A Grammar of Susu

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Susu language (the 475th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Susu.

Typological Profile

It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants and a total lack of nasal consonants.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Susu has 10 consonant phonemes, forming a relatively small inventory.

It has a complete absence of bilabial or labiodental consonants, a total lack of nasal consonants and a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Susu. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	alveolar	postalveolar	lateral	palatal	velar	glottal
stop	t				k
fricative	s	ʃ			x	h
approximant			l	j
affricate		t͡ʃ

Vowels

Susu has 5 vowel qualities. This places it within the broadly common range of mid-sized vowel inventories. The vowel chart shows the full set of contrasts employed in the language’s phonology.

It has a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Susu. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	central	back
close	i		u
mid	e		o
open		a

Stress and Tones

Susu has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Susu is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.

The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

а /a/	г /h/	е /e/	и /i/
к /k/	л /l/	о /o/	с /s/
т /t/	у /u/	х /x/	ч /t͡ʃ/
ш /ʃ/	ј /j/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Susu does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Susu does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Susu can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/case/optional
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; o">t͡ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t o x i x">toxix</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" ph="x i j u">xiju</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x o x">xox</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k a t&#x361;&#x283;">kat͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h u x a l">huxal</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; o">t͡ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t o x i x">toxix</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number" ph="x i j u">xiju</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="x o x">xox</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k a t&#x361;&#x283;">kat͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="NOM" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h u x a l">huxal</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" def="def" locus="number" case="ERG">t͡ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">toxix</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" def="def" locus="number">xiju</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">xox</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">kat͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">huxal</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toxix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xiju&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xoʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kat͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;huxal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ʃohuʃ toxix xijuʃet xoʃox xox kat͡ʃ huxal helexuʃet</p>
+  <p>чогуш тохих хијушет хошох хох кач гухал гелехушет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃo</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>toxix</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xiju</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xoʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xox</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kat͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>huxal</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Чогуш тохих хијушет хошох хох кач гухал гелехушет.

[t͡ʃohuʃ toxix xijuʃet xoʃox xox kat͡ʃ huxal helexuʃet]

t͡ʃo
woman -huʃ
ERG toxix
COMIT xiju
knife -ʃet
NOM xoʃ
catch -ox
PAST xox
yon kat͡ʃ
three huxal
blind helexu
mouse -ʃet
NOM

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Susu consists of the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing case, comprising -шет /-ʃet/ ‘NOM’, -гуш /-huʃ/ ‘ERG’, -туш /-tuʃ/ ‘ACC’, -кох /-kox/ ‘DAT’, -тох /-tox/ ‘INS’, -соч /-sot͡ʃ/ ‘VOC’, -кик /-kik/ ‘ALL’, -чиј /-t͡ʃij/ ‘LOC’, -лес /-les/ ‘ABL’ and -чах /-t͡ʃax/ ‘PART’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -хачи /-xat͡ʃi/ ‘little’ and -јути /-juti/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Susu, the adjective has the following structure: an optional prefix expressing case, comprising селе- /sele-/ ‘ERG’, таје- /taje-/ ‘ACC’, хасо- /xaso-/ ‘DAT’, шушу- /ʃuʃu-/ ‘INS’, хашу- /xaʃu-/ ‘VOC’, хати- /xati-/ ‘ALL’, хаја- /xaja-/ ‘LOC’, луча- /lut͡ʃa-/ ‘ABL’ and сете- /sete-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.

Numerals

The numeral in Susu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

The determiner in Susu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Susu stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Susu, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e">ke</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e">ke</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ke</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tot͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tot͡ʃ ke</p>
+  <p>точ ке</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tot͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ke</o>
+      <g>3</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Точ ке.

[tot͡ʃ ke]

tot͡ʃ
love ke
3

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k e">ke</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e">ke</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k e">ke</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="k e">ke</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ke</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ke</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tot͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ke tot͡ʃ ke</p>
+  <p>ке точ ке</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ke</o>
+      <g>3</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tot͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ke</o>
+      <g>3</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Ке точ ке.

[ke tot͡ʃ ke]

ke
3 tot͡ʃ
love ke
3

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Khilakha hates Kostekhi.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Khilakha" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="x i l a x a">xilaxa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="&#x283; a &#x283; u s">ʃaʃus</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Kostekhi" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="k o s+t e x i">kostexi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="t u &#x283;">tuʃ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Khilakha hates Kostekhi.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Khilakha" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes" ph="x i l a x a">xilaxa</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="&#x283; a &#x283; u s">ʃaʃus</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Kostekhi" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes" ph="k o s+t e x i">kostexi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="t u &#x283;">tuʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Khilakha" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" propernoun="yes">xilaxa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">ʃaʃus</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Kostekhi" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" propernoun="yes">kostexi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">tuʃ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xilaxa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Khilakha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃaʃus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kostexi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Kostekhi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-tuʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xilaxaʃet ʃaʃus kostexituʃ</p>
+  <p>Хилахашет шашус Костехитуш</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xilaxa</o>
+      <g>Khilakha</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃaʃus</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kostexi</o>
+      <g>Kostekhi</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-tuʃ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Хилахашет шашус Костехитуш.

[xilaxaʃet ʃaʃus kostexituʃ]

xilaxa
Khilakha -ʃet
NOM ʃaʃus
hate kostexi
Kostekhi -tuʃ
ACC

“Khilakha hates Kostekhi.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃeʃet juʃasiʃet</p>
+  <p>шешет јушасишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃe</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃasi</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

шешет јушасишет

[ʃeʃet juʃasiʃet]

ʃe
boy -ʃet
NOM juʃasi
apple -ʃet
NOM

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
  </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3"/>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e">ke</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e">ke</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="3" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ke</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ke juʃasiʃet</p>
+  <p>ке јушасишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ke</o>
+      <g>3</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃasi</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

ке јушасишет

[ke juʃasiʃet]

ke
3 juʃasi
apple -ʃet
NOM

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
  </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o k">tok</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o k">tok</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">tok</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tok juʃasiʃet</p>
+  <p>ток јушасишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tok</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃasi</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

ток јушасишет

[tok juʃasiʃet]

tok
1excl juʃasi
apple -ʃet
NOM

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" person="2">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
+          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM" person="2">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
          <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="subj" case="ERG">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" person="2">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" case="NOM" person="2">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="subj" case="ERG">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" case="NOM" person="2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
    </np>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG" ph="x o">xo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2" ph="k e x e t">kexet</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="l o h a t a">lohata</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2" ph="h u">hu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG" ph="x o">xo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2" ph="k e x e t">kexet</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="l o h a t a">lohata</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2" ph="h u">hu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="ERG">xo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="2">kexet</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">toʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">lohata</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" person="2">hu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kexeli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kexet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lohata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>kexeliʃet xohuʃ kexetox toʃ lohataʃet huʃet</p>
+  <p>кехелишет хогуш кехетох тош логаташет гушет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>kexeli</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xo</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kexet</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>toʃ</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lohata</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Кехелишет хогуш кехетох тош логаташет гушет.

[kexeliʃet xohuʃ kexetox toʃ lohataʃet huʃet]

kexeli
hunter -ʃet
NOM xo
daughter -huʃ
ERG kexet
kiss -ox
PAST toʃ
2 lohata
neighbour -ʃet
NOM hu
son -ʃet
NOM

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

Susu has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t a t&#x361;&#x283; a">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t a t&#x361;&#x283; a">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃatat͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ʃatat͡ʃaʃet</p>
+  <p>чатачашет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

чатачашет

[t͡ʃatat͡ʃaʃet]

t͡ʃatat͡ʃa
lamb -ʃet
NOM

“a lamb”

(9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t a t&#x361;&#x283; a">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="x a t&#x361;&#x283; i">xat͡ʃi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t a t&#x361;&#x283; a">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="x a t&#x361;&#x283; i">xat͡ʃi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">xat͡ʃi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃatat͡ʃa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-xat͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ʃatat͡ʃaxat͡ʃiʃet</p>
+  <p>чатачахачишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃatat͡ʃa</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-xat͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

чатачахачишет

[t͡ʃatat͡ʃaxat͡ʃiʃet]

t͡ʃatat͡ʃa
lamb -xat͡ʃi
little -ʃet
NOM

“a little lamb”

(10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

There is one type of clitic in the verbal phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing voice. a clitic expressing voice, comprising кол /kol/ ‘passive’.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an optional prefix expressing mode, comprising шули- /ʃuli-/ ‘imperative’, шаса- /ʃasa-/ ‘conditional’ and саша- /saʃa-/ ‘optative’; second, the root; third, an optional suffix expressing ta, comprising -ох /-ox/ ‘PAST’; and finally, fourth, an optional suffix expressing negation, comprising -еч /-et͡ʃ/ ‘NEG’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two suffixes, namely -хело /-xelo/ ‘begin’ and -сиши /-siʃi/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+      <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">toʃ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tot͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tot͡ʃ toʃ</p>
+  <p>точ тош</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tot͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>toʃ</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Точ тош.

[tot͡ʃ toʃ]

tot͡ʃ
love toʃ
2

“I love you.”

(11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="l u t&#x361;&#x283;">lut͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" ph="t a k o">tako</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="l u t&#x361;&#x283;">lut͡ʃ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number" ph="t a k o">tako</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">lut͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" locus="number">tako</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lut͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in_surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tako&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>lut͡ʃ takoʃet</p>
+  <p>луч такошет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>lut͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>in_surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tako</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

луч такошет

[lut͡ʃ takoʃet]

lut͡ʃ
in_surface tako
table -ʃet
NOM

“on the table”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="x e">xe</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" ph="t a t&#x361;&#x283; e k e">tat͡ʃeke</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="x e">xe</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number" ph="t a t&#x361;&#x283; e k e">tat͡ʃeke</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word gloss="to_inside" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">xe</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" locus="number">tat͡ʃeke</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to_inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tat͡ʃeke&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xe tat͡ʃekeʃet</p>
+  <p>хе тачекешет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xe</o>
+      <g>to_inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tat͡ʃeke</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

хе тачекешет

[xe tat͡ʃekeʃet]

xe
to_inside tat͡ʃeke
box -ʃet
NOM

“into the box”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np def="neither" locus="number">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number">
+    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

No change.

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <np def="neither" locus="number" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t o x i x">toxix</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" ph="t o k">tok</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="t o x i x">toxix</word>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number" ph="t o k">tok</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">toxix</word>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" locus="number">tok</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toxix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>toxix tok</p>
+  <p>тохих ток</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>toxix</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tok</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

тохих ток

[toxix tok]

toxix
COMIT tok
1excl

“with me”

(14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Susu employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Susu.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t o s i">t͡ʃatosi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j u &#x283;">juʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t o s i">t͡ʃatosi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j u &#x283;">juʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">t͡ʃatosi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">juʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃatosi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kexeli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ʃatosihuʃ juʃox kexeliʃet</p>
+  <p>чатосигуш јушох кехелишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃatosi</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kexeli</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

Чатосигуш јушох кехелишет.

[t͡ʃatosihuʃ juʃox kexeliʃet]

t͡ʃatosi
jaguar -huʃ
ERG juʃ
kill -ox
PAST kexeli
hunter -ʃet
NOM

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="obj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; u j u k a">ʃujuka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="x o">xo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t e">te</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; u j u k a">ʃujuka</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" ph="x o">xo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="t e">te</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">ʃujuka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">xo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">te</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃujuka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kexeli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;te&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃujukahuʃ joxox kexeliʃet xoʃet teʃet</p>
+  <p>шујукагуш јохох кехелишет хошет тешет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃujuka</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jox</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kexeli</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xo</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>te</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Шујукагуш јохох кехелишет хошет тешет.

[ʃujukahuʃ joxox kexeliʃet xoʃet teʃet]

ʃujuka
lion -huʃ
ERG jox
eat -ox
PAST kexeli
hunter -ʃet
NOM xo
daughter -ʃet
NOM te
dog -ʃet
NOM

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Susu reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Susu expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" number="sing">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
+        <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" person="2">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
  </np>
-        <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-      <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+  <flat>
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="h u">hu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k u">ku</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x u">xu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="h u">hu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2" ph="k u">ku</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM" ph="x u">xu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">toʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">hu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" person="2">ku</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" case="NOM">xu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>toʃ huʃet kuʃet xuʃet</p>
+  <p>тош гушет кушет хушет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>toʃ</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hu</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ku</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xu</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

тош гушет кушет хушет

[toʃ huʃet kuʃet xuʃet]

toʃ
2 hu
son -ʃet
NOM ku
friend -ʃet
NOM xu
book -ʃet
NOM

“your son’s friend’s book”

(17)

Case Marking

Susu uses split case marking. In the present tense, the grammar follows a nominative–accusative pattern, where intransitive and transitive subjects are treated alike and objects are marked with the accusative. In the past tense, however, it follows an ergative–absolutive pattern, here called ergative–nominative, where intransitive subjects and transitive objects are treated alike and transitive subjects are marked with the ergative. This makes sense because present-tense clauses often describe events as ongoing, habitual or controlled by an active participant, so the grammar treats the subject as the central argument. Past-tense clauses, by contrast, often present an event as completed, making the affected participant especially salient. The ergative marking then singles out the transitive agent as the additional participant responsible for bringing about that result.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="t a l">tal</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="t a l">tal</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3">tal</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃoʃet tal</p>
+  <p>шошет тал</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tal</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Шошет тал.

[ʃoʃet tal]

ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM tal
sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="h a x">hax</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" ph="h a x">hax</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3">hax</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃoʃet hax</p>
+  <p>шошет гах</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hax</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Шошет гах.

[ʃoʃet hax]

ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM hax
run

“The cat is running.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got ACC

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; i s u s">t͡ʃisus</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="t u &#x283;">tuʃ</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; i s u s">t͡ʃisus</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC" attach="suffix" ph="t u &#x283;">tuʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3" obj="3">t͡ʃisus</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ACC">tuʃ</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃisus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-tuʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃoʃet t͡ʃisus helexutuʃ</p>
+  <p>шошет чисус гелехутуш</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃisus</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-tuʃ</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Шошет чисус гелехутуш.

[ʃoʃet t͡ʃisus helexutuʃ]

ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM t͡ʃisus
chase helexu
mouse -tuʃ
ACC

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ERG">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xoʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃohuʃ xoʃox helexuʃet</p>
+  <p>шогуш хошох гелехушет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xoʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Шогуш хошох гелехушет.

[ʃohuʃ xoʃox helexuʃet]

ʃo
cat -huʃ
ERG xoʃ
catch -ox
PAST helexu
mouse -ʃet
NOM

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="plur">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j u &#x283;">juʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t o s i">t͡ʃatosi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s o l">sol</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t o s+t a k a">tostaka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s o l">sol</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u j u k a">ʃujuka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="k e x e l i">kexeli</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j u &#x283;">juʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; a t o s i">t͡ʃatosi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s o l">sol</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="t o s+t a k a">tostaka</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="s o l">sol</word>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u j u k a">ʃujuka</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">kexeli</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">juʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">t͡ʃatosi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">sol</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">tostaka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">sol</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" locus="number" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">ʃujuka</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kexeli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃatosi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tostaka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃujuka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>kexelihuʃ juʃox t͡ʃatosiʃet sol tostakaʃet sol ʃujukaʃet</p>
+  <p>кехелигуш јушох чатосишет сол тостакашет сол шујукашет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>kexeli</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃ</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃatosi</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sol</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tostaka</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sol</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃujuka</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Кехелигуш јушох чатосишет сол тостакашет сол шујукашет.

[kexelihuʃ juʃox t͡ʃatosiʃet sol tostakaʃet sol ʃujukaʃet]

kexeli
hunter -huʃ
ERG juʃ
kill -ox
PAST t͡ʃatosi
jaguar -ʃet
NOM sol
and tostaka
tiger -ʃet
NOM sol
and ʃujuka
lion -ʃet
NOM

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Susu provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Susu forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" obj="3">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xulas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xulasox ʃoʃet</p>
+  <p>хуласох шошет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xulas</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Хуласох шошет.

[xulasox ʃoʃet]

xulas
pat -ox
PAST ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
+    <np id="parent" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xulas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xoʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet</p>
+  <p>хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xulas</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xoʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет.

[xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet]

xulas
pat -ox
PAST ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON xoʃ
catch -ox
PAST helexu
mouse -ʃet
NOM

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
+    <np id="parent" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
+        <np id="parent" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
+            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
+        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+              <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
-          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="l a l a t&#x361;&#x283; i">lalat͡ʃi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="l a l a t&#x361;&#x283; i">lalat͡ʃi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" obj="3">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">lalat͡ʃi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xulas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xoʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lalat͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet, haj joxox lalat͡ʃiʃet</p>
+  <p>хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет, гај јохох лалачишет</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xulas</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xoʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jox</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lalat͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет, гај јохох лалачишет.

[xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet, haj joxox lalat͡ʃiʃet]

xulas
pat -ox
PAST ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON xoʃ
catch -ox
PAST helexu
mouse -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON jox
eat -ox
PAST lalat͡ʃi
cheese -ʃet
NOM

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
+    <np id="parent" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
+        <np id="parent" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
+            <np id="parent" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
+        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" number="sing">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
+            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" number="sing">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
+        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
+            <np id="parent" case="ERG">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" case="ERG">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM

addaffixes:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+        <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+            <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+              <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
              <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" case="ERG">
              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
+                <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
+                  <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
                  <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
                </vp>
                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" case="ERG">
-          <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" case="ERG">
-              <np def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="l a l a t&#x361;&#x283; i">lalat͡ʃi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="h a j">haj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl" ph="k a l">kal</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" comma="after" ph="t o k">tok</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl" ph="x u l a s">xulas</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="&#x283; o">ʃo</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="x o &#x283;">xoʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="h e l e x u">helexu</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" ph="j o x">jox</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" ph="l a l a t&#x361;&#x283; i">lalat͡ʃi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM" ph="h a j">haj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl" ph="k a l">kal</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" comma="after" ph="t o k">tok</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl">xulas</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">ʃo</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">xoʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">helexu</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="ERG">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3">jox</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp">lalat͡ʃi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet,</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="NOM">haj</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3" subj="1excl">kal</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" comma="after">tok</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xulas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xoʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;helexu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;jox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;lalat͡ʃi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;haj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet, haj joxox lalat͡ʃiʃet, haj kalox tok</p>
+  <p>хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет, гај јохох лалачишет, гај калох ток</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>xulas</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃo</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xoʃ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>helexu</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>jox</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>lalat͡ʃi</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>haj</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kal</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tok</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Хуласох шошет, гај хошох гелехушет, гај јохох лалачишет, гај калох ток.

[xulasox ʃoʃet, haj xoʃox helexuʃet, haj joxox lalat͡ʃiʃet, haj kalox tok]

xulas
pat -ox
PAST ʃo
cat -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON xoʃ
catch -ox
PAST helexu
mouse -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON jox
eat -ox
PAST lalat͡ʃi
cheese -ʃet
NOM haj
RELPRON kal
buy -ox
PAST tok
1excl

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Susu introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
      <subs>
        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
+          <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="ERG">
-      <subs>
-        <np def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-        </np>
-        <np role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG"/>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3" ph="&#x283; a x">ʃax</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a">xa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" ph="s e k i k">sekik</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="s i l a j">silaj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a l i k o">xaliko</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3" ph="&#x283; a x">ʃax</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a">xa</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="j u &#x283; a s i">juʃasi</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="&#x283; e t">ʃet</thingy>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG" ph="s e k i k">sekik</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" ph="s i l a j">silaj</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a l i k o">xaliko</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="3">ʃax</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">xa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">kox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" role="obj" locus="number" case="NOM">juʃasi</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ʃet</thingy>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="subj" case="ERG">sekik</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3">silaj</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">xaliko</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">kox</thingy>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-kox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;juʃasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ʃet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;NOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sekik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;silaj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xaliko&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-kox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃehuʃ ʃaxox xakox juʃasiʃet sekik silajox xalikokox</p>
+  <p>шегуш шахох хакох јушасишет секик силајох халикокох</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃe</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃax</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xa</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-kox</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>juʃasi</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ʃet</o>
+      <g>NOM</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sekik</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>silaj</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xaliko</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-kox</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Шегуш шахох хакох јушасишет секик силајох халикокох.

[ʃehuʃ ʃaxox xakox juʃasiʃet sekik silajox xalikokox]

ʃe
boy -huʃ
ERG ʃax
give -ox
PAST xa
girl -kox
DAT juʃasi
apple -ʃet
NOM sekik
COMP silaj
surprise -ox
PAST xaliko
teacher -kox
DAT

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Susu expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module complementise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <subs>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <subs>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
      <subs>
        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-          <word person="1excl" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <subs>
-        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl"/>
+          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2"/>
+          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
-        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/case/obligatory
Got ERG
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/negation/optional
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/case/obligatory
Got DAT
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/negation/optional
Got POS

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
+      <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
      <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
+      <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <subs>
        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
+          <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
          <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
        <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
      </subs>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">
+  <flat>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <subs>
-        <np def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"/>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT"/>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl" ph="h e k">hek</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a">xa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t o k">tok</word>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="s e k i k">sekik</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG" ph="&#x283; e">ʃe</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG" attach="suffix" ph="h u &#x283;">huʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl" ph="h e k">hek</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o x">ox</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" ph="x a">xa</word>
-    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT" attach="suffix" ph="k o x">kox</thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="t o k">tok</word>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2" ph="t o t&#x361;&#x283;">tot͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="t o &#x283;">toʃ</word>
-    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl" ph="s e k i k">sekik</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ERG">ʃe</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ERG">huʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3" indobj="3" obj="1excl">hek</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">ox</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">xa</word>
+    <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="DAT">kox</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" posp="pron" gloss="1excl" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">tok</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl" obj="2">tot͡ʃ</word>
+    <word person="2" posp="pron" gloss="2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">toʃ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMP" posp="pp" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="NOM" person="1excl">sekik</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-huʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ERG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;xa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-kox&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;DAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tot͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;toʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sekik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃehuʃ hekox xakox tok tot͡ʃ toʃ sekik</p>
+  <p>шегуш гекох хакох ток точ тош секик</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃe</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-huʃ</o>
+      <g>ERG</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hek</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ox</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>xa</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-kox</o>
+      <g>DAT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tok</o>
+      <g>1excl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tot͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>toʃ</o>
+      <g>2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sekik</o>
+      <g>COMP</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Шегуш гекох хакох ток точ тош секик.

[ʃehuʃ hekox xakox tok tot͡ʃ toʃ sekik]

ʃe
boy -huʃ
ERG hek
tell -ox
PAST xa
girl -kox
DAT tok
1excl tot͡ʃ
love toʃ
2 sekik
COMP

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Susu. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 25 June 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/59RUU

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-59RUU,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Susu}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/59RUU}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 25 June 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Susu / Susu–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/59RUU

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

Language creation took 0.03 seconds; writing the grammar 0.05 seconds.