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A Grammar of Gay

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Gay language (the 1792nd one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Gay.

Typological Profile

It has proper polysynthesis and postpositions.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Gay has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 27 phonemes.

It has a complete absence of affricates, a notably rich set of sibilant contrasts, a broad set of voiced–voiceless oppositions, a modest (but clearly contrastive) set of labialised consonants and a complete absence of laryngeal consonants.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Gay. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

labialalveolarpostalveolarlateralpalatalvelarlab. velar
stopp b d t c ɟ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ
ejective stopkʼ kʷʼ
nasalm n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ
trill/tap/flapr
fricativef s z ʃ ʒ
approximantw l j

Vowels

Gay has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a modest but genuine inventory of nasal vowels, an unusually fine-grained height system distinguishing four levels and a moderately reduced system of unstressed vowels.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Gay. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

frontcentralback
closei u
mide ə̃ o
open-midɛ ɔ
opena

Stress and Tones

Gay has phonemic stress but no lexical tone. Stress consistently falls on the first vowel of the root, and no contrastive tonal distinctions are made.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /u/, /e/ becomes /o/, /ɛ/ becomes /ɔ/.

Writing System

Introduction

Gay is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

a /a/b /b/d /d/e /e/
f /f/g /ɡ/i /i/j /j/
k /k/l /l/m /m/n /n/
o /ɔ/p /p/r /r/s /s/
t /t/u /u/w /w/z /z/
æ /ɛ/ñ /ɲ/ó /o/ẽ /ə̃/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

dy /ɟ/gk /kʼ/gqu /kʼʷ/
gw /ɡʷ/ng /ŋ/ngw /ŋʷ/
qu /kʷ/sh /ʃ/ty /c/
zh /ʒ/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Gay does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Gay does not have genders or noun classes.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Gay can be exemplified by the following example:

Mótyógk pujógkaqu minæt zhóng gangurap kængw regqu shatyadep.

[ˈmocokʼ ˈpujokʼakʷ miˈnɛt ˈʒoŋ ɡaˈŋurap ˈkɛŋʷ ˈrekʼʷ ˈʃacadep]

ˈmoc
woman -ekʼ
sing ˈpuj
knife -ekʼ
sing -akʷ
LOC miˈnɛt
COMIT ˈʒoŋ
blind ɡaˈŋur
mouse -ap
plur ˈkɛŋʷ
three ˈre
yon -kʼʷ
plur ˈʃac
catch -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

 (1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Gay consists of first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -egk /-ekʼ/ ‘sing’ and -ap /-ap/ ‘plur’; and finally, third, an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -ef /-ef/ ‘DAT’, -aj /-aj/ ‘INS’, -ew /-ew/ ‘VOC’, -es /-es/ ‘ALL’, -aqu /-akʷ/ ‘LOC’, -iqu /-ikʷ/ ‘ABL’ and -iñ /-iɲ/ ‘PART’.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 39 suffixes, namely -esh /-eʃ/ ‘little’, -aw /-aw/ ‘big’, -agk /-akʼ/ ‘old’, -ingw /-iŋʷ/ ‘new’, -ig /-iɡ/ ‘good’, -ej /-ej/ ‘bad’, -il /-il/ ‘make’, -en /-en/ ‘help’, -ash /-aʃ/ ‘have’, -equ /-ekʷ/ ‘use’, -eñ /-eɲ/ ‘see’, -ab /-ab/ ‘break’, -az /-az/ ‘eat’, -ady /-aɟ/ ‘drink’, -eng /-eŋ/ ‘wear’, -eb /-eb/ ‘own’, -im /-im/ ‘contain’, -ang /-aŋ/ ‘hold’, -ety /-ec/ ‘lack’, -igqu /-ikʼʷ/ ‘touch’, -an /-an/ ‘carry’, -aj /-aj/ ‘find’, -ag /-aɡ/ ‘hunt’, -ap /-ap/ ‘guard’, -er /-er/ ‘search’, -angw /-aŋʷ/ ‘learn’, -egk /-ekʼ/ ‘teach’, -izh /-iʒ/ ‘follow’, -am /-am/ ‘chase’, -it /-it/ ‘build’, -id /-id/ ‘burn’, -if /-if/ ‘hit’, -el /-el/ ‘take’, -igk /-ikʼ/ ‘cut’, -ak /-ak/ ‘hear’, -engw /-eŋʷ/ ‘know’, -ity /-ic/ ‘love’, -ish /-iʃ/ ‘protect’ and -em /-em/ ‘possess’

The Adjective

The adjective in Gay stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Numerals

The morphology of the numerals is as follows: the root followed by an optional suffix expressing case, comprising -af /-af/ ‘DAT’, -ij /-ij/ ‘INS’, -ik /-ik/ ‘VOC’, -el /-el/ ‘ALL’, -en /-en/ ‘LOC’, -ip /-ip/ ‘ABL’ and -eng /-eŋ/ ‘PART’.

Determiners

In Gay, the determiner has the following structure: the root followed by an obligatory suffix expressing number, comprising -j /-j/ ‘sing’ and -gqu /-kʼʷ/ ‘plur’.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Gay stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

In Gay, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

Zhẽgwityedep.

[ˈʒə̃ɡʷicedep]

ˈʒə̃ɡʷ
girl -ic
love -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

 (2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

Dash zhẽgwityedep.

[ˈdaʃ ˈʒə̃ɡʷicedep]

ˈdaʃ
3.sing ˈʒə̃ɡʷ
girl -ic
love -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“He loves her.”

 (3)

Proper Nouns

Zukótógk Sidyipegk lasikedep.

[zuˈkotokʼ siˈɟipekʼ laˈsikedep]

ziˈkot
Zikot -ekʼ
sing siˈɟip
Sijip -ekʼ
sing laˈsik
hate -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“Zikot hates Sijip.”

 (4)

Possession

faquegk nashazegk

[ˈfakʷekʼ naˈʃazekʼ]

ˈfakʷ
boy -ekʼ
sing naˈʃaz
apple -ekʼ
sing

“the boy’s apple”

 (5)
dash nashazegk

[ˈdaʃ naˈʃazekʼ]

ˈdaʃ
3.sing naˈʃaz
apple -ekʼ
sing

“his (the boy’s) apple”

 (6)
ngugw nashazegk

[ˈŋuɡʷ naˈʃazekʼ]

ˈŋuɡʷ
1excl.sing naˈʃaz
apple -ekʼ
sing

“my apple”

 (7)
Lanówógk zhanegk zhom daquimegk tutógk gkabungwadep.

[laˈnowokʼ ˈʒanekʼ ˈʒɔm daˈkʷimekʼ ˈtutokʼ kʼaˈbuŋʷadep]

laˈnow
hunter -ekʼ
sing ˈʒan
daughter -ekʼ
sing ˈʒɔm
2.sing daˈkʷim
neighbour -ekʼ
sing ˈtut
son -ekʼ
sing kʼaˈbuŋʷ
kiss -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

 (8)

Derivation

góngubógk

[ɡoˈŋubokʼ]

ɡeˈŋub
lamb -ekʼ
sing

“a lamb”

 (9)
góngubóshegk

[ɡoˈŋuboʃekʼ]

ɡeˈŋub
lamb -eʃ
little -ekʼ
sing

“a little lamb”

 (10)
Góngubóshashadep.

[ɡoˈŋuboʃaʃadep]

ɡeˈŋub
lamb -eʃ
little -aʃ
have -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“She had a little lamb.”

 (11)
Góngubóshasharadep.

[ɡoˈŋuboʃaʃaradep]

ɡeˈŋub
lamb -eʃ
little -aʃ
have -ar
want -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“She wanted to have a little lamb.”

 (12)
Góngubóshegk lestadep ñukóz bobadep gwit.

[ɡoˈŋuboʃekʼ ˈlestadep ɲuˈkoz ˈbɔbadep ˈɡʷit]

ɡeˈŋub
lamb -eʃ
little -ekʼ
sing ˈlest
have -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɲiˈkoz
COMP ˈbɔb
want -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈɡʷit
often

“She often wanted to have a little lamb.”

 (13)
Dash góngubóshegk lestadep ñukóz bobadep gwit ñukóz gwinadep ñukóz fadediigqu?

[ˈdaʃ ɡoˈŋuboʃekʼ ˈlestadep ɲuˈkoz ˈbɔbadep ˈɡʷit ɲuˈkoz ˈɡʷinadep ɲuˈkoz ˈfadediikʼʷ]

ˈdaʃ
3.sing ɡeˈŋub
lamb -eʃ
little -ekʼ
sing ˈlest
have -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɲiˈkoz
COMP ˈbɔb
want -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈɡʷit
often ɲiˈkoz
COMP ˈɡʷin
think -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɲiˈkoz
COMP ˈfad
be -e
PRES -d
indicative -i
NEG -ikʼʷ
Q

“Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?”

 (14)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, the root; second, an obligatory suffix expressing ta, comprising -e /-e/ ‘PRES’ and -a /-a/ ‘PAST’; third, an obligatory suffix expressing mode, comprising -d /-d/ ‘indicative’, -qu /-kʷ/ ‘imperative’, -gqu /-kʼʷ/ ‘conditional’ and -f /-f/ ‘optative’; fourth, an optional suffix expressing voice, comprising -as /-as/ ‘passive’; fifth, an obligatory suffix expressing negation, comprising -i /-i/ ‘NEG’ and -ep /-ep/ ‘POS’; and finally, sixth, an optional suffix expressing question, comprising -igqu /-ikʼʷ/ ‘Q’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 19 suffixes, namely -at /-at/ ‘begin’, -ad /-ad/ ‘stop’, -ib /-ib/ ‘continue’, -ij /-ij/ ‘try’, -igw /-iɡʷ/ ‘start’, -ar /-ar/ ‘want’, -aty /-ac/ ‘can’, -azh /-aʒ/ ‘finish’, -in /-in/ ‘need’, -ir /-ir/ ‘decide’, -aqu /-akʷ/ ‘fail’, -iz /-iz/ ‘hope’, -iw /-iw/ ‘must’, -egqu /-ekʼʷ/ ‘pretend’, -ep /-ep/ ‘let’, -al /-al/ ‘force’, -af /-af/ ‘keep’, -iqu /-ikʷ/ ‘cause’ and -is /-is/ ‘allow’

Zhom siledep.

[ˈʒɔm ˈsiledep]

ˈʒɔm
2.sing ˈsil
love -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“I love you.”

 (15)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

gkæjegk zhosógk gwish

[ˈkʼɛjekʼ ˈʒɔsokʼ ˈɡʷiʃ]

ˈkʼɛj
table -ekʼ
sing ˈʒɔs
surface -ekʼ
sing ˈɡʷiʃ
in

“on the table”

 (16)
bafógógk zhizegk zhoqu

[baˈfoɡokʼ ˈʒizekʼ ˈʒɔkʷ]

baˈfoɡ
box -ekʼ
sing ˈʒiz
inside -ekʼ
sing ˈʒɔkʷ
to

“into the box”

 (17)
ngugw minæt

[ˈŋuɡʷ miˈnɛt]

ˈŋuɡʷ
1excl.sing miˈnɛt
COMIT

“with me”

 (18)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Gay has basic Subject–Object–Verb (SOV) word order. The subject precedes the object, and the verb appears at the end of the clause. This is one of the most frequent patterns cross-linguistically.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Gay.

Ñemægwegk lanówógk dimadep.

[ɲeˈmɛɡʷekʼ laˈnowokʼ ˈdimadep]

ɲeˈmɛɡʷ
jaguar -ekʼ
sing laˈnow
hunter -ekʼ
sing ˈdim
kill -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

 (19)
Ngwequemegk lanówógk zhanegk gkægwegk gætyadep.

[ŋʷeˈkʷemekʼ laˈnowokʼ ˈʒanekʼ ˈkʼɛɡʷekʼ ˈɡɛcadep]

ŋʷeˈkʷem
lion -ekʼ
sing laˈnow
hunter -ekʼ
sing ˈʒan
daughter -ekʼ
sing ˈkʼɛɡʷ
dog -ekʼ
sing ˈɡɛc
eat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

 (20)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Gay reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Gay expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.

zhom tutógk gkógógk bukógk

[ˈʒɔm ˈtutokʼ ˈkʼoɡokʼ bukokʼ]

ˈʒɔm
2.sing ˈtut
son -ekʼ
sing ˈkʼoɡ
friend -ekʼ
sing buk
book -ekʼ
sing

“your son’s friend’s book”

 (21)

Case Marking

Gay does not use case marking to distinguish the core participants of the clause. There is therefore no regular nominative, accusative, ergative, active or stative marking on subjects and objects. Instead, the roles of the participants are identified by other means, cf. the examples below.

Pityegk gkishedep.

[ˈpicekʼ ˈkʼiʃedep]

ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ˈkʼiʃ
sleep -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The cat is sleeping.”

 (22)
Pityegk shẽjedep.

[ˈpicekʼ ˈʃə̃jedep]

ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ˈʃə̃j
run -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The cat is running.”

 (23)
Pityegk ganguramedep.

[ˈpicekʼ ɡaˈŋuramedep]

ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ɡaˈŋur
mouse -am
chase -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

 (24)
Pityegk gangurógk shatyadep.

[ˈpicekʼ ɡaˈŋurokʼ ˈʃacadep]

ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ɡaˈŋur
mouse -ekʼ
sing ˈʃac
catch -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The cat caught the mouse.”

 (25)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

Lanówógk ñemægwap ngwish tiñigquap ngwish ngwequemap dimadep.

[laˈnowokʼ ɲeˈmɛɡʷap ˈŋʷiʃ tiˈɲikʼʷap ˈŋʷiʃ ŋʷeˈkʷemap ˈdimadep]

laˈnow
hunter -ekʼ
sing ɲeˈmɛɡʷ
jaguar -ap
plur ˈŋʷiʃ
and tiˈɲikʼʷ
tiger -ap
plur ˈŋʷiʃ
and ŋʷeˈkʷem
lion -ap
plur ˈdim
kill -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

 (26)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Gay provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Gay forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

Pityegk kutyuzadep.

[ˈpicekʼ kuˈcuzadep]

ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing kiˈcuz
pat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“I patted the cat.”

 (27)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

Kutyuzadep pityegk, shogqu shatyadep gangurógk.

[kuˈcuzadep ˈpicekʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ ˈʃacadep ɡaˈŋurokʼ]

kiˈcuz
pat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON ˈʃac
catch -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɡaˈŋur
mouse -ekʼ
sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

 (28)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

Kutyuzadep pityegk, shogqu shatyadep gangurógk, shogqu figkady,azadep.

[kuˈcuzadep ˈpicekʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ ˈʃacadep ɡaˈŋurokʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ fiˈkʼaɟ,azadep]

kiˈcuz
pat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON ˈʃac
catch -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɡaˈŋur
mouse -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON fiˈkʼaɟ
cheese -az
eat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

 (29)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

Kutyuzadep pityegk, shogqu shatyadep gangurógk, shogqu gætyadep figkadyegk, shogqu dyogadep ngugw.

[kuˈcuzadep ˈpicekʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ ˈʃacadep ɡaˈŋurokʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ ˈɡɛcadep fiˈkʼaɟekʼ, ˈʃɔkʼʷ ˈɟɔɡadep ˈŋuɡʷ]

kiˈcuz
pat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈpic
cat -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON ˈʃac
catch -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɡaˈŋur
mouse -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON ˈɡɛc
eat -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS fiˈkʼaɟ
cheese -ekʼ
sing ˈʃɔkʼʷ
RELPRON ˈɟɔɡ
buy -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ˈŋuɡʷ
1excl.sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

 (30)

Complementation Strategies

Gay introduces complement clauses with a dedicated complementiser, similar to English that. The complementiser appears at the beginning of the embedded clause and signals that the clause functions as a syntactic argument. The embedded clause is fully finite and displays the same tense, aspect and agreement patterns as independent clauses.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

Faquegk zhẽgwegk nashazegk gidadep ñukóz tyishə̃legk gkabagquadep.

[ˈfakʷekʼ ˈʒə̃ɡʷekʼ naˈʃazekʼ ˈɡidadep ɲuˈkoz ciʃə̃lekʼ kʼaˈbakʼʷadep]

ˈfakʷ
boy -ekʼ
sing ˈʒə̃ɡʷ
girl -ekʼ
sing naˈʃaz
apple -ekʼ
sing ˈɡid
give -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS ɲiˈkoz
COMP ciʃə̃l
teacher -ekʼ
sing kʼaˈbakʼʷ
surprise -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

 (31)

Quotes

Gay employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

Faquegk zhẽgwegk ngugw zhom siledep ñukóz jowadep.

[ˈfakʷekʼ ˈʒə̃ɡʷekʼ ˈŋuɡʷ ˈʒɔm ˈsiledep ɲuˈkoz ˈjɔwadep]

ˈfakʷ
boy -ekʼ
sing ˈʒə̃ɡʷ
girl -ekʼ
sing ˈŋuɡʷ
1excl.sing ˈʒɔm
2.sing ˈsil
love -e
PRES -d
indicative -ep
POS ɲiˈkoz
COMP ˈjɔw
tell -a
PAST -d
indicative -ep
POS

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

 (32)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Gay. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 6 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5LP7E

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-5LP7E,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Gay}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5LP7E}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 6 October 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Gay / Gay–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5LP7E

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

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Language creation took 0.03 seconds; writing the grammar 0.07 seconds.