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A Grammar of Pej

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Pej language (the 1353rd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Pej.

Typological Profile

It has a rich system of noun classes, ergative case marking, i.e., the object of a transitive verb is marked the same as the subject of an intransitive one, and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Pej has 25 consonant phonemes, a size that falls within a broadly average range.

It has a notable dental–alveolar contrast across several manners, a strikingly small set of lateral and rhotic consonants and a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Pej. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labialalveolarpostalveolaralveolo-palatalpalatalretroflexvelarglottal
stopp b d t c ɟ ɖ ʈ k ɡ
nasalm n ɲ
trill/tap/flapɽ
fricativef s ʃ ʂ h
approximantʋ j
affricatet͡ʃ t͡ɕ
implosiveɓ

Vowels

Pej has 7 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has has a completely boring and uninteresting vowel system.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Pej. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

frontcentralback
closei u
mide o
opena

Stress and Tones

Pej has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Pej is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/b /b/d /d/e /e/
f /f/g /ɡ/h /h/i /i/
j /j/k /k/m /m/n /n/
o /o/p /p/s /s/t /t/
u /u/w /ʋ/ñ /ɲ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /aː/ai /ai/au /au/
bb /ɓ/ch /t͡ʃ/dy /ɟ/
ee /eː/ii /iː/oo /oː/
rd /ɖ/rr /ɽ/rs /ʂ/
rt /ʈ/sh /ʃ/tj /c/
ty /t͡ɕ/uu /uː/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Pej does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Pej has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: bbaim ‘eye’, bbam ‘land’, bichaaw ‘restaurant’, farsaarr ‘hunter’, fatj ‘knife’, few ‘foot’, gauh ‘ear’, geb ‘water’, jeh ‘man’, jetj ‘tongue’, nitjeech ‘snow’, rdit ‘son’, rriñ ‘father’, rsaij ‘boy’, shadyiit ‘neck’, timaid ‘plain’, tjarroty ‘bank’, tjiñiin ‘jaguar’, tuty ‘husband’, tyañity ‘God’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: baak ‘chair’, bbab ‘bed’, bbihuuf ‘stick’, bish ‘house’, dirr ‘table’, dyorr ‘moon’, futyity ‘rope’, kadyuw ‘tower’, kutj ‘road’, machubb ‘library’, mig ‘speech’, nuseew ‘river’, pibbiity ‘box’, pirraty ‘medicine’, pukeetj ‘book’, rticheg ‘binoculars’, shufaañ ‘machine’, tjan ‘hand’, tjauj ‘idea’, wajors ‘umbrella’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: banudy ‘bark’, chirrem ‘grass’, dauf ‘hair’, diib ‘north’, diirr ‘south’, dyoos ‘east’, fañ ‘manner’, fijaust ‘worm’, giborr ‘louse’, kubboobb ‘flower’, kuh ‘face’, naish ‘inside’, nauñ ‘fight’, nirsid ‘forest’, rdiirs ‘top’, rdishurd ‘urine’, rsimirs ‘mouse’, tiw ‘surface’, tjishach ‘root’, ñik ‘west’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: basort ‘slime’, bbagaarr ‘ash’, bbapest ‘mountain’, bbifañ ‘salt’, bbutyaish ‘anus’, chutyird ‘court’, dyimañ ‘ice’, giirs ‘name’, haun ‘city’, misabb ‘vagina’, natyirt ‘smoke’, nitjeetj ‘money’, rdars ‘blood’, rdarsam ‘sand’, rrañ ‘rain’, rsamoow ‘bosom’, rtum ‘friend’, tjarduw ‘dust’, wurr ‘head’, ñakart ‘faeces’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: babady ‘embrace’, bapudy ‘guts’, bbim ‘year’, birsen ‘breast’, booch ‘earth’, dutaubb ‘liver’, dyasis ‘lake’, gardaaty ‘apple’, gatyaurd ‘belly’, kek ‘time’, naubb ‘sun’, nootj ‘day’, rdityaady ‘knee’, rradyak ‘wing’, rsineñ ‘feather’, rtityors ‘cheese’, rtursuuj ‘dialect’, shartow ‘wheat’, tuñ ‘heart’, wij ‘night’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: churrot ‘fingernail’, churs ‘stone’, dutj ‘egg’, dyob ‘skin’, faiw ‘mother’, foos ‘animal’, ganab ‘lion’, gidy ‘leg’, gudyen ‘tiger’, gurruuh ‘teacher’, mash ‘bird’, nirrody ‘brick’, niñ ‘meat’, peeg ‘people’, pis ‘mouth’, pisif ‘breath’, rdok ‘daughter’, sirdaij ‘mammal’, tyirtid ‘lamb’, ñifaf ‘religion’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Pej can be exemplified by the following example:

Chaupip fatjip chatjich wish sag tuk maatj rsimirsaf shabb geñ.

[ˈt͡ʃaupip ˈfacip t͡ʃaˈcit͡ʃ ʋiʃ ˈsaɡ tuk ˈmaːc ʂiˈmiʂaf ˈʃaɓ ˈɡeɲ]

ˈt͡ʃaup
woman -ip
sing ˈfac
knife -ip
sing t͡ʃaˈcit͡ʃ
COMIT ʋiʃ
ERG ˈsaɡ
catch tuk
PAST ˈmaːc
blind ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -af
plur ˈʃaɓ
three ˈɡe
yon -ɲ
cl.3

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

 (1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

All nominal phrase clitics in Pej are enclitics (placed finally), and there are two types: a clitic expressing possessor, comprising gash /ɡaʃ/ ‘1incl.sing’, fuk /fuk/ ‘1excl.sing’, pak /pak/ ‘2.sing’, su /su/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, rrurs /ɽuʂ/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, chird /t͡ʃiɖ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, tuj /tuj/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, wun /ʋun/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, rdak /ɖak/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, dyurr /ɟuɽ/ ‘1incl.plur’, gird /ɡiɖ/ ‘1excl.plur’, tubb /tuɓ/ ‘2.plur’, bin /bin/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, bug /buɡ/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, ship /ʃip/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, bbat /ɓat/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, bbabb /ɓaɓ/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’ and rdird /ɖiɖ/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’ followed by a clitic expressing case, comprising wish /ʋiʃ/ ‘ERG’, nab /nab/ ‘GEN’, rrat /ɽat/ ‘DAT’, hidy /hiɟ/ ‘INS’, hap /hap/ ‘VOC’, rsan /ʂan/ ‘ALL’, gish /ɡiʃ/ ‘LOC’, rsady /ʂaɟ/ ‘ABL’ and dañ /daɲ/ ‘PART’.

The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Pej.

The Noun

The noun in Pej consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -ip /-ip/ ‘sing’ and -af /-af/ ‘plur’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -ig /-iɡ/ ‘little’ and -urd /-uɖ/ ‘big’

The Adjective

The adjective in Pej stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The numeral in Pej stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Pej, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -ty /-t͡ɕ/ ‘cl.1’, -rd /-ɖ/ ‘cl.2’, -ñ /-ɲ/ ‘cl.3’, -d /-d/ ‘cl.4’, -p /-p/ ‘cl.5’ and -g /-ɡ/ ‘cl.6’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Pej stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Pej, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

Gu tyiig.

[ˈɡu ˈt͡ɕiːɡ]

ˈɡu
love ˈt͡ɕiːɡ
3.sing.cl.6

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

 (2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

Dud wish gu tyiig.

[ˈdud ʋiʃ ˈɡu ˈt͡ɕiːɡ]

ˈdud
3.sing.cl.1 ʋiʃ
ERG ˈɡu
love ˈt͡ɕiːɡ
3.sing.cl.6

“He loves her.”

 (3)

Proper Nouns

Samaapip wish pukik Farsanip.

[saˈmaːpip ʋiʃ puˈkik faˈʂanip]

saˈmaːp
Samap -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG puˈkik
hate faˈʂan
Fashan -ip
sing

“Samap hates Fashan.”

 (4)

Possession

gardaatyip su rsaijip

[ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕip su ˈʂaijip]

ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕ
apple -ip
sing su
3.sing.cl.1.POSS ˈʂaij
boy -ip
sing

“the boy’s apple”

 (5)
gardaatyip su dud

[ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕip su ˈdud]

ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕ
apple -ip
sing su
3.sing.cl.1.POSS ˈdud
3.sing.cl.1

“his (the boy’s) apple”

 (6)
gardaatyip fuk

[ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕip fuk]

ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕ
apple -ip
sing fuk
1excl.sing.POSS

“my apple”

 (7)
Rdokip su farsaarrip wish ñarrurr tuk rditip tuj dyibbirrip pak.

[ˈɖokip su faˈʂaːɽip ʋiʃ ɲaˈɽuɽ tuk ˈɖitip tuj ɟiˈɓiɽip pak]

ˈɖok
daughter -ip
sing su
3.sing.cl.1.POSS faˈʂaːɽ
hunter -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ɲaˈɽuɽ
kiss tuk
PAST ˈɖit
son -ip
sing tuj
3.sing.cl.4.POSS ɟiˈɓiɽ
neighbour -ip
sing pak
2.sing.POSS

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

 (8)

Derivation

Pej has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

tyirtidip

[t͡ɕiˈʈidip]

t͡ɕiˈʈid
lamb -ip
sing

“a lamb”

 (9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

tyirtidigip

[t͡ɕiˈʈidiɡip]

t͡ɕiˈʈid
lamb -iɡ
little -ip
sing

“a little lamb”

 (10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

The verbal phrase clitics in Pej fall into two categories, proclitics and enclitics: first, a clitic expressing voice, comprising tjart /caʈ/ ‘passive’; second, a clitic expressing ta, comprising tuk /tuk/ ‘PAST’; third, a clitic expressing mode, comprising kip /kip/ ‘imperative’, jurd /juɖ/ ‘conditional’ and guch /ɡut͡ʃ/ ‘optative’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising sas /sas/ ‘NEG’; and finally, fifth, a clitic expressing question, comprising rtabb /ʈaɓ/ ‘Q’.

The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -sha /-ʃa/ ‘begin’ and -bbi /-ɓi/ ‘stop’

Gu rsaub.

[ˈɡu ˈʂaub]

ˈɡu
love ˈʂaub
2.sing

“I love you.”

 (11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

dirrip gish rrin

[ˈdiɽip ɡiʃ ˈɽin]

ˈdiɽ
table -ip
sing ɡiʃ
LOC ˈɽin
in_surface

“on the table”

 (12)
pibbiityip gish rtaak

[piˈɓiːt͡ɕip ɡiʃ ˈʈaːk]

piˈɓiːt͡ɕ
box -ip
sing ɡiʃ
LOC ˈʈaːk
to_inside

“into the box”

 (13)
jes gish chatjich

[ˈjes ɡiʃ t͡ʃaˈcit͡ʃ]

ˈjes
1excl.sing ɡiʃ
LOC t͡ʃaˈcit͡ʃ
COMIT

“with me”

 (14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Pej employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Pej.

Tjiñiinip wish tutj tuk farsaarrip.

[ciˈɲiːnip ʋiʃ ˈtuc tuk faˈʂaːɽip]

ciˈɲiːn
jaguar -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ˈtuc
kill tuk
PAST faˈʂaːɽ
hunter -ip
sing

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

 (15)
Ganabip wish rta tuk dyetjip rdak rdokip su farsaarrip.

[ɡaˈnabip ʋiʃ ˈʈa tuk ˈɟecip ɖak ˈɖokip su faˈʂaːɽip]

ɡaˈnab
lion -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ˈʈa
eat tuk
PAST ˈɟec
dog -ip
sing ɖak
3.sing.cl.6.POSS ˈɖok
daughter -ip
sing su
3.sing.cl.1.POSS faˈʂaːɽ
hunter -ip
sing

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

 (16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Pej reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Pej expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

pukeetjip tuj rtumip su rditip pak

[pukeːcip tuj ˈʈumip su ˈɖitip pak]

pukeːc
book -ip
sing tuj
3.sing.cl.4.POSS ˈʈum
friend -ip
sing su
3.sing.cl.1.POSS ˈɖit
son -ip
sing pak
2.sing.POSS

“your son’s friend’s book”

 (17)

Case Marking

Pej uses ergative–absolutive case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the absolutive case, while the subject of a transitive verb is marked with the ergative case. From the point of view of such a system, this is a perfectly natural way to organise the clause: the absolutive marks the participant most directly involved in the event or state, while the ergative marks the additional participant that causes or controls a transitive event.

Rsapip nam.

[ˈʂapip ˈnam]

ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing ˈnam
sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

 (18)
Rsapip nan.

[ˈʂapip ˈnan]

ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing ˈnan
run

“The cat is running.”

 (19)
Rsapip wish tjatjif rsimirsip.

[ˈʂapip ʋiʃ caˈcif ʂiˈmiʂip]

ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG caˈcif
chase ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -ip
sing

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

 (20)
Rsapip wish sag tuk rsimirsip.

[ˈʂapip ʋiʃ ˈsaɡ tuk ʂiˈmiʂip]

ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ˈsaɡ
catch tuk
PAST ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -ip
sing

“The cat caught the mouse.”

 (21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

Farsaarrip wish tutj tuk tjiñiinaf ned gudyenaf ned ganabaf.

[faˈʂaːɽip ʋiʃ ˈtuc tuk ciˈɲiːnaf ˈned ɡuˈɟenaf ˈned ɡaˈnabaf]

faˈʂaːɽ
hunter -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ˈtuc
kill tuk
PAST ciˈɲiːn
jaguar -af
plur ˈned
and ɡuˈɟen
tiger -af
plur ˈned
and ɡaˈnab
lion -af
plur

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

 (22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Pej provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Pej forms relative clauses by placing them before the noun they modify. The modifier takes the form of a finite clause that precedes the head noun without any relative pronoun. The clause shows ordinary clausal structure, with the role of the head noun recoverable from the syntactic position inside the clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

Ñudyeety tuk rsapip.

[ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ tuk ˈʂapip]

ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ
pat tuk
PAST ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing

“I patted the cat.”

 (23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

Ñudyeety tuk sag tuk rsimirsip rsapip.

[ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ tuk ˈsaɡ tuk ʂiˈmiʂip ˈʂapip]

ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ
pat tuk
PAST ˈsaɡ
catch tuk
PAST ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -ip
sing ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

 (24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

Ñudyeety tuk sag tuk rta tuk rtityorsip rsimirsip rsapip.

[ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ tuk ˈsaɡ tuk ˈʈa tuk ʈiˈt͡ɕoʂip ʂiˈmiʂip ˈʂapip]

ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ
pat tuk
PAST ˈsaɡ
catch tuk
PAST ˈʈa
eat tuk
PAST ʈiˈt͡ɕoʂ
cheese -ip
sing ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -ip
sing ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

 (25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

Ñudyeety tuk sag tuk rta tuk fup tuk jes rrurs rtityorsip rsimirsip rsapip.

[ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ tuk ˈsaɡ tuk ˈʈa tuk ˈfup tuk ˈjes ɽuʂ ʈiˈt͡ɕoʂip ʂiˈmiʂip ˈʂapip]

ɲuˈɟeːt͡ɕ
pat tuk
PAST ˈsaɡ
catch tuk
PAST ˈʈa
eat tuk
PAST ˈfup
buy tuk
PAST ˈjes
1excl.sing ɽuʂ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS ʈiˈt͡ɕoʂ
cheese -ip
sing ʂiˈmiʂ
mouse -ip
sing ˈʂap
cat -ip
sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

 (26)

Complementation Strategies

Pej forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

Shich tuk tubip rrat gardaatyip rsaijip rrurs wish matoord tuk gurruuhip rrat.

[ˈʃit͡ʃ tuk ˈtubip ɽat ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕip ˈʂaijip ɽuʂ ʋiʃ maˈtoːɖ tuk ɡuɽuːhip ɽat]

ˈʃit͡ʃ
give tuk
PAST ˈtub
girl -ip
sing ɽat
DAT ɡaˈɖaːt͡ɕ
apple -ip
sing ˈʂaij
boy -ip
sing ɽuʂ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS ʋiʃ
ERG maˈtoːɖ
surprise tuk
PAST ɡuɽuːh
teacher -ip
sing ɽat
DAT

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

 (27)

Quotes

Pej employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Rsaijip wish shab tuk tubip rrat gu rsaub jes rrurs.

[ˈʂaijip ʋiʃ ˈʃab tuk ˈtubip ɽat ˈɡu ˈʂaub ˈjes ɽuʂ]

ˈʂaij
boy -ip
sing ʋiʃ
ERG ˈʃab
tell tuk
PAST ˈtub
girl -ip
sing ɽat
DAT ˈɡu
love ˈʂaub
2.sing ˈjes
1excl.sing ɽuʂ
3.sing.cl.2.POSS

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

 (28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Pej. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 31 August 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/307X5

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-307X5,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Pej}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/307X5}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 31 August 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Pej / Pej–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/307X5

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