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
- <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np role="subj" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
- <subs>
- <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
- </vp>
- <np role="subj" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
+ <np role="owner">
+ <subs>
+ <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ </vp>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np role="owned" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np role="owned" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np role="owned" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np role="owned" number="plur">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np role="owned" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> + <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="plur" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut">
+ <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
- <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.fem
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for blind/verb/subj/obligatory
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
Got 3.sing.masc
addaffixes:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|k|a|ɲ|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|n|uː|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">|x|aː|l|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">-|i|t|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|f|a|</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|ŋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|m|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">|s|iː|n|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|a|ɲ|u|
#-> kaɲu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |n|uː|
#-> nuː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|aː|l|u|
#-> xaːlu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|n|
#-> fan
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|i|t|a|
#-> -ita
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|
#-> fa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ŋ|a|
#-> ŋa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|u|t|a|
#-> muta
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|s|aː|
#-> -saː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|iː|n|
#-> siːn
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |k|a|ɲ|u| |n|uː| |k|i| |x|aː|l|u| |f|a|n||i|t|a| |s|a| |f|a| |ŋ|a| |ɲ|i||m|u|t|a||s|aː| |s|iː|n||uː|h|iː|
#-> ki kaɲu nuː ki xaːlu fanita sa fa ŋa ɲimutasaː siːnuːhiː
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">|k|a|ɲ|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|n|uː|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" gender="masc">|x|aː|l|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">-|i|t|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|f|a|</word>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|ŋ|a|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="owned" number="plur" gender="neut" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">|m|u|t|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy>
<word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="blind" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">|s|iː|n|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaɲu</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuː</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xaːlu</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fan</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fa</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋa</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muta</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-saː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siːn</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki kaɲu nuː ki xaːlu fanita sa fa ŋa ɲimutasaː siːnuːhiː</p>
+ <p>ки кању Нуу ки хаалу фанита са фа ӈа њимутасаа сиинуугии</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>woman</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>knife</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>catch</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>yon</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>three</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>mouse</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>blind</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki kaɲu nuː ki xaːlu fanita sa fa ŋa ɲimutasaː siːnuːhiː#-> ki kaɲu nuː ki xaːlu fanita sa fa ŋa ɲimutasaː siːnuːhiː
Ки кању Нуу ки хаалу фанита са фа ӈа њимутасаа сиинуугии. [ki kaɲu nuː ki xaːlu fanita sa fa ŋa ɲimutasaː siːnuːhiː] ki the kaɲu woman nuː COMIT ki the xaːlu knife fan catch -ita 3.sing.fem.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS fa yon ŋa three ɲi- ACC muta mouse -saː plur siːn blind -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.The Noun
The noun in Nunu consists of first, an optional prefix expressing case, comprising њи- /ɲi-/ ‘ACC’, га- /ha-/ ‘GEN’, туу- /tuː-/ ‘DAT’, ху- /xu-/ ‘INS’, ли- /li-/ ‘VOC’, луу- /luː-/ ‘ALL’, ха- /xa-/ ‘LOC’, фу- /fu-/ ‘ABL’ and ту- /tu-/ ‘PART’; second, the root; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing number, comprising -пи /-pi/ ‘dual’ and -саа /-saː/ ‘plur’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ха /-xa/ ‘little’ and -нии /-niː/ ‘big’
The Adjective
In Nunu, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -аа /-aː/ ‘masc’, -уу /-uː/ ‘fem’ and -а /-a/ ‘neut’.
Numerals
The numeral in Nunu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Nunu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Nunu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
initial XML:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="dual"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>be</verb>
<adj>happy</adj>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj">
<pron person="1incl" number="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="dual"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>be</verb> - <adj>happy</adj> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="happy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module articles:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
+ <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <s connector="because"> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="dual" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.dual" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> </s> <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for happy/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1incl.plur
addaffixes:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.">
<s connector="because">
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.plur"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<word gloss="because" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1incl.plur"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> - <s connector="because"> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.plur"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1incl.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.plur"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="because" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1incl.plur"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|f|u|x|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">-|iː|x|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|x|i|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|s|iː|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|n|u|h|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">-|uː|h|aː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |f|u|x|#-> fux
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|iː|x|u|
#-> -iːxu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|i|j|a|
#-> xija
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|iː|
#-> siː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |n|u|h|
#-> nuh
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|aː|
#-> -uːhaː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|u|x||iː|x|u| |k|i| |ɲ|i||x|i|j|a| |s|iː| |n|u|h||uː|h|aː| |s|a|
#-> fuxiːxu ki ɲixija siː nuhuːhaː sa
removetags:
<example id="inclexcl" translation="Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.plur" obj="3.sing.neut">|f|u|x|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.plur.SUBJ">-|iː|x|u|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|x|i|j|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> <word gloss="because" posp="conj">|s|iː|</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="happy" lexposp="adj" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1incl.plur">|n|u|h|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1incl.plur.SUBJ">-|uː|h|aː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fux</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːxu</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.plur.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xija</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siː</span><br><span class="gls">because</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuh</span><br><span class="gls">happy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhaː</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span></p> + <p>fuxiːxu ki ɲixija siː nuhuːhaː sa</p> + <p>фухииху ки њихија сии нугуугаа са</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>because</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>happy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1incl.plur.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### fuxiːxu ki ɲixija siː nuhuːhaː sa
#-> fuxiːxu ki ɲixija siː nuhuːhaː sa
Фухииху ки њихија сии нугуугаа са. [fuxiːxu ki ɲixija siː nuhuːhaː sa] fux kill -iːxu 1excl.plur.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC xija tiger siː because nuh happy -uːhaː 1incl.plur.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS “Because the two of us [not including the listener] killed the tiger, we [including the listener] are all now happy.” | (2) |
Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc
addaffixes:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|uː|t|#-> kuːt
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |j|aː|
#-> jaː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|uː|t||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |j|aː|
#-> kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuːt</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p> + <p>kuːtuːhiː sa jaː</p> + <p>куутуугии са јаа</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
#-> kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
Куутуугии са јаа. [kuːtuːhiː sa jaː] kuːt love -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS jaː 3.sing.fem “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (3) |
But here, the word corresponding to he is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc
addaffixes:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|l|uː|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|uː|#-> luː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|uː|t|
#-> kuːt
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |j|aː|
#-> jaː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|uː| |k|uː|t||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |j|aː|
#-> luː kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|l|uː|</word>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuːt</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p>
+ <p>luː kuːtuːhiː sa jaː</p>
+ <p>луу куутуугии са јаа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>love</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### luː kuːtuːhiː sa jaː#-> luː kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
Луу куутуугии са јаа. [luː kuːtuːhiː sa jaː] luː 3.sing.masc kuːt love -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS jaː 3.sing.fem “He loves her.” | (4) |
And here, it is the one translated as her that is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 3.sing.masc
addaffixes:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|uː|t|#-> kuːt
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |j|aː|
#-> jaː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|uː|t||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |j|aː|
#-> kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
removetags:
<example id="love2her" translation="He loves *her*."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|k|uː|t|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|j|aː|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuːt</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem</span></span></p> + <p>kuːtuːhiː sa jaː</p> + <p>куутуугии са јаа</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.fem</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
#-> kuːtuːhiː sa jaː
Куутуугии са јаа. [kuːtuːhiː sa jaː] kuːt love -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS jaː 3.sing.fem “He loves her.” | (5) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Puwi hates Sakhu."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Puwi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|p|u|w|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|w|aː|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Sakhu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|s|a|x|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|u|w|i|
#-> puwi
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |w|aː|t|
#-> waːt
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|x|u|
#-> saxu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |p|u|w|i| |w|aː|t||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||s|a|x|u|
#-> ki puwi waːtuːhiː sa ki ɲisaxu
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Puwi hates Sakhu.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Puwi" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|p|u|w|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">|w|aː|t|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="Sakhu" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|s|a|x|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">puwi</span><br><span class="gls">Puwi</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waːt</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saxu</span><br><span class="gls">Sakhu</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki puwi waːtuːhiː sa ki ɲisaxu</p>
+ <p>ки Пуви ваатуугии са ки њиСаху</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>Puwi</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>hate</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>Sakhu</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki puwi waːtuːhiː sa ki ɲisaxu#-> ki puwi waːtuːhiː sa ki ɲisaxu
Ки Пуви ваатуугии са ки њиСаху. [ki puwi waːtuːhiː sa ki ɲisaxu] ki the puwi Puwi waːt hate -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS ki the ɲi- ACC saxu Sakhu “Puwi hates Sakhu.” | (6) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|p|i|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i|n|u|
#-> pinu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|i|k|u|
#-> siku
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |h|a||p|i|n|u| |k|i| |s|i|k|u|
#-> ki hapinu ki siku
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|p|i|n|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pinu</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siku</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki hapinu ki siku</p>
+ <p>ки гапину ки сику</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki hapinu ki siku#-> ki hapinu ki siku
ки гапину ки сику [ki hapinu ki siku] ki the ha- GEN pinu boy ki the siku apple “the boy’s apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|l|uː|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|uː|#-> luː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|i|k|u|
#-> siku
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|uː| |k|i| |s|i|k|u|
#-> luː ki siku
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|l|uː|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siku</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>luː ki siku</p>
+ <p>луу ки сику</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### luː ki siku#-> luː ki siku
луу ки сику [luː ki siku] luː 3.sing.masc ki the siku apple “his (the boy’s) apple” | (8) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|l|iː|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|iː|#-> liː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|i|k|u|
#-> siku
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|iː| |k|i| |s|i|k|u|
#-> liː ki siku
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<flat>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|l|iː|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|s|i|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liː</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siku</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p>
+ <p>liː ki siku</p>
+ <p>лии ки сику</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### liː ki siku#-> liː ki siku
лии ки сику [liː ki siku] liː 1excl.sing ki the siku apple “my apple” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optionalGot GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.fem
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|f|aː|n|iː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|k|u|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">-|i|t|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|j|a|ŋ|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|p|i|l|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|j|u|
#-> faju
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|aː|n|iː|
#-> faːniː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|u|s|
#-> kus
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|i|t|a|
#-> -ita
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i|
#-> pi
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |j|a|ŋ|a|
#-> jaŋa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i|l|a|
#-> pila
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |h|a||f|a|j|u| |k|i| |f|aː|n|iː| |k|u|s||i|t|a| |s|a| |p|i| |k|i| |h|a||j|a|ŋ|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||p|i|l|a|
#-> ki hafaju ki faːniː kusita sa pi ki hajaŋa ki ɲipila
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">|f|aː|n|iː|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.neut">|k|u|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.fem.SUBJ">-|i|t|a|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|j|a|ŋ|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">|p|i|l|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faju</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faːniː</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kus</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.fem.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaŋa</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pila</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki hafaju ki faːniː kusita sa pi ki hajaŋa ki ɲipila</p>
+ <p>ки гафају ки фаании кусита са пи ки гајаӈа ки њипила</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>kiss</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.fem.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>neighbour</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki hafaju ki faːniː kusita sa pi ki hajaŋa ki ɲipila#-> ki hafaju ki faːniː kusita sa pi ki hajaŋa ki ɲipila
Ки гафају ки фаании кусита са пи ки гајаӈа ки њипила. [ki hafaju ki faːniː kusita sa pi ki hajaŋa ki ɲipila] ki the ha- GEN faju hunter ki the faːniː daughter kus kiss -ita 3.sing.fem.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS pi 2.sing ki the ha- GEN jaŋa neighbour ki the ɲi- ACC pila son “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (10) |
Derivation
Nunu has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|x|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|l|u|t|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|uː|#-> xuː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|u|t|i|
#-> luti
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|uː| |l|u|t|i|
#-> xuː luti
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|x|uː|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|l|u|t|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xuː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luti</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span></p>
+ <p>xuː luti</p>
+ <p>хуу лути</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### xuː luti#-> xuː luti
хуу лути [xuː luti] xuː a luti lamb “a lamb” | (11) |
In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>The adjective 'little' will be incorporated. Resistance is useless.
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|x|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|l|u|t|i|</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||x||a|||||</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |x|uː|#-> xuː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|u|t|i|
#-> luti
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|||x||a|||||
#-> -xa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|uː| |l|u|t|i||||x||a|||||
#-> xuː lutixa
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<flat>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|x|uː|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
- <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">-</thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|l|u|t|i|</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">-|||x||a|||||</thingy>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xuː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luti</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-xa</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span></p>
+ <p>xuː lutixa</p>
+ <p>хуу лутиха</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>lamb</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>little</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### xuː lutixa#-> xuː lutixa
хуу лутиха [xuː lutixa] xuː a luti lamb -xa little “a little lamb” | (12) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
The verbal phrase clitics in Nunu fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: a clitic expressing question, comprising фу /fu/ ‘Q’ followed by a clitic expressing ta.mode.voice.negation, comprising ту /tu/ ‘PRES.indicative.active.NEG’, са /sa/ ‘PRES.indicative.active.POS’, га /ha/ ‘PRES.indicative.passive.NEG’, фаа /faː/ ‘PRES.indicative.passive.POS’, гии /hiː/ ‘PRES.imperative.active.NEG’, ӈу /ŋu/ ‘PRES.imperative.active.POS’, ју /ju/ ‘PRES.imperative.passive.NEG’, ла /la/ ‘PRES.imperative.passive.POS’, фи /fi/ ‘PRES.conditional.active.NEG’, јаа /jaː/ ‘PRES.conditional.active.POS’, ху /xu/ ‘PRES.conditional.passive.NEG’, на /na/ ‘PRES.conditional.passive.POS’, ку /ku/ ‘PRES.optative.active.NEG’, ги /hi/ ‘PRES.optative.active.POS’, кии /kiː/ ‘PRES.optative.passive.NEG’, ти /ti/ ‘PRES.optative.passive.POS’, нии /niː/ ‘PAST.indicative.active.NEG’, каа /kaː/ ‘PAST.indicative.active.POS’, нуу /nuː/ ‘PAST.indicative.passive.NEG’, хи /xi/ ‘PAST.indicative.passive.POS’, та /ta/ ‘PAST.imperative.active.NEG’, ка /ka/ ‘PAST.imperative.active.POS’, ви /wi/ ‘PAST.imperative.passive.NEG’, ха /xa/ ‘PAST.imperative.passive.POS’, ли /li/ ‘PAST.conditional.active.NEG’, ва /wa/ ‘PAST.conditional.active.POS’, лу /lu/ ‘PAST.conditional.passive.NEG’, ми /mi/ ‘PAST.conditional.passive.POS’, му /mu/ ‘PAST.optative.active.NEG’, пи /pi/ ‘PAST.optative.active.POS’, пу /pu/ ‘PAST.optative.passive.NEG’ and ну /nu/ ‘PAST.optative.passive.POS’.
In addition, the verb is structured like this: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing subj, comprising -ууфу /-uːfu/ ‘1incl.sing’, -уса /-usa/ ‘1excl.sing’, -умаа /-umaː/ ‘2.sing’, -уугии /-uːhiː/ ‘3.sing.masc’, -ита /-ita/ ‘3.sing.fem’, -иилу /-iːlu/ ‘3.sing.neut’, -уӈа /-uŋa/ ‘1incl.dual’, -умии /-umiː/ ‘1excl.dual’, -уви /-uwi/ ‘2.dual’, -аами /-aːmi/ ‘3.dual.masc’, -аафаа /-aːfaː/ ‘3.dual.fem’, -уки /-uki/ ‘3.dual.neut’, -уугаа /-uːhaː/ ‘1incl.plur’, -ииху /-iːxu/ ‘1excl.plur’, -ууму /-uːmu/ ‘2.plur’, -алуу /-aluː/ ‘3.plur.masc’, -ити /-iti/ ‘3.plur.fem’ and -ули /-uli/ ‘3.plur.neut’.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -аам /-aːm/ ‘begin’ and -ам /-am/ ‘stop’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
addaffixes:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|k|uː|t|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|i|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|uː|t|#-> kuːt
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i|
#-> pi
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|uː|t||u|s|a| |s|a| |p|i|
#-> kuːtusa sa pi
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">|k|uː|t|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">|p|i|</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuːt</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span></p> + <p>kuːtusa sa pi</p> + <p>куутуса са пи</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### kuːtusa sa pi
#-> kuːtusa sa pi
Куутуса са пи. [kuːtusa sa pi] kuːt love -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS pi 2.sing “I love you.” | (13) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɲ|iː|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|t|i|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|iː|#-> ɲiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |t|i|j|a|
#-> tija
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|iː| |k|i| |t|i|j|a|
#-> ɲiː ki tija
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<flat>
<word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">|ɲ|iː|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|t|i|j|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲiː</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tija</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲiː ki tija</p>
+ <p>њии ки тија</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>in_surface</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>table</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲiː ki tija#-> ɲiː ki tija
њии ки тија [ɲiː ki tija] ɲiː in_surface ki the tija table “on the table” | (14) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+ <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase: No change.
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> </np> </pp> </example>About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɲ|uː|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|x|a|ɲ|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |ɲ|uː|#-> ɲuː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|a|ɲ|u|
#-> xaɲu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|uː| |k|i| |x|a|ɲ|u|
#-> ɲuː ki xaɲu
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<flat>
<word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">|ɲ|uː|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="masc">|x|a|ɲ|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲuː</span><br><span class="gls">to_inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xaɲu</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span></p>
+ <p>ɲuː ki xaɲu</p>
+ <p>њуу ки хању</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>to_inside</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>box</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ɲuː ki xaɲu#-> ɲuː ki xaɲu
њуу ки хању [ɲuː ki xaɲu] ɲuː to_inside ki the xaɲu box “into the box” | (15) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles: No change.
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking: No change.
module markowner: No change.
module addgender: No change.
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes: No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|n|uː|</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|l|iː|</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |n|uː|#-> nuː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|iː|
#-> liː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |n|uː| |l|iː|
#-> nuː liː
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<flat>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" owner="3s" role="comitative">|n|uː|</word>
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number">|l|iː|</word>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nuː</span><br><span class="gls">COMIT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liː</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span></p>
+ <p>nuː liː</p>
+ <p>Нуу лии</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>COMIT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>1excl.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### nuː liː#-> nuː liː
Нуу лии [nuː liː] nuː COMIT liː 1excl.sing “with me” | (16) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Nunu employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Nunu.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|s|uː|k|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|u|x|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|uː|k|a|
#-> suːka
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|u|x|
#-> fux
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|iː|l|u|
#-> -iːlu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|j|u|
#-> faju
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |s|uː|k|a| |f|u|x||iː|l|u| |s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||f|a|j|u|
#-> ki suːka fuxiːlu sa ki ɲifaju
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|s|uː|k|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|u|x|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">suːka</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fux</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːlu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faju</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki suːka fuxiːlu sa ki ɲifaju</p>
+ <p>ки суука фухиилу са ки њифају</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki suːka fuxiːlu sa ki ɲifaju#-> ki suːka fuxiːlu sa ki ɲifaju
Ки суука фухиилу са ки њифају. [ki suːka fuxiːlu sa ki ɲifaju] ki the suːka jaguar fux kill -iːlu 3.sing.neut.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS ki the ɲi- ACC faju hunter “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
- </np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|h|iː|x|iː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|f|aː|n|iː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|ŋ|aː|t|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
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### |h|iː|x|iː|
#-> hiːxiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|ɲ|
#-> faɲ
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### -|iː|l|u|
#-> -iːlu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|j|u|
#-> faju
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### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|aː|n|iː|
#-> faːniː
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### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
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### |ŋ|aː|t|i|
#-> ŋaːti
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |h|iː|x|iː| |f|a|ɲ||iː|l|u| |s|a| |k|i| |h|a||f|a|j|u| |k|i| |h|a||f|aː|n|iː| |k|i| |ɲ|i||ŋ|aː|t|i|
#-> ki hiːxiː faɲiːlu sa ki hafaju ki hafaːniː ki ɲiŋaːti
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|h|iː|x|iː|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ɲ|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">|f|aː|n|iː|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" case="ACC">|ŋ|aː|t|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiːxiː</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faɲ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːlu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faju</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faːniː</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋaːti</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki hiːxiː faɲiːlu sa ki hafaju ki hafaːniː ki ɲiŋaːti</p>
+ <p>ки гиихии фањиилу са ки гафају ки гафаании ки њиӈаати</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>eat</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>daughter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>dog</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki hiːxiː faɲiːlu sa ki hafaju ki hafaːniː ki ɲiŋaːti#-> ki hiːxiː faɲiːlu sa ki hafaju ki hafaːniː ki ɲiŋaːti
Ки гиихии фањиилу са ки гафају ки гафаании ки њиӈаати. [ki hiːxiː faɲiːlu sa ki hafaju ki hafaːniː ki ɲiŋaːti] ki the hiːxiː lion faɲ eat -iːlu 3.sing.neut.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS ki the ha- GEN faju hunter ki the ha- GEN faːniː daughter ki the ɲi- ACC ŋaːti dog “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (18) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Nunu reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Nunu expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly: No change.
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder: No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics: No change.
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> </np> </example>About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/optional
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|i|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|p|i|l|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|w|aː|k|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|f|u|ŋ|aː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |p|i|#-> pi
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i|l|a|
#-> pila
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|-
#-> ha-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |w|aː|k|a|
#-> waːka
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|u|ŋ|aː|
#-> fuŋaː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|i| |k|i| |h|a||p|i|l|a| |k|i| |h|a||w|aː|k|a| |k|i| |f|u|ŋ|aː|
#-> pi ki hapila ki hawaːka ki fuŋaː
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<flat>
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">|p|i|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">|p|i|l|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="GEN">|h|a|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="neut">|w|aː|k|a|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">|f|u|ŋ|aː|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pila</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ha-</span><br><span class="gls">GEN</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waːka</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuŋaː</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span></p>
+ <p>pi ki hapila ki hawaːka ki fuŋaː</p>
+ <p>пи ки гапила ки гаваака ки фуӈаа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>2.sing</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>son</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>GEN</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>friend</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>book</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### pi ki hapila ki hawaːka ki fuŋaː#-> pi ki hapila ki hawaːka ki fuŋaː
пи ки гапила ки гаваака ки фуӈаа [pi ki hapila ki hawaːka ki fuŋaː] pi 2.sing ki the ha- GEN pila son ki the ha- GEN waːka friend ki the fuŋaː book “your son’s friend’s book” | (19) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut">
+ <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="neut" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur
addaffixes:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">|f|u|x|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|s|uː|k|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|p|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|x|i|j|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">|p|a|</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|h|iː|x|iː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|j|u|
#-> faju
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|u|x|
#-> fux
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|a|
#-> sa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |s|uː|k|a|
#-> suːka
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|s|aː|
#-> -saː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|a|
#-> pa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |x|i|j|a|
#-> xija
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|s|aː|
#-> -saː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |p|a|
#-> pa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|iː|x|iː|
#-> hiːxiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|s|aː|
#-> -saː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i| |f|a|j|u| |f|u|x||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||s|uː|k|a||s|aː| |p|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||x|i|j|a||s|aː| |p|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||h|iː|x|iː||s|aː|
#-> ki faju fuxuːhiː sa ki ɲisuːkasaː pa ki ɲixijasaː pa ki ɲihiːxiːsaː
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">|f|a|j|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.neut">|f|u|x|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|s|uː|k|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|p|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|x|i|j|a|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and">|p|a|</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="neut" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">|h|iː|x|iː|</word>
<thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">-|s|aː|</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faju</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fux</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">suːka</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-saː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xija</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-saː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pa</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiːxiː</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-saː</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki faju fuxuːhiː sa ki ɲisuːkasaː pa ki ɲixijasaː pa ki ɲihiːxiːsaː</p>
+ <p>ки фају фухуугии са ки њисуукасаа па ки њихијасаа па ки њигиихиисаа</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>hunter</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>kill</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>jaguar</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>tiger</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>and</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>lion</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>plur</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki faju fuxuːhiː sa ki ɲisuːkasaː pa ki ɲixijasaː pa ki ɲihiːxiːsaː#-> ki faju fuxuːhiː sa ki ɲisuːkasaː pa ki ɲixijasaː pa ki ɲihiːxiːsaː
Ки фају фухуугии са ки њисуукасаа па ки њихијасаа па ки њигиихиисаа. [ki faju fuxuːhiː sa ki ɲisuːkasaː pa ki ɲixijasaː pa ki ɲihiːxiːsaː] ki the faju hunter fux kill -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS ki the ɲi- ACC suːka jaguar -saː plur pa and ki the ɲi- ACC xija tiger -saː plur pa and ki the ɲi- ACC hiːxiː lion -saː plur “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (20) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Nunu provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Nunu forms relative clauses by using a head-internal strategy. The head noun appears inside the clause itself, occupying its regular syntactic position. The entire clause functions as a modifier, and its external syntactic behaviour is identical to that of a noun-modifying phrase.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise: No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner: No change.
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber: No change.
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs: No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned: No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|l|i|p|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|h|a|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|i|p|#-> lip
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|p|a|
#-> hapa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|i|p||u|s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||h|a|p|a|
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.neut">|l|i|p|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|h|a|p|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lip</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hapa</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span></p> + <p>lipusa ki ɲihapa</p> + <p>липуса ки њигапа</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### lipusa ki ɲihapa
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa
Липуса ки њигапа. [lipusa ki ɲihapa] lip pat -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC hapa cat “I patted the cat.” | (21) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">|f|a|n|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|i|p|#-> lip
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|p|a|
#-> hapa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|n|
#-> fan
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|u|t|a|
#-> muta
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|i|p||u|s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||h|a|p|a| |f|a|n||uː|h|iː| |k|i| |ɲ|i||m|u|t|a|
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki ɲimuta
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.neut">|f|a|n|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lip</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hapa</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fan</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muta</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span></p> + <p>lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki ɲimuta</p> + <p>липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки њимута</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki ɲimuta
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki ɲimuta
Липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки њимута. [lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki ɲimuta] lip pat -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC hapa cat fan catch -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC muta mouse “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (22) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|m|iː|l|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|i|p|#-> lip
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|p|a|
#-> hapa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|n|
#-> fan
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|u|t|a|
#-> muta
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|ɲ|
#-> faɲ
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|iː|l|u|
#-> -iːlu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|iː|l|i|
#-> miːli
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|i|p||u|s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||h|a|p|a| |f|a|n||uː|h|iː| |k|i| |m|u|t|a| |f|a|ɲ||iː|l|u| |k|i| |ɲ|i||m|iː|l|i|
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu ki ɲimiːli
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.sing.fem">|f|a|ɲ|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|m|iː|l|i|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lip</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hapa</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fan</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muta</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faɲ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːlu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːli</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span></p> + <p>lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu ki ɲimiːli</p> + <p>липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки мута фањиилу ки њимиили</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu ki ɲimiːli
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu ki ɲimiːli
Липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки мута фањиилу ки њимиили. [lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu ki ɲimiːli] lip pat -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC hapa cat fan catch -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ ki the muta mouse faɲ eat -iːlu 3.sing.neut.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC miːli cheese “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (23) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> - <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> + <np role="obj"> + <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> + </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner" case="GEN">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC">
+ <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj/obligatoryGot 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj/obligatory
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.neut
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np role="obj" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">|f|a|ɲ|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|l|iː|</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">|ŋ|i|l|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|m|iː|l|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |l|i|p|#-> lip
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |h|a|p|a|
#-> hapa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|n|
#-> fan
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|u|t|a|
#-> muta
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |f|a|ɲ|
#-> faɲ
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|iː|l|u|
#-> -iːlu
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|iː|
#-> liː
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ŋ|i|l|
#-> ŋil
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### -|u|s|a|
#-> -usa
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |k|i|
#-> ki
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |m|iː|l|i|
#-> miːli
Warning: Undefined variable $ortho in /home/u338028385/domains/languagecreator.org/public_html/branches/0.90/SyntaxGenerator.php on line 1466
### |l|i|p||u|s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||h|a|p|a| |f|a|n||uː|h|iː| |k|i| |m|u|t|a| |f|a|ɲ||iː|l|u| |l|iː| |ŋ|i|l||u|s|a| |k|i| |ɲ|i||m|iː|l|i|
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu liː ŋilusa ki ɲimiːli
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">|l|i|p|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="owned" locus="number" gender="neut" case="ACC">|h|a|p|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.masc">|f|a|n|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="neut">|m|u|t|a|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="1excl.sing">|f|a|ɲ|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">-|iː|l|u|</thingy> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="neut" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">|l|iː|</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.fem">|ŋ|i|l|</word> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">-|u|s|a|</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|m|iː|l|i|</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lip</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hapa</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fan</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muta</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faɲ</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-iːlu</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liː</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ŋil</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-usa</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːli</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span></p> + <p>lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu liː ŋilusa ki ɲimiːli</p> + <p>липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки мута фањиилу лии ӈилуса ки њимиили</p> + <il> + <w> + <o/> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>ACC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o/> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + </il> </example>### lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu liː ŋilusa ki ɲimiːli
#-> lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu liː ŋilusa ki ɲimiːli
Липуса ки њигапа фануугии ки мута фањиилу лии ӈилуса ки њимиили. [lipusa ki ɲihapa fanuːhiː ki muta faɲiːlu liː ŋilusa ki ɲimiːli] lip pat -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC hapa cat fan catch -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ ki the muta mouse faɲ eat -iːlu 3.sing.neut.SUBJ liː 1excl.sing ŋil buy -usa 1excl.sing.SUBJ ki the ɲi- ACC miːli cheese “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (24) |
Complementation Strategies
Nunu forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="pres-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="pres-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module adj2verb: No change.
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic: No change.
module embed: No change.
module sentenceconnectors: No change.
module nominalise:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
+ <np type="owner_owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ <np role="owner">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- </np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
+ </np>
+ </np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity: No change.
module adpositions: No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> + </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> + <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="owner"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module markowner:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="owner">
+ <np role="owner" case="GEN">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
createpronouns: No change.
module ngen: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder: No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module conjp: No change.
flattenconjp: No change.
fixpronouns: No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
prodrop: No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase: No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </subs> </np> </np> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM"> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </subs> </np> - </np> <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
- <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/optionalGot NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj/obligatory
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing.masc
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing.masc
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/optional
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing
addaffixes:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"/>
+ <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/>
+ <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" number="sing"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </subs> - </np> - <vp tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|p|i|n|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ɲ|u|ŋ|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|t|uː|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|s|i|m|i|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|x|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|s|i|k|u|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">|ɲ|i|s|</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|k|i|</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|t|uː|-</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|w|iː|l|uː|</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony: No change.
### |k|i|#-> ki
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### |p|i|n|u|
#-> pinu
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### |ɲ|u|ŋ|
#-> ɲuŋ
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### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
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### |s|a|
#-> sa
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### |k|i|
#-> ki
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### |t|uː|-
#-> tuː-
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### |s|i|m|i|
#-> simi
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### |x|uː|
#-> xuː
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### |ɲ|i|-
#-> ɲi-
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### |s|i|k|u|
#-> siku
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### |ɲ|i|s|
#-> ɲis
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### -|uː|h|iː|
#-> -uːhiː
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### |k|i|
#-> ki
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### |t|uː|-
#-> tuː-
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### |w|iː|l|uː|
#-> wiːluː
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### |k|i| |p|i|n|u| |ɲ|u|ŋ||uː|h|iː| |s|a| |k|i| |t|uː||s|i|m|i| |x|uː| |ɲ|i||s|i|k|u| |ɲ|i|s||uː|h|iː| |k|i| |t|uː||w|iː|l|uː|
#-> ki pinu ɲuŋuːhiː sa ki tuːsimi xuː ɲisiku ɲisuːhiː ki tuːwiːluː
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|k|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM">-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="masc" case="NOM">|p|i|n|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">|ɲ|u|ŋ|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta.mode.voice.negation" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES.indicative.active.POS">|s|a|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|t|uː|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">|s|i|m|i|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
<word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|x|uː|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">|ɲ|i|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">|s|i|k|u|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
- <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q">-</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" tam="past-punct" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.neut">|ɲ|i|s|</word>
<thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.masc.SUBJ">-|uː|h|iː|</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|k|i|</word>
<thingy type="nouncase" function="prefix" gloss="DAT">|t|uː|-</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="neut">|w|iː|l|uː|</word>
- <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">-</thingy>
</flat>
+ <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pinu</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲuŋ</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sa</span><br><span class="gls">PRES.indicative.active.POS</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuː-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">simi</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xuː</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲi-</span><br><span class="gls">ACC</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siku</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲis</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uːhiː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.masc.SUBJ</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tuː-</span><br><span class="gls">DAT</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiːluː</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span></p>
+ <p>ki pinu ɲuŋuːhiː sa ki tuːsimi xuː ɲisiku ɲisuːhiː ki tuːwiːluː</p>
+ <p>ки пину њуӈуугии са ки туусими хуу њисику њисуугии ки туувиилуу</p>
+ <il>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>boy</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>give</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>PRES.indicative.active.POS</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>girl</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>a</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>ACC</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>apple</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>surprise</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>3.sing.masc.SUBJ</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>the</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>DAT</g>
+ </w>
+ <w>
+ <o/>
+ <g>teacher</g>
+ </w>
+ </il>
</example>
### ki pinu ɲuŋuːhiː sa ki tuːsimi xuː ɲisiku ɲisuːhiː ki tuːwiːluː#-> ki pinu ɲuŋuːhiː sa ki tuːsimi xuː ɲisiku ɲisuːhiː ki tuːwiːluː
Ки пину њуӈуугии са ки туусими хуу њисику њисуугии ки туувиилуу. [ki pinu ɲuŋuːhiː sa ki tuːsimi xuː ɲisiku ɲisuːhiː ki tuːwiːluː] ki the pinu boy ɲuŋ give -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ sa PRES.indicative.active.POS ki the tuː- DAT simi girl xuː a ɲi- ACC siku apple ɲis surprise -uːhiː 3.sing.masc.SUBJ ki the tuː- DAT wiːluː teacher “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (25) |
Quotes
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
Miscellaneous
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Nunu / Nunu–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:
https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2JG4P
Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.
How to cite this grammar:
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Nunu. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 15 April 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2JG4P
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-2JG4P,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Nunu}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/2JG4P}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.90, on 15 April 2026}
}
Execution time: 0.08 seconds.