A Grammar of Nyal

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Nyal language (the 1639th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Nyal.

Typological Profile

It has has no interesting typological features.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Nyal has a large consonant inventory, comprising 44 phonemes.

It has a notable dental–alveolar contrast across several manners, a substantial inventory of palatal or palatalised consonants, a notably rich set of sibilant contrasts, a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions and a notably rich liquid inventory.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Nyal. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	dental	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	retroflex	velar	uvular	glottal
stop	p b		d t				c ɟ	ɖ ʈ	k ɡ		ʔ
nasal	m		n				ɲ	ɳ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap			ɾ					ɽ
fricative	f v	ð θ	s z	ʃ ʒ		ɮ		ʂ ʐ	x ɣ	ʁ	h
approximant	w		ɹ			l	j
affricate			d͡z t͡s	d͡ʒ t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ

Vowels

Nyal has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a partially contrastive system of vowel length and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Nyal. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back
close	i		u
mid	e		o
open		a

Stress and Tones

Nyal has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Nyal is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/	b /b/	d /d/	e /e/
f /f/	g /ɡ/	h /h/	i /i/
j /d͡ʒ/	k /k/	l /l/	m /m/
n /n/	o /o/	p /p/	q /ʔ/
r /ɾ/	s /s/	t /t/	u /u/
v /v/	w /w/	y /j/	z /z/
ð /ð/	ñ /ɲ/	ğ /ɣ/	ŕ /r/
ɮ /ɮ/	ɹ /ɹ/	ʁ /ʁ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

aa /aː/	ai /ai/	au /au/
ch /t͡ʃ/	dy /ɟ/	dz /d͡z/
ee /eː/	ii /iː/	kh /x/
ng /ŋ/	oo /oː/	rd /ɖ/
rn /ɳ/	rr /ɽ/	rs /ʂ/
rt /ʈ/	rz /ʐ/	sh /ʃ/
th /θ/	tj /c/	ty /t͡ɕ/
tz /t͡s/	uu /uː/	zh /ʒ/
ɔi /ɔi/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Nyal does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Nyal has the following genders:

Gender masc – for instance: dirdɔird ‘breath’, dit ‘cat’, fathidy ‘student’, fiw ‘leg’, hazeb ‘fat’, hɔizhb ‘father’, jastirt ‘bank’, juɹaurzg ‘lamb’, langerst ‘plain’, libeeŕ ‘book’, meers ‘surface’, niğeshk ‘mammal’, rdanuw ‘worm’, rzikhaim ‘God’, sizh ‘bed’, tjulaaq ‘school’, yutyoɮ ‘louse’, zhdeedz ‘husband’, zhgastj ‘road’, ðaz ‘dog’.

Gender fem – for instance: chen ‘people’, giteeŕ ‘teacher’, haŕart ‘belly’, katuus ‘market’, mashozhd ‘lake’, muğ ‘eye’, pikuun ‘money’, qaus ‘nose’, rdajaiq ‘flower’, rrazh ‘hair’, taam ‘daughter’, tjaŕauzh ‘forest’, yɔith ‘stone’, zhas ‘year’, zhguurs ‘tree’, ðashk ‘face’, ğityird ‘penis’, ŕaushq ‘time’, ʁauch ‘bone’, ʁirzgiv ‘farmer’.

Gender neut – for instance: bashooch ‘umbrella’, buyuʁ ‘stick’, fukh ‘sky’, gaazh ‘rain’, khurtik ‘liver’, liv ‘water’, lurstuuth ‘cloud’, nooj ‘skin’, rdağerzd ‘dialect’, rruvaʁ ‘wing’, rsidz ‘language’, rzguw ‘tongue’, rzirst ‘sun’, zhberd ‘city’, zhookh ‘knife’, ðifit ‘seed’, ðuɹak ‘river’, ñasqaap ‘tail’, ɹatjaad ‘fog’, ɹizaj ‘mountain’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Nyal can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="&#x279; a &#x2C8; l">ɹaˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x256; a &#x294; a &#x2C8; k">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="r">r</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="&#x292; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">ʒoːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="p u&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">puːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x290;">wɔiˈʐ</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x256; au &#x2C8;">ɖauˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263;">ɣ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem" ph="&#x279; a &#x2C8; l">ɹaˈl</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x256; a &#x294; a &#x2C8; k">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut" attach="suffix" ph="r">r</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut" ph="&#x292; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">ʒoːˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="p u&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">puːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x290;">wɔiˈʐ</word>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x256; au &#x2C8;">ɖauˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="&#x263;">ɣ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">ɹaˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="neut">r</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="neut">ʒoːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">j</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.plur.masc">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">puːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wɔiˈʐ</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">ɖauˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="adjgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">ɣ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɹal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖaˈʔak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʒoːx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpuː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwɔiʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɖau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɣ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːjux ˈɹaliɾ ɖaˈʔak ˈwiːrið ˈʒoːxij ˈʂʈax ðir ˈpuːnah ˈwɔiʐ ˈɖauɣ tiˈɮiðuw</p>
+  <p>wiiyukh ɹalir rdaqak wiiŕið zhookhiy rsrtakh ðiŕ puunah wɔirz rdauğ tiɮiðuw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɹal</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖaˈʔak</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-r</o>
+      <g>neut</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ið</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʒoːx</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈa</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpuː</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwɔiʐ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɖau</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɣ</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Wiiyukh ɹalir rdaqak wiiŕið zhookhiy rsrtakh ðiŕ puunah wɔirz rdauğ tiɮiðuw.

[ˈwiːjux ˈɹaliɾ ɖaˈʔak ˈwiːrið ˈʒoːxij ˈʂʈax ðir ˈpuːnah ˈwɔiʐ ˈɖauɣ tiˈɮiðuw]

ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ux
NOM ˈɹal
woman -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ɖaˈʔak
COMIT ˈwiː
the -r
neut -ið
LOC ˈʒoːx
knife -i
sing -j
LOC ˈʂʈa
catch -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈpuː
yon -n
masc -ah
ACC ˈwɔiʐ
three ˈɖau
blind -ɣ
masc tiˈɮið
mouse -u
plur -w
ACC

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Nyal consists of first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -i /-i/ ‘sing’ and -u /-u/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -r /-ɾ/ ‘NOM’, -w /-w/ ‘ACC’, -k /-k/ ‘GEN’, -dz /-d͡z/ ‘DAT’, -h /-h/ ‘INS’, -g /-ɡ/ ‘VOC’, -t /-t/ ‘ALL’, -y /-j/ ‘LOC’, -dy /-ɟ/ ‘ABL’ and -rd /-ɖ/ ‘PART’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 20 suffixes, namely -uty /-ut͡ɕ/ ‘little’, -av /-av/ ‘big’, -al /-al/ ‘old’, -at /-at/ ‘new’, -ad /-ad/ ‘good’, -uf /-uf/ ‘bad’, -azi /-azi/ ‘have’, -aña /-aɲa/ ‘use’, -arsu /-aʂu/ ‘see’, -uspu /-uspu/ ‘make’, -ifa /-ifa/ ‘break’, -itja /-ica/ ‘eat’, -arti /-aʈi/ ‘drink’, -avi /-avi/ ‘wear’, -iwa /-iwa/ ‘own’, -uñi /-uɲi/ ‘contain’, -uʁi /-uʁi/ ‘hold’, -izhga /-iʒɡa/ ‘lack’, -arru /-aɽu/ ‘touch’ and -itju /-icu/ ‘carry’

The Adjective

In Nyal, the adjective has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -ğ /-ɣ/ ‘masc’, -rd /-ɖ/ ‘fem’ and -dy /-ɟ/ ‘neut’.

Numerals

The numeral in Nyal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Nyal, the determiner has the following structure: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing gender, comprising -n /-n/ ‘masc’, -y /-j/ ‘fem’ and -ŕ /-r/ ‘neut’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -ukh /-ux/ ‘NOM’, -ah /-ah/ ‘ACC’, -ag /-aɡ/ ‘GEN’, -in /-in/ ‘DAT’, -uf /-uf/ ‘INS’, -iñ /-iɲ/ ‘VOC’, -aŕ /-ar/ ‘ALL’, -ið /-ið/ ‘LOC’, -ih /-ih/ ‘ABL’ and -iŕ /-ir/ ‘PART’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Nyal stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Nyal, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">huːˈd</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">huːˈd</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">huːˈd</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈhuːd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈvaix ˈhuːd</p>
+  <p>vaikh huud</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvai</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈhuːd</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Vaikh huud.

[ˈvaix ˈhuːd]

ˈvai
love -x
POS ˈhuːd
3.sing.fem

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x256; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x273;">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">huːˈd</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x256; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x273;">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">huːˈd</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">huːˈd</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɖuːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈhuːd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɖuːɳ ˈvaix ˈhuːd</p>
+  <p>rduurn vaikh huud</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɖuːɳ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvai</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈhuːd</o>
+      <g>3.sing.fem</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Rduurn vaikh huud.

[ˈɖuːɳ ˈvaix ˈhuːd]

ˈɖuːɳ
3.sing.masc ˈvai
love -x
POS ˈhuːd
3.sing.fem

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Tizahdid hates Zhidal.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tizahdid" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes" ph="t i &#x292;+&#x256; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">tiʒɖiːˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x283;+p a &#x25F; au &#x2C8;">ʃpaɟauˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhidal" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; i d a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; l">ʒidaːˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Tizahdid hates Zhidal.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tizahdid" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes" ph="t i &#x292;+&#x256; i&#x2D0; &#x2C8; d">tiʒɖiːˈd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x283;+p a &#x25F; au &#x2C8;">ʃpaɟauˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhidal" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x292; i d a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; l">ʒidaːˈl</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Tizahdid" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" propernoun="yes">tiʒɖiːˈd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">ʃpaɟauˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Zhidal" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" propernoun="yes">ʒidaːˈl</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈʒɖiːd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Tizahdid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃpaˈɟau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʒiˈdaːl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Zhidal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux tiˈʒɖiːdiɾ ʃpaˈɟaux ˈwiːjah ʒiˈdaːliw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh Tizhrdiidir shpadyaukh wiiyah Zhidaaliw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈʒɖiːd</o>
+      <g>Tizahdid</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃpaˈɟau</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʒiˈdaːl</o>
+      <g>Zhidal</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Wiinukh Tizhrdiidir shpadyaukh wiiyah Zhidaaliw.

[ˈwiːnux tiˈʒɖiːdiɾ ʃpaˈɟaux ˈwiːjah ʒiˈdaːliw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM tiˈʒɖiːd
Tizahdid -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ʃpaˈɟau
hate -x
POS ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ah
ACC ʒiˈdaːl
Zhidal -i
sing -w
ACC

“Tizahdid hates Zhidal.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲɔiɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡zuˈɡeːx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnaɡ ˈɲɔiɡik ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ</p>
+  <p>wiinag ñɔigik wiiyukh dzugeekhir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲɔiɡ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡zuˈɡeːx</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

wiinag ñɔigik wiiyukh dzugeekhir

[ˈwiːnaɡ ˈɲɔiɡik ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -aɡ
GEN ˈɲɔiɡ
boy -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ux
NOM d͡zuˈɡeːx
apple -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x256; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x273;">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x256; u&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x273;">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="masc" gloss="3.sing.masc" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɖuːˈɳ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɖuːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡zuˈɡeːx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈɖuːɳ ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ</p>
+  <p>rduurn wiiyukh dzugeekhir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɖuːɳ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡zuˈɡeːx</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

rduurn wiiyukh dzugeekhir

[ˈɖuːɳ ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ]

ˈɖuːɳ
3.sing.masc ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ux
NOM d͡zuˈɡeːx
apple -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="fem" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
  </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzaip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡zuˈɡeːx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈzaip ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ</p>
+  <p>zaip wiiyukh dzugeekhir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzaip</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡zuˈɡeːx</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

zaip wiiyukh dzugeekhir

[ˈzaip ˈwiːjux d͡zuˈɡeːxiɾ]

ˈzaip
1excl.sing ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ux
NOM d͡zuˈɡeːx
apple -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="fem" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; m">taːˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x281; a &#x27D; i &#x2C8;">ʁaɽiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="s+&#x294; u &#x292;+&#x256; o &#x2C8; f">sʔuʒɖoˈf</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; a &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM" ph="t a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; m">taːˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x281; a &#x27D; i &#x2C8;">ʁaɽiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="s+&#x294; u &#x292;+&#x256; o &#x2C8; f">sʔuʒɖoˈf</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="&#x290; a &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="fem" case="NOM">taːˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">ʁaɽiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">sʔuʒɖoˈf</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θuˈmeʐd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtaːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʁaˈɽi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈŋit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sʔuˈʒɖof&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʐat͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnaɡ θuˈmeʐdik ˈwiːjux ˈtaːmiɾ ʁaˈɽix ðir ˈŋit͡ɕ ˈwiːjaɡ sʔuˈʒɖofik ˈwiːnah ˈʐat͡siw</p>
+  <p>wiinag thumerzdik wiiyukh taamir ʁarrikh ðiŕ ngity wiiyag squzhrdofik wiinah rzatziw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θuˈmeʐd</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtaːm</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʁaˈɽi</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈŋit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sʔuˈʒɖof</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʐat͡s</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Wiinag thumerzdik wiiyukh taamir ʁarrikh ðiŕ ngity wiiyag squzhrdofik wiinah rzatziw.

[ˈwiːnaɡ θuˈmeʐdik ˈwiːjux ˈtaːmiɾ ʁaˈɽix ðir ˈŋit͡ɕ ˈwiːjaɡ sʔuˈʒɖofik ˈwiːnah ˈʐat͡siw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -aɡ
GEN θuˈmeʐd
hunter -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ux
NOM ˈtaːm
daughter -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ʁaˈɽi
kiss -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈŋit͡ɕ
2.sing ˈwiː
the -j
fem -aɡ
GEN sʔuˈʒɖof
neighbour -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC ˈʐat͡s
son -i
sing -w
ACC

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈɔi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡiɾ</p>
+  <p>rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈɔi</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgir

[ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡiɾ]

ˈʂʈɔi
a -n
masc -ux
NOM d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ
lamb -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“a lamb”

(9)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈɔi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ut͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiɾ</p>
+  <p>rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgutyir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈɔi</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ut͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgutyir

[ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiɾ]

ˈʂʈɔi
a -n
masc -ux
NOM d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ
lamb -ut͡ɕ
little -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“a little lamb”

(10)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>have</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>lamb</noun>
      <adj>little</adj>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>have</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>lamb</noun>
-      <adj>little</adj>
+    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
-      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
        <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-      <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-      </word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈɔi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ut͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʂix ðir ˈʂʈɔinah d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiw</p>
+  <p>rsikh ðiŕ rsrtɔinah juɹaurzgutyiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂi</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈɔi</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ut͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Rsikh ðiŕ rsrtɔinah juɹaurzgutyiw.

[ˈʂix ðir ˈʂʈɔinah d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiw]

ˈʂi
have -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈʂʈɔi
a -n
masc -ah
ACC d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ
lamb -ut͡ɕ
little -i
sing -w
ACC

“She had a little lamb.”

(11)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>want</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>have</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
          <noun>lamb</noun>
          <adj>little</adj>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>want</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>have</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-          <noun>lamb</noun>
-          <adj>little</adj>
+        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

submodule transform_verb_verb

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+      </word>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb">
+      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
        <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
      </word>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">
+  <flat>
    <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+    <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-      </word>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
-    <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="&#x292; i">ʒi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy gloss="want&#x2081;" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="&#x292; i">ʒi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="have" lexposp="verb" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="want&#x2082;" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb">ʒi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʒi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;want&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʂiʒix ðir</p>
+  <p>rsizhikh ðiŕ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂi</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʒi</o>
+      <g>want</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

Rsizhikh ðiŕ.

[ˈʂiʒix ðir]

ˈʂi
have -ʒi
want -x
POS ðir
PAST

“She wanted to have a little lamb.”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>want</verb>
      <adv>often</adv>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>have</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
          <noun>lamb</noun>
          <adj>little</adj>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>want</verb>
-      <adv>often</adv>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>have</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
-          <noun>lamb</noun>
-          <adj>little</adj>
+        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-          <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
-        </vp>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+        </vp>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="fem" gloss="3.sing.fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
-      <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for want/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
            <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
          </word>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-          <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-          </word>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x283;+p a &#x2C8;">ʃpaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; n">t͡ɕoˈn</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x283;+p a &#x2C8;">ʃpaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; o &#x2C8; n">t͡ɕoˈn</word>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; u &#x279; au &#x2C8; &#x290;+&#x261;">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="u t&#x361;&#x255;">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282; i &#x2C8;">ʂiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">ʃpaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.masc">t͡ɕoˈn</word>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">d͡ʒuɹauˈʐɡ</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">ut͡ɕ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">ʂiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" gender="masc" number="sing">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʃpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;want&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;often&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈɔi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ut͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡaˈʔaiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʃpax ˈt͡ɕon ðir ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiɾ ˈʂix ðir ɡaˈʔaiʒ</p>
+  <p>shpakh tyon ðiŕ rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgutyir rsikh ðiŕ gaqaizh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʃpa</o>
+      <g>want</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕon</o>
+      <g>often</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈɔi</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ut͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂi</o>
+      <g>have</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡaˈʔaiʒ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

Shpakh tyon ðiŕ rsrtɔinukh juɹaurzgutyir rsikh ðiŕ gaqaizh.

[ˈʃpax ˈt͡ɕon ðir ˈʂʈɔinux d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡut͡ɕiɾ ˈʂix ðir ɡaˈʔaiʒ]

ˈʃpa
want -x
POS ˈt͡ɕon
often ðir
PAST ˈʂʈɔi
a -n
masc -ux
NOM d͡ʒuˈɹauʐɡ
lamb -ut͡ɕ
little -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈʂi
have -x
POS ðir
PAST ɡaˈʔaiʒ
COMP

“She often wanted to have a little lamb.”

(13)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

All verbal phrase clitics in Nyal are enclitics (placed finally), and there are three types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising ðiŕ /ðir/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing voice, comprising skak /skak/ ‘passive’; and finally, third, a clitic expressing question, comprising hup /hup/ ‘Q’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, the root; second, an optional suffix expressing mode, comprising -pa /-pa/ ‘imperative’, -dyu /-ɟu/ ‘conditional’ and -ma /-ma/ ‘optative’; and finally, third, an obligatory suffix expressing negation, comprising -y /-j/ ‘NEG’ and -kh /-x/ ‘POS’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 12 suffixes, namely -na /-na/ ‘begin’, -rsqu /-ʂʔu/ ‘stop’, -su /-su/ ‘continue’, -rstja /-ʂca/ ‘try’, -shka /-ʃka/ ‘start’, -zhi /-ʒi/ ‘want’, -tya /-t͡ɕa/ ‘can’, -zrdi /-zɖi/ ‘finish’, -ku /-ku/ ‘need’, -zrda /-zɖa/ ‘decide’, -rra /-ɽa/ ‘fail’ and -za /-za/ ‘hope’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈŋit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈvaix ˈŋit͡ɕ</p>
+  <p>vaikh ngity</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvai</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈŋit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

Vaikh ngity.

[ˈvaix ˈŋit͡ɕ]

ˈvai
love -x
POS ˈŋit͡ɕ
2.sing

“I love you.”

(14)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x281; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">ʁiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="&#x263; o &#x2C8; &#x256;">ɣoˈɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="&#x281; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">ʁiˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc" ph="&#x263; o &#x2C8; &#x256;">ɣoˈɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">ʁiˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="masc">ɣoˈɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">j</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʁit͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in_surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɣoɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈʁit͡ʃ ˈwiːnið ˈɣoɖij</p>
+  <p>ʁich wiinið ğordiy</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʁit͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>in_surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ið</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɣoɖ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

ʁich wiinið ğordiy

[ˈʁit͡ʃ ˈwiːnið ˈɣoɖij]

ˈʁit͡ʃ
in_surface ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ið
LOC ˈɣoɖ
table -i
sing -j
LOC

“on the table”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got LOC
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got LOC

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d o &#x2C8; n">doˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="&#xF0; i d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">ðid͡ʒiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="d o &#x2C8; n">doˈn</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="i &#xF0;">ið</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem" ph="&#xF0; i d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8; &#x25F;">ðid͡ʒiˈɟ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">doˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">ið</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="fem">ðid͡ʒiˈɟ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">j</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to_inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðiˈd͡ʒiɟ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;LOC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈdon ˈwiːjið ðiˈd͡ʒiɟij</p>
+  <p>don wiiyið ðijidyiy</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdon</o>
+      <g>to_inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ið</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðiˈd͡ʒiɟ</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>LOC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

don wiiyið ðijidyiy

[ˈdon ˈwiːjið ðiˈd͡ʒiɟij]

ˈdon
to_inside ˈwiː
the -j
fem -ið
LOC ðiˈd͡ʒiɟ
box -i
sing -j
LOC

“into the box”

(16)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x256; a &#x294; a &#x2C8; k">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="&#x256; a &#x294; a &#x2C8; k">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">ɖaʔaˈk</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">zaiˈp</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖaˈʔak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzaip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖaˈʔak ˈzaip</p>
+  <p>rdaqak zaip</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖaˈʔak</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzaip</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

rdaqak zaip

[ɖaˈʔak ˈzaip]

ɖaˈʔak
COMIT ˈzaip
1excl.sing

“with me”

(17)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Nyal employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Nyal.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="h i v e &#x2C8; t">hiveˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8;">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="h i v e &#x2C8; t">hiveˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8;">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">hiveˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hiˈvet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θuˈmeʐd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux hiˈvetiɾ ˈd͡ʒix ðir ˈwiːnah θuˈmeʐdiw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh hivetir jikh ðiŕ wiinah thumerzdiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hiˈvet</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒi</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θuˈmeʐd</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Wiinukh hivetir jikh ðiŕ wiinah thumerzdiw.

[ˈwiːnux hiˈvetiɾ ˈd͡ʒix ðir ˈwiːnah θuˈmeʐdiw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM hiˈvet
jaguar -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈd͡ʒi
kill -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC θuˈmeʐd
hunter -i
sing -w
ACC

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="masc" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x288; a &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x290;">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="t a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; m">taːˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; z">ðaˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x288; a &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x290;">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="t a&#x2D0; &#x2C8; m">taːˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC" ph="&#xF0; a &#x2C8; z">ðaˈz</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.fem">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" gender="masc">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">taːˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="ACC">ðaˈz</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʈaˈɲoːʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θuˈmeʐd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈtaːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈðaz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ʈaˈɲoːʐiɾ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnaɡ θuˈmeʐdik ˈwiːjaɡ ˈtaːmik ˈwiːnah ˈðaziw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh rtañoorzir vikh ðiŕ wiinag thumerzdik wiiyag taamik wiinah ðaziw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʈaˈɲoːʐ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θuˈmeʐd</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈtaːm</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈðaz</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Wiinukh rtañoorzir vikh ðiŕ wiinag thumerzdik wiiyag taamik wiinah ðaziw.

[ˈwiːnux ʈaˈɲoːʐiɾ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnaɡ θuˈmeʐdik ˈwiːjaɡ ˈtaːmik ˈwiːnah ˈðaziw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ʈaˈɲoːʐ
lion -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈvi
eat -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -aɡ
GEN θuˈmeʐd
hunter -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -j
fem -aɡ
GEN ˈtaːm
daughter -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC ˈðaz
dog -i
sing -w
ACC

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(19)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Nyal reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Nyal expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module markowner:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="fem" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="masc" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got GEN
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x290; a &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="&#x27E; u &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">ɾuˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="l i b e&#x2D0; r">libeːr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc" ph="&#x290; a &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="a &#x261;">aɡ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem" ph="&#x27E; u &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x283;">ɾuˈt͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN" attach="suffix" ph="k">k</thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM" ph="l i b e&#x2D0; r">libeːr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="masc">ʐaˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">aɡ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="GEN" gender="fem">ɾuˈt͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="GEN">k</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="masc" case="NOM">libeːr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈŋit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʐat͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-aɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɾut͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;GEN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;libeːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈŋit͡ɕ ˈwiːnaɡ ˈʐat͡sik ˈwiːjaɡ ˈɾut͡ʃik ˈwiːnux libeːriɾ</p>
+  <p>ngity wiinag rzatzik wiiyag ruchik wiinukh libeeŕir</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈŋit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʐat͡s</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-aɡ</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɾut͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-k</o>
+      <g>GEN</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>libeːr</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

ngity wiinag rzatzik wiiyag ruchik wiinukh libeeŕir

[ˈŋit͡ɕ ˈwiːnaɡ ˈʐat͡sik ˈwiːjaɡ ˈɾut͡ʃik ˈwiːnux libeːriɾ]

ˈŋit͡ɕ
2.sing ˈwiː
the -n
masc -aɡ
GEN ˈʐat͡s
son -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -j
fem -aɡ
GEN ˈɾut͡ʃ
friend -i
sing -k
GEN ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM libeːr
book -i
sing -ɾ
NOM

“your son’s friend’s book”

(20)

Case Marking

Nyal uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i &#x2C8;">t͡ɕiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i &#x2C8;">t͡ɕiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">t͡ɕiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈt͡ɕi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈt͡ɕix</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ditir tyikh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈt͡ɕi</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Wiinukh ditir tyikh.

[ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈt͡ɕix]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈt͡ɕi
sleep -x
POS

“The cat is sleeping.”

(21)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="n i &#x2C8;">niˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="n i &#x2C8;">niˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc">niˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈnix</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ditir nikh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈni</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Wiinukh ditir nikh.

[ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈnix]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈni
run -x
POS

“The cat is running.”

(22)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="s i m e &#x2C8;">simeˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="s i m e &#x2C8;">simeˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">simeˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;siˈme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ siˈmex ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ditir simekh wiinah tiɮiðiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>siˈme</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Wiinukh ditir simekh wiinah tiɮiðiw.

[ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ siˈmex ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM siˈme
chase -x
POS ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC tiˈɮið
mouse -i
sing -w
ACC

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(23)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ditir rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinah tiɮiðiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈa</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Wiinukh ditir rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinah tiɮiðiw.

[ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈʂʈa
catch -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC tiˈɮið
mouse -i
sing -w
ACC

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(24)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8;">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="h i v e &#x2C8; t">hiveˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n i &#x2C8; n">niˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d a &#x27D; e &#x2C8; m">daɽeˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n i &#x2C8; n">niˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x288; a &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x290;">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x3B8; u m e &#x2C8; &#x290;+d">θumeˈʐd</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc" ph="d&#x361;&#x292; i &#x2C8;">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="h i v e &#x2C8; t">hiveˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n i &#x2C8; n">niˈn</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="d a &#x27D; e &#x2C8; m">daɽeˈm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="n i &#x2C8; n">niˈn</word>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="&#x288; a &#x272; o&#x2D0; &#x2C8; &#x290;">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u">u</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">θumeˈʐd</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.plur.masc">d͡ʒiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">hiveˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">niˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">daɽeˈm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">niˈn</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="masc" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">ʈaɲoːˈʐ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur">u</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;θuˈmeʐd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈd͡ʒi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hiˈvet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈnin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daˈɽem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈnin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʈaˈɲoːʐ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux θuˈmeʐdiɾ ˈd͡ʒix ðir ˈwiːnah hiˈvetuw ˈnin ˈwiːnah daˈɽemuw ˈnin ˈwiːnah ʈaˈɲoːʐuw</p>
+  <p>wiinukh thumerzdir jikh ðiŕ wiinah hivetuw nin wiinah darremuw nin wiinah rtañoorzuw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>θuˈmeʐd</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈd͡ʒi</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hiˈvet</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈnin</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daˈɽem</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈnin</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʈaˈɲoːʐ</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-u</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Wiinukh thumerzdir jikh ðiŕ wiinah hivetuw nin wiinah darremuw nin wiinah rtañoorzuw.

[ˈwiːnux θuˈmeʐdiɾ ˈd͡ʒix ðir ˈwiːnah hiˈvetuw ˈnin ˈwiːnah daˈɽemuw ˈnin ˈwiːnah ʈaˈɲoːʐuw]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM θuˈmeʐd
hunter -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈd͡ʒi
kill -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC hiˈvet
jaguar -u
plur -w
ACC ˈnin
and ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC daˈɽem
tiger -u
plur -w
ACC ˈnin
and ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC ʈaˈɲoːʐ
lion -u
plur -w
ACC

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(25)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Nyal provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Nyal forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.masc">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɮiˈsta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnah ˈditiw</p>
+  <p>ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinah ditiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɮiˈsta</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinah ditiw.

[ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnah ˈditiw]

ɮiˈsta
pat -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC ˈdit
cat -i
sing -w
ACC

“I patted the cat.”

(26)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɮiˈsta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw</p>
+  <p>ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinah tiɮiðiw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɮiˈsta</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈa</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinah tiɮiðiw.

[ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnah tiˈɮiðiw]

ɮiˈsta
pat -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈzɖaʔ
RELPRON ˈʂʈa
catch -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC tiˈɮið
mouse -i
sing -w
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(27)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
              <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+              <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+              <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+              <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after" ph="&#x290; u v ai &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after" ph="&#x290; u v ai &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" obj="3.sing.masc">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="masc" comma="after">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɮiˈsta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʐuˈvait͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnux tiˈɮiðiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnah ʐuˈvait͡siw</p>
+  <p>ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinukh tiɮiðir, zrdaq vikh ðiŕ wiinah rzuvaitziw</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɮiˈsta</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈa</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʐuˈvait͡s</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinukh tiɮiðir, zrdaq vikh ðiŕ wiinah rzuvaitziw.

[ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnux tiˈɮiðiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnah ʐuˈvait͡siw]

ɮiˈsta
pat -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈdit
cat -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈzɖaʔ
RELPRON ˈʂʈa
catch -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM tiˈɮið
mouse -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈzɖaʔ
RELPRON ˈvi
eat -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ah
ACC ʐuˈvait͡s
cheese -i
sing -w
ACC

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(28)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
              <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                  <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="masc">
+            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
+            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-        <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-            <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
-                <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: det, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
        <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
            <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
              <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
                <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+                <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+                <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
+                <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+                <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                  <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="masc" number="sing" case="NOM">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="masc">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="&#x290; u v ai &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x281; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">ʁaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x26E; i s+t a &#x2C8;">ɮistaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="d i &#x2C8; t">diˈt</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; a &#x2C8;">ʂʈaˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="t i &#x26E; i &#x2C8; &#xF0;">tiɮiˈð</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" ph="v i &#x2C8;">viˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc" ph="&#x290; u v ai &#x2C8; t&#x361;s">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc" ph="z+&#x256; a &#x2C8; &#x294;">zɖaˈʔ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x281; a&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">ʁaːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ɮistaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">diˈt</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">ʂʈaˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">tiɮiˈð</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc">viˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="masc">ʐuvaiˈt͡s</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="masc">zɖaˈʔ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.masc" subj="1excl.sing">ʁaːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">zaiˈp</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɮiˈsta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈdit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tiˈɮið&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʐuˈvait͡s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzɖaʔ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʁaː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzaip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnux tiˈɮiðiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnux ʐuˈvait͡siɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʁaːx ðir ˈzaip</p>
+  <p>ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinukh tiɮiðir, zrdaq vikh ðiŕ wiinukh rzuvaitzir, zrdaq ʁaakh ðiŕ zaip</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɮiˈsta</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈdit</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈa</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tiˈɮið</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvi</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʐuˈvait͡s</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzɖaʔ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʁaː</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzaip</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 29.

ɮistakh ðiŕ wiinukh ditir, zrdaq rsrtakh ðiŕ wiinukh tiɮiðir, zrdaq vikh ðiŕ wiinukh rzuvaitzir, zrdaq ʁaakh ðiŕ zaip.

[ɮiˈstax ðir ˈwiːnux ˈditiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʂʈax ðir ˈwiːnux tiˈɮiðiɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈvix ðir ˈwiːnux ʐuˈvait͡siɾ, ˈzɖaʔ ˈʁaːx ðir ˈzaip]

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(29)

Complementation Strategies

Nyal introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-          <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
-          <word gloss="a" posp="det"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got masc
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got fem
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
          <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="c a &#x2C8;">caˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="p a &#x2C8; s+t">paˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x292;+&#x256; o &#x2C8;">ʁiʒɖoˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x261; i t e&#x2D0; r">ɡiteːr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem" ph="c a &#x2C8;">caˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="p a &#x2C8; s+t">paˈst</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
-    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="&#x282;+&#x288; &#x254;i &#x2C8;">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="a h">ah</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem" ph="d&#x361;z u &#x261; e&#x2D0; &#x2C8; x">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="w">w</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" ph="&#x281; i &#x292;+&#x256; o &#x2C8;">ʁiʒɖoˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="&#x261; i t e&#x2D0; r">ɡiteːr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="3.sing.fem">caˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">paˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">d͡z</thingy>
+    <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">ʂʈɔiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">ah</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="fem">d͡zuɡeːˈx</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">w</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="masc" number="sing">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem">ʁiʒɖoˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">ɡiteːr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">d͡z</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲɔiɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpast&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-d͡z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈʂʈɔi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;d͡zuˈɡeːx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡaˈʔaiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʁiˈʒɖo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡiteːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-d͡z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈɲɔiɡiɾ ˈcax ðir ˈwiːjin ˈpastid͡z ˈʂʈɔijah d͡zuˈɡeːxiw ɡaˈʔaiʒ ʁiˈʒɖox ðir ˈwiːjin ɡiteːrid͡z</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ñɔigir tjakh ðiŕ wiiyin pastidz rsrtɔiyah dzugeekhiw gaqaizh ʁizhrdokh ðiŕ wiiyin giteeŕidz</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲɔiɡ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈca</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpast</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-d͡z</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈʂʈɔi</o>
+      <g>a</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ah</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>d͡zuˈɡeːx</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-w</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡaˈʔaiʒ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʁiˈʒɖo</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡiteːr</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-d͡z</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 30.

Wiinukh ñɔigir tjakh ðiŕ wiiyin pastidz rsrtɔiyah dzugeekhiw gaqaizh ʁizhrdokh ðiŕ wiiyin giteeŕidz.

[ˈwiːnux ˈɲɔiɡiɾ ˈcax ðir ˈwiːjin ˈpastid͡z ˈʂʈɔijah d͡zuˈɡeːxiw ɡaˈʔaiʒ ʁiˈʒɖox ðir ˈwiːjin ɡiteːrid͡z]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈɲɔiɡ
boy -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈca
give -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -j
fem -in
DAT ˈpast
girl -i
sing -d͡z
DAT ˈʂʈɔi
a -j
fem -ah
ACC d͡zuˈɡeːx
apple -i
sing -w
ACC ɡaˈʔaiʒ
COMP ʁiˈʒɖo
surprise -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -j
fem -in
DAT ɡiteːr
teacher -i
sing -d͡z
DAT

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(30)

Quotes

Nyal expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module markowner:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
-      <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
      <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
      <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
          <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">
    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">
-      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl"/>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing" ph="f u &#x2C8;">fuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="p a &#x2C8; s+t">paˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u x">ux</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc" ph="&#x272; &#x254;i &#x2C8; &#x261;">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x27E;">ɾ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing" ph="f u &#x2C8;">fuˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="&#xF0; i r">ðir</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="w i&#x2D0; &#x2C8;">wiːˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem" attach="suffix" ph="j">j</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="i n">in</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem" ph="p a &#x2C8; s+t">paˈst</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="d&#x361;z">d͡z</thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="z ai &#x2C8; p">zaiˈp</word>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="v ai &#x2C8;">vaiˈ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="suffix" gloss="indicative" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="x">x</thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x14B; i &#x2C8; t&#x361;&#x255;">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl" ph="&#x261; a &#x294; ai &#x2C8; &#x292;">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="masc">n</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ux</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="masc">ɲɔiˈɡ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ɾ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.masc" indobj="3.sing.fem" obj="1excl.sing">fuˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ðir</thingy>
+    <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">wiːˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="fem">j</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">in</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="fem">paˈst</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">d͡z</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">zaiˈp</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">vaiˈ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">x</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="fem" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ŋiˈt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="masc" number="sing" person="1excl">ɡaʔaiˈʒ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;masc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈɲɔiɡ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɾ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈfu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ðir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈwiː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;the&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;fem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈpast&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-d͡z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈzaip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈvai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ˈŋit͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡaˈʔaiʒ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ˈwiːnux ˈɲɔiɡiɾ ˈfux ðir ˈwiːjin ˈpastid͡z ˈzaip ˈvaix ˈŋit͡ɕ ɡaˈʔaiʒ</p>
+  <p>wiinukh ñɔigir fukh ðiŕ wiiyin pastidz zaip vaikh ngity gaqaizh</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-n</o>
+      <g>masc</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ux</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈɲɔiɡ</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɾ</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈfu</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ðir</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈwiː</o>
+      <g>the</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-j</o>
+      <g>fem</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-in</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈpast</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-d͡z</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈzaip</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈvai</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-x</o>
+      <g>POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ˈŋit͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡaˈʔaiʒ</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 31.

Wiinukh ñɔigir fukh ðiŕ wiiyin pastidz zaip vaikh ngity gaqaizh.

[ˈwiːnux ˈɲɔiɡiɾ ˈfux ðir ˈwiːjin ˈpastid͡z ˈzaip ˈvaix ˈŋit͡ɕ ɡaˈʔaiʒ]

ˈwiː
the -n
masc -ux
NOM ˈɲɔiɡ
boy -i
sing -ɾ
NOM ˈfu
tell -x
POS ðir
PAST ˈwiː
the -j
fem -in
DAT ˈpast
girl -i
sing -d͡z
DAT ˈzaip
1excl.sing ˈvai
love -x
POS ˈŋit͡ɕ
2.sing ɡaˈʔaiʒ
COMP

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(31)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Nyal. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 14 September 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/4PV3X

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-4PV3X,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Nyal}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/4PV3X}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 14 September 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Nyal / Nyal–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

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https://languagecreator.org/grammar/4PV3X

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