A Grammar of Fe

Introduction

Scope and Purpose

This grammar provides a systematic description of the Fe language (the 538th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.

The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Fe.

Typological Profile

It has a rich system of noun classes.

Phonology

Phoneme Inventory

Consonants

Fe has a moderately large consonant inventory, with 27 phonemes.

It has a notably rich set of sibilant contrasts and a system with marginal but genuine retroflex contrasts.

The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Fe. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.

	labial	alveolar	postalveolar	alveolo-palatal	lateral	palatal	retroflex	velar	glottal
stop	p b	d t					ɖ ʈ	k ɡ
nasal	m	n				ɲ	ɳ	ŋ
trill/tap/flap		r					ɽ
fricative	f	s	ʃ				ʂ		h
approximant	w				l	j
affricate			t͡ʃ	t͡ɕ
implosive	ɓ

Vowels

Fe has 8 vowel qualities, forming a relatively large inventory. The system distinguishes several vowel categories, as indicated in the chart, offering a wide range of vocalic contrasts.

It has a maximally “square” vowel system balancing heights across backness.

The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Fe. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.

	front	back
close	i	u
mid	e	o
open	æ	ɑ

Stress and Tones

Fe has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.

Phonological Processes

Vowel Harmony

Vowel harmony does not exist in this language.

Writing System

Introduction

Fe is normally written using the Cyrillic alphabet, a script with a long and varied history across Eastern Europe and northern Asia. In this grammar, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also used to give an unambiguous representation of sound.

The conventions adopted here follow standard Cyrillic practice for the language where that exists; where they do not, the IPA transcription should be taken as authoritative.

Orthography

Here are the various components of the orthography:

Simple letters

а /ɑ/	б /b/	б̱ /ɓ/	в /w/
г /h/	д /d/	д̇ /ɖ/	е /e/
и /i/	к /k/	л /l/	м /m/
н /n/	н̇ /ɳ/	о /o/	п /p/
р /r/	р̇ /ɽ/	с /s/	с̇ /ʂ/
т /t/	т̇ /ʈ/	у /u/	ф /f/
ч /t͡ʃ/	ш /ʃ/	ј /j/	њ /ɲ/
ћ /t͡ɕ/	ґ /ɡ/	ӈ /ŋ/	ә /æ/

Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs

аа /ɑː/	ай /ai/	аў /au/
ее /eː/	ии /iː/	оо /oː/
уу /uː/	әә /æː/

Word Classes and Morphology

Number and Gender

Number

Fe does not have grammatical number.

Gender

Fe has the following noun classes:

Class cl.1 – for instance: б̱ачииб ‘lamb’, вачиим ‘snake’, гайӈ ‘animal’, д̇еек ‘nose’, дур̇ ‘ear’, кењ ‘cat’, лијайр ‘wild boar’, муп ‘dog’, нәћайф ‘tiger’, нәґаўн ‘jaguar’, р̇адаћ ‘worm’, рәсиир ‘lion’, с̇асид̇ ‘louse’, сииј ‘fish’, т̇еб̱ ‘bird’, фуњул ‘mammal’, чул ‘tongue’, шуњаўс ‘mouse’, ћуч ‘eye’.

Class cl.2 – for instance: бикег ‘river’, вәћууб ‘lake’, даўр ‘human being’, деел ‘boy’, дәћайг ‘bark’, мәӈ ‘son’, раб̱ ‘people’, таћ ‘man’, тәр ‘father’, шаләәч ‘God’, ћайв ‘child’, ћел ‘sea’, ћид̇ ‘husband’.

Class cl.3 – for instance: бем ‘water’, вәбус ‘dust’, вәәл ‘leg’, гоћуј ‘urine’, ки ‘rain’, комәј ‘salt’, муу ‘fire’, н̇афес̇ ‘slime’, наӈ ‘hair’, педуул ‘money’, р̇ифоф ‘flower’, раат̇ ‘hand’, рошуб ‘smoke’, самеӈ ‘sand’, фичайб ‘fog’, фулаўћ ‘ash’, фәдоб̱ ‘faeces’, шанид ‘snow’, ґес̇ ‘mouth’, ӈопуур̇ ‘breath’.

Class cl.4 – for instance: б̱әнуп ‘net’, д̇есог ‘mortar’, даўт ‘knife’, кемут̇ ‘rope’, нуч ‘surface’, пеӈел ‘binoculars’, сијер̇ ‘umbrella’, фооб̱ ‘tree’, јәдеп ‘machine’, ћааћ ‘leaf’, ґекод̇ ‘grass’, ґосооч ‘plain’.

Class cl.5 – for instance: б̱ен̇ ‘mother’, б̱уук ‘face’, гап ‘girl’, р̇оол ‘sun’, шуум ‘daughter’, јећ ‘wife’, њиб̱ ‘woman’, ґур̇айф ‘breast’.

Class cl.6 – for instance: б̱епуф ‘box’, б̱иир ‘road’, воф ‘fruit’, дееф ‘chair’, китааб ‘book’, н̇оњиӈ ‘bottle’, нәњ ‘bed’, пәәт̇ ‘manner’, с̇әґаад̇ ‘apple’, т̇ањ ‘meat’, теӈ ‘table’, тојог ‘cheese’, фоод̇ ‘idea’, шееф ‘egg’, шәәл ‘speech’, јәӈаал ‘wheat’, њопуб̱ ‘tower’, ћаас̇ ‘house’, ӈиис ‘colour’.

Class cl.7 – for instance: ваћ ‘name’, дукайг ‘neck’, кек ‘friend’, кәлиим ‘teacher’, лит̇ай ‘hunter’, миис ‘blood’, нем ‘city’, с̇од̇уӈ ‘embrace’, фићаўс̇ ‘farmer’, чер̇иб̱ ‘neighbour’, ћен̇иит̇ ‘anus’, ґимуун ‘dialect’.

Class cl.8 – for instance: бес ‘bone’, кем ‘top’, мааф ‘night’, наам ‘inside’, некун̇ ‘horn’, нәлал ‘brick’, сојоф ‘vagina’, т̇ад̇ ‘day’, фин ‘tooth’, фод̇ ‘time’, шиид ‘sound’, јәбит ‘fingernail’, ћоњ ‘year’, ґиј ‘stone’.

Class cl.9 – for instance: б̱оћ ‘earth’, букид ‘cloud’, веґәј ‘forest’, гулуус̇ ‘stick’, д̇әњ ‘head’, дал ‘language’, лувич ‘ice’, нурайћ ‘mountain’, пуф ‘land’, с̇айв ‘moon’, соњ ‘wind’, тадеӈ ‘tail’, чоб ‘sky’, јәч ‘skin’, ћег ‘star’.

Class cl.10 – for instance: баам ‘back’, гид ‘west’, гојайш ‘guts’, д̇әәм ‘north’, куӈ ‘heart’, ләпен̇ ‘knee’, н̇ињон ‘belly’, нит ‘south’, шууӈ ‘east’, њәмор ‘liver’, ћәӈас ‘seed’, ӈиґод̇ ‘root’.

Class cl.11 – for instance: басаар ‘market’, губ̱уј ‘wing’, д̇әм ‘foot’, даб̱әәв ‘bosom’, дувоод̇ ‘court’, лиґәњ ‘penis’, лорер ‘feather’, мәрәәс ‘school’, петуф ‘restaurant’, фе ‘Fe’, чайф ‘fight’, шир̇ос̇ ‘religion’, шодаај ‘library’, њәс̇ор̇ ‘medicine’, ћифиф ‘student’, ґуӈеег ‘bank’.

The Nominal Phrase

Nominal phrases in Fe can be exemplified by the following example:

initial XML:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>woman</noun>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>knife</noun>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
      <adj>blind</adj>
      <num>three</num>
      <det>yon</det>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>woman</noun>
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>knife</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
-      <adj>blind</adj>
-      <num>three</num>
-      <det>yon</det>
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module constorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
-        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
-      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-      <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
+      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.5.POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.plur.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for yon/det/case.gender/optional
Got ACC.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for blind/adj/case/optional
Got ACC
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got plur

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"/>
      <pp role="comitative">
        <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
        </np>
      </pp>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1"/>
      <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
      <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
      <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"/>
-      <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
-        </np>
-      </pp>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1"/>
    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" ph="&#x272; i &#x253;">ɲiɓ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="s u &#x256; au w">suɖauw</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="d au t">daut</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; &#xE6;">ɳæ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i h">ih</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="&#x283; &#xE6;">ʃæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="w au j">wauj</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n o">no</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u r">t͡ʃur</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="h &#x251; n">hɑn</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5" ph="&#x272; i &#x253;">ɲiɓ</word>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="s u &#x256; au w">suɖauw</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="d au t">daut</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; &#xE6;">ɳæ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i h">ih</thingy>
-    <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="&#x283; &#xE6;">ʃæ</thingy>
-    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="w au j">wauj</word>
-    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC" attach="prefix" ph="n o">no</thingy>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; u r">t͡ʃur</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
-    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="h &#x251; n">hɑn</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.5">ɲiɓ</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">suɖauw</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">daut</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS">ɳæ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.plur.cl.1">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ">ih</thingy>
+    <thingy type="detcase.gender" function="prefix" gloss="ACC.cl.1">ʃæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">wauj</word>
+    <thingy type="adjcase" function="prefix" gloss="ACC">no</thingy>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">t͡ʃur</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">hɑn</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;woman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suɖauw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;daut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;knife&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;doːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.plur.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;.cl.1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;wauj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;yon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;no-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;ACC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;blind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hɑn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;three&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɲiɓ suɖauw daut ɳæliwɑdoːɳih ʃæwauj not͡ʃur mæʃuɲaus hɑn</p>
+  <p>њиб̱ суд̇аўв даўт н̇әливадоон̇иг шәваўј ночур мәшуњаўс ган</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiɓ</o>
+      <g>woman</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>suɖauw</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>daut</o>
+      <g>knife</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳæ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>doːɳ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ih</o>
+      <g>3.plur.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃæ-</o>
+      <g>ACC.cl.1</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>wauj</o>
+      <g>yon</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>no-</o>
+      <g>ACC</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃur</o>
+      <g>blind</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hɑn</o>
+      <g>three</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 1.

Њиб̱ суд̇аўв даўт н̇әливадоон̇иг шәваўј ночур мәшуњаўс ган.

[ɲiɓ suɖauw daut ɳæliwɑdoːɳih ʃæwauj not͡ʃur mæʃuɲaus hɑn]

ɲiɓ
woman suɖauw
COMIT daut
knife ɳæ-
3.sing.cl.5.POS liwɑ-
PAST doːɳ
catch -ih
3.plur.cl.1.OBJ ʃæ-
ACC.cl.1 wauj
yon no-
ACC t͡ʃur
blind mæ-
plur ʃuɲaus
mouse hɑn
three

“The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.”

(1)

In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.

There are no clitics in the nominal phrase.

The Noun

The noun in Fe consists of an optional prefix expressing number, comprising мә- /mæ-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.

The noun displays the following derivational morphology: two prefixes, namely та- /tɑ-/ ‘little’ and во- /wo-/ ‘big’

The Adjective

In Fe, the adjective has the following structure: an optional prefix expressing case, comprising но- /no-/ ‘ACC’, ӈи- /ŋi-/ ‘DAT’, фо- /fo-/ ‘INS’, ӈу- /ŋu-/ ‘VOC’, ду- /du-/ ‘ALL’, ви- /wi-/ ‘LOC’, чу- /t͡ʃu-/ ‘ABL’ and б̱о- /ɓo-/ ‘PART’ followed by the root.

Numerals

The numeral in Fe stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.

Determiners

In Fe, the determiner has the following structure: an optional prefix expressing case.gender, comprising ма- /mɑ-/ ‘NOM.cl.1’, пә- /pæ-/ ‘NOM.cl.2’, ра- /rɑ-/ ‘NOM.cl.3’, шо- /ʃo-/ ‘NOM.cl.4’, ли- /li-/ ‘NOM.cl.5’, фи- /fi-/ ‘NOM.cl.6’, вә- /wæ-/ ‘NOM.cl.7’, дә- /dæ-/ ‘NOM.cl.8’, мо- /mo-/ ‘NOM.cl.9’, ку- /ku-/ ‘NOM.cl.10’, д̇е- /ɖe-/ ‘NOM.cl.11’, шә- /ʃæ-/ ‘ACC.cl.1’, јә- /jæ-/ ‘ACC.cl.2’, ґу- /ɡu-/ ‘ACC.cl.3’, ко- /ko-/ ‘ACC.cl.4’, фә- /fæ-/ ‘ACC.cl.5’, ри- /ri-/ ‘ACC.cl.6’, ћи- /t͡ɕi-/ ‘ACC.cl.7’, ту- /tu-/ ‘ACC.cl.8’, ке- /ke-/ ‘ACC.cl.9’, ле- /le-/ ‘ACC.cl.10’, шу- /ʃu-/ ‘ACC.cl.11’, б̱а- /ɓɑ-/ ‘DAT.cl.1’, па- /pɑ-/ ‘DAT.cl.2’, н̇у- /ɳu-/ ‘DAT.cl.3’, да- /dɑ-/ ‘DAT.cl.4’, ба- /bɑ-/ ‘DAT.cl.5’, ру- /ru-/ ‘DAT.cl.6’, су- /su-/ ‘DAT.cl.7’, је- /je-/ ‘DAT.cl.8’, ну- /nu-/ ‘DAT.cl.9’, фа- /fɑ-/ ‘DAT.cl.10’, ло- /lo-/ ‘DAT.cl.11’, ка- /kɑ-/ ‘INS.cl.1’, б̱е- /ɓe-/ ‘INS.cl.2’, та- /tɑ-/ ‘INS.cl.3’, ни- /ni-/ ‘INS.cl.4’, фу- /fu-/ ‘INS.cl.5’, ӈе- /ŋe-/ ‘INS.cl.6’, ги- /hi-/ ‘INS.cl.7’, ћу- /t͡ɕu-/ ‘INS.cl.8’, д̇ә- /ɖæ-/ ‘INS.cl.9’, не- /ne-/ ‘INS.cl.10’, лу- /lu-/ ‘INS.cl.11’, ћа- /t͡ɕɑ-/ ‘VOC.cl.1’, би- /bi-/ ‘VOC.cl.2’, те- /te-/ ‘VOC.cl.3’, до- /do-/ ‘VOC.cl.4’, р̇и- /ɽi-/ ‘VOC.cl.5’, ја- /jɑ-/ ‘VOC.cl.6’, кә- /kæ-/ ‘VOC.cl.7’, лә- /læ-/ ‘VOC.cl.8’, гу- /hu-/ ‘VOC.cl.9’, ге- /he-/ ‘VOC.cl.10’, де- /de-/ ‘VOC.cl.11’, си- /si-/ ‘ALL.cl.1’, му- /mu-/ ‘ALL.cl.2’, ће- /t͡ɕe-/ ‘ALL.cl.3’, че- /t͡ʃe-/ ‘ALL.cl.4’, ре- /re-/ ‘ALL.cl.5’, ве- /we-/ ‘ALL.cl.6’, го- /ho-/ ‘ALL.cl.7’, гә- /hæ-/ ‘ALL.cl.8’, јо- /jo-/ ‘ALL.cl.9’, га- /hɑ-/ ‘ALL.cl.10’, ју- /ju-/ ‘ALL.cl.11’, р̇у- /ɽu-/ ‘LOC.cl.1’, ми- /mi-/ ‘LOC.cl.2’, ла- /lɑ-/ ‘LOC.cl.3’, чи- /t͡ʃi-/ ‘LOC.cl.4’, чо- /t͡ʃo-/ ‘LOC.cl.5’, ме- /me-/ ‘LOC.cl.6’, нә- /næ-/ ‘LOC.cl.7’, ро- /ro-/ ‘LOC.cl.8’, чә- /t͡ʃæ-/ ‘LOC.cl.9’, рә- /ræ-/ ‘LOC.cl.10’, на- /nɑ-/ ‘LOC.cl.11’, пи- /pi-/ ‘ABL.cl.1’, то- /to-/ ‘ABL.cl.2’, пу- /pu-/ ‘ABL.cl.3’, ча- /t͡ʃɑ-/ ‘ABL.cl.4’, н̇а- /ɳɑ-/ ‘ABL.cl.5’, пе- /pe-/ ‘ABL.cl.6’, по- /po-/ ‘ABL.cl.7’, се- /se-/ ‘ABL.cl.8’, д̇у- /ɖu-/ ‘ABL.cl.9’, ӈо- /ŋo-/ ‘ABL.cl.10’, во- /wo-/ ‘ABL.cl.11’, со- /so-/ ‘PART.cl.1’, ӈә- /ŋæ-/ ‘PART.cl.2’, сә- /sæ-/ ‘PART.cl.3’, са- /sɑ-/ ‘PART.cl.4’, тә- /tæ-/ ‘PART.cl.5’, ћо- /t͡ɕo-/ ‘PART.cl.6’, ва- /wɑ-/ ‘PART.cl.7’, т̇е- /ʈe-/ ‘PART.cl.8’, бу- /bu-/ ‘PART.cl.9’, р̇е- /ɽe-/ ‘PART.cl.10’ and бе- /be-/ ‘PART.cl.11’ followed by the root.

Pronouns

The pronoun in Fe has the following structure: an optional prefix expressing number, comprising бо- /bo-/ ‘plur’ followed by the root.

In Fe, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.2.POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.5/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; d">mæd</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; d">mæd</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ">i</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">mæd</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋiŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɡɑŋiŋi mæd</p>
+  <p>ґаӈиӈи мәд</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡɑ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋiŋ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæd</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 2.

Ґаӈиӈи мәд.

[ɡɑŋiŋi mæd]

ɡɑ-
3.sing.cl.2.POS ŋiŋ
love -i
3.sing.cl.5.OBJ mæd
3.sing.cl.5

“He (the boy) loves her (the girl).”

(2)

But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:

initial XML:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.2.POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.5/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x27D; &#xE6; s">ɽæs</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; d">mæd</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" ph="&#x27D; &#xE6; s">ɽæs</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; d">mæd</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">ɽæs</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ">i</thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.5" gloss="3.sing.cl.5" def="def" tr="theme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">mæd</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽæs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋiŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɽæs ɡɑŋiŋi mæd</p>
+  <p>р̇әс ґаӈиӈи мәд</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽæs</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡɑ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋiŋ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæd</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 3.

Р̇әс ґаӈиӈи мәд.

[ɽæs ɡɑŋiŋi mæd]

ɽæs
3.sing.cl.2 ɡɑ-
3.sing.cl.2.POS ŋiŋ
love -i
3.sing.cl.5.OBJ mæd
3.sing.cl.5

“He loves her.”

(3)

Proper Nouns

initial XML:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>hate</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>NN1</noun>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>NN2</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>hate</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>NN1</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>NN2</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.2.POS
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for hate/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.5
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
+<example id="loveprop" translation="Daye hates Darir.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Daye" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="d &#x251; j e&#x2D0;">dɑjeː</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="t &#xE6; &#x27D; e &#x14B;">tæɽeŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Darir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x256; &#xE6; r i&#x2D0; r">ɖæriːr</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="loveprop" translation="Daye hates Darir.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Daye" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="d &#x251; j e&#x2D0;">dɑjeː</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5" ph="t &#xE6; &#x27D; e &#x14B;">tæɽeŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i">i</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="Darir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" propernoun="yes" ph="&#x256; &#xE6; r i&#x2D0; r">ɖæriːr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Daye" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes">dɑjeː</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" obj="3.sing.cl.5">tæɽeŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.OBJ">i</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="Darir" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.5" propernoun="yes">ɖæriːr</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;dɑjeː&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Daye&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tæɽeŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖæriːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;Darir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>dɑjeː ɡɑtæɽeŋi ɖæriːr</p>
+  <p>Дајее ґатәр̇еӈи Д̇әриир</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>dɑjeː</o>
+      <g>Daye</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡɑ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tæɽeŋ</o>
+      <g>hate</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-i</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖæriːr</o>
+      <g>Darir</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 4.

Дајее ґатәр̇еӈи Д̇әриир.

[dɑjeː ɡɑtæɽeŋi ɖæriːr]

dɑjeː
Daye ɡɑ-
3.sing.cl.2.POS tæɽeŋ
hate -i
3.sing.cl.5.OBJ ɖæriːr
Darir

“Daye hates Darir.”

(4)

Possession

initial XML:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">deːl</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂæɡɑːɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;deːl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʂæɡɑːɖ deːl</p>
+  <p>с̇әґаад̇ деел</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂæɡɑːɖ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>deːl</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 5.

с̇әґаад̇ деел

[ʂæɡɑːɖ deːl]

ʂæɡɑːɖ
apple deːl
boy

“the boy’s apple”

(5)

initial XML:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module ngen:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+      <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 3.sing.cl.2/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x27D; &#xE6; s">ɽæs</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x27D; &#xE6; s">ɽæs</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">ɽæs</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂæɡɑːɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɽæs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʂæɡɑːɖ ɽæs</p>
+  <p>с̇әґаад̇ р̇әс</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂæɡɑːɖ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɽæs</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 6.

с̇әґаад̇ р̇әс

[ʂæɡɑːɖ ɽæs]

ʂæɡɑːɖ
apple ɽæs
3.sing.cl.2

“his (the boy’s) apple”

(6)

initial XML:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>apple</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>apple</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="h e n">hen</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="h e n">hen</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">hen</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂæɡɑːɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʂæɡɑːɖ hen</p>
+  <p>с̇әґаад̇ ген</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂæɡɑːɖ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hen</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 7.

с̇әґаад̇ ген

[ʂæɡɑːɖ hen]

ʂæɡɑːɖ
apple hen
1excl.sing

“my apple”

(7)

initial XML:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kiss</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>hunter</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>daughter</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="neither">
            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>neighbour</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kiss</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>daughter</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither">
-            <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>neighbour</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
-        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
          </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" number="sing" gender="cl.5">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.5" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.5.POS
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kiss/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; m">ʃuːm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; &#xE6;">ɳæ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="h i t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6; &#x253;">hit͡ʃæɓ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; p">æp</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; &#x14B;">mæŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; e &#x27D; i &#x253;">t͡ʃeɽiɓ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; m">ʃuːm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; &#xE6;">ɳæ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="h i t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6; &#x253;">hit͡ʃæɓ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#xE6; p">æp</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC" ph="m &#xE6; &#x14B;">mæŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; e &#x27D; i &#x253;">t͡ʃeɽiɓ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" case="NOM">ʃuːm</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">liʈai</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.5.POS">ɳæ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.2">hit͡ʃæɓ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">æp</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="ACC">mæŋ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">t͡ʃeɽiɓ</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liʈai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.5.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hit͡ʃæɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-æp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃeɽiɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;neighbour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓuɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ʃuːm liʈai ɳæliwɑhit͡ʃæɓæp mæŋ t͡ʃeɽiɓ ɓuɓ</p>
+  <p>шуум лит̇ай н̇әливагичәб̱әп мәӈ чер̇иб̱ б̱уб̱</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuːm</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liʈai</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳæ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.5.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hit͡ʃæɓ</o>
+      <g>kiss</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-æp</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæŋ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃeɽiɓ</o>
+      <g>neighbour</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓuɓ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 8.

Шуум лит̇ай н̇әливагичәб̱әп мәӈ чер̇иб̱ б̱уб̱.

[ʃuːm liʈai ɳæliwɑhit͡ʃæɓæp mæŋ t͡ʃeɽiɓ ɓuɓ]

ʃuːm
daughter liʈai
hunter ɳæ-
3.sing.cl.5.POS liwɑ-
PAST hit͡ʃæɓ
kiss -æp
3.sing.cl.2.OBJ mæŋ
son t͡ʃeɽiɓ
neighbour ɓuɓ
2.sing

“The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.”

(8)

Derivation

Fe has a few derivational processes. To illustrate this, let us start with a simple noun phrase:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x253; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x283; i&#x2D0; b">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x253; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x283; i&#x2D0; b">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓɑt͡ʃiːb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</p>
+  <p>б̱ачииб</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 9.

б̱ачииб

[ɓɑt͡ʃiːb]

ɓɑt͡ʃiːb
lamb

“a lamb”

(9)

In the following, the word for little becomes an affix attached to lamb:

initial XML:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
    <noun>lamb</noun>
    <adj>little</adj>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
-    <noun>lamb</noun>
-    <adj>little</adj>
+  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
  </np>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

submodule transform_adj

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module affixdensity:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
-    <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
      <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
    </word>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
-  <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
-    </word>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x251;">tɑ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x253; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x283; i&#x2D0; b">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph="t &#x251;">tɑ</thingy>
-    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x253; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x283; i&#x2D0; b">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
-    <thingy gloss="little&#x2082;" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy gloss="little&#x2081;" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj">tɑ</thingy>
+    <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓɑt͡ʃiːb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lamb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>tɑɓɑt͡ʃiːb</p>
+  <p>таб̱ачииб</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>tɑ-</o>
+      <g>little</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓɑt͡ʃiːb</o>
+      <g>lamb</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 10.

таб̱ачииб

[tɑɓɑt͡ʃiːb]

tɑ-
little ɓɑt͡ʃiːb
lamb

“a little lamb”

(10)

Compounding

Verbs

Inflectional Categories

There are no clitics in the verbal phrase.

In addition, the verb is structured like this: first, an optional prefix expressing question, comprising бә- /bæ-/ ‘Q’; second, an optional prefix expressing subj.negation, comprising б̱и- /ɓi-/ ‘1incl.sing.NEG’, б̱у- /ɓu-/ ‘1incl.sing.POS’, б̱ә- /ɓæ-/ ‘1excl.sing.NEG’, д̇и- /ɖi-/ ‘1excl.sing.POS’, д̇о- /ɖo-/ ‘2.sing.NEG’, д̇а- /ɖɑ-/ ‘2.sing.POS’, ґи- /ɡi-/ ‘3.sing.cl.1.NEG’, ґо- /ɡo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.1.POS’, ґә- /ɡæ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.2.NEG’, ґа- /ɡɑ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.2.POS’, њи- /ɲi-/ ‘3.sing.cl.3.NEG’, њу- /ɲu-/ ‘3.sing.cl.3.POS’, ње- /ɲe-/ ‘3.sing.cl.4.NEG’, њо- /ɲo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.4.POS’, њә- /ɲæ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.5.NEG’, н̇ә- /ɳæ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.5.POS’, ња- /ɲɑ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.6.NEG’, н̇и- /ɳi-/ ‘3.sing.cl.6.POS’, н̇е- /ɳe-/ ‘3.sing.cl.7.NEG’, н̇о- /ɳo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.7.POS’, р̇о- /ɽo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.8.NEG’, т̇о- /ʈo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.8.POS’, р̇ә- /ɽæ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.9.NEG’, р̇а- /ɽɑ-/ ‘3.sing.cl.9.POS’, с̇и- /ʂi-/ ‘3.sing.cl.10.NEG’, с̇у- /ʂu-/ ‘3.sing.cl.10.POS’, с̇е- /ʂe-/ ‘3.sing.cl.11.NEG’, с̇о- /ʂo-/ ‘3.sing.cl.11.POS’, с̇а- /ʂɑ-/ ‘1incl.plur.NEG’, ши- /ʃi-/ ‘1incl.plur.POS’, ше- /ʃe-/ ‘1excl.plur.NEG’, ша- /ʃɑ-/ ‘1excl.plur.POS’, т̇и- /ʈi-/ ‘2.plur.NEG’, т̇у- /ʈu-/ ‘2.plur.POS’, т̇ә- /ʈæ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.1.NEG’, т̇а- /ʈɑ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.1.POS’, ди- /di-/ ‘3.plur.cl.2.NEG’, дека- /dekɑ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.2.POS’, нәбо- /næbo-/ ‘3.plur.cl.3.NEG’, гәфа- /hæfɑ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.3.POS’, лејә- /lejæ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.4.NEG’, ӈени- /ŋeni-/ ‘3.plur.cl.4.POS’, ґоки- /ɡoki-/ ‘3.plur.cl.5.NEG’, њуну- /ɲunu-/ ‘3.plur.cl.5.POS’, јаду- /jɑdu-/ ‘3.plur.cl.6.NEG’, мила- /milɑ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.6.POS’, њефе- /ɲefe-/ ‘3.plur.cl.7.NEG’, чәге- /t͡ʃæhe-/ ‘3.plur.cl.7.POS’, д̇ите- /ɖite-/ ‘3.plur.cl.8.NEG’, д̇ићо- /ɖit͡ɕo-/ ‘3.plur.cl.8.POS’, р̇оґу- /ɽoɡu-/ ‘3.plur.cl.9.NEG’, баґе- /bɑɡe-/ ‘3.plur.cl.9.POS’, шиӈи- /ʃiŋi-/ ‘3.plur.cl.10.NEG’, чесу- /t͡ʃesu-/ ‘3.plur.cl.10.POS’, р̇уфа- /ɽufɑ-/ ‘3.plur.cl.11.NEG’ and фепу- /fepu-/ ‘3.plur.cl.11.POS’; third, an optional prefix expressing voice, comprising шури- /ʃuri-/ ‘passive’; fourth, an optional prefix expressing mode, comprising баӈи- /bɑŋi-/ ‘imperative’, вења- /weɲɑ-/ ‘conditional’ and нефу- /nefu-/ ‘optative’; fifth, an optional prefix expressing ta, comprising лива- /liwɑ-/ ‘PAST’; sixth, the root; and finally, seventh, an optional suffix expressing obj, comprising -ит /-it/ ‘1incl.sing’, -ур̇ /-uɽ/ ‘1excl.sing’, -ан /-ɑn/ ‘2.sing’, -ел /-el/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, -әп /-æp/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, -ич /-it͡ʃ/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, -уј /-uj/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, -и /-i/ ‘3.sing.cl.5’, -ит̇ /-iʈ/ ‘3.sing.cl.6’, -ош /-oʃ/ ‘3.sing.cl.7’, -им /-im/ ‘3.sing.cl.8’, -әј /-æj/ ‘3.sing.cl.9’, -ом /-om/ ‘3.sing.cl.10’, -ес /-es/ ‘3.sing.cl.11’, -ад̇ /-ɑɖ/ ‘1incl.plur’, -оф /-of/ ‘1excl.plur’, -ән /-æn/ ‘2.plur’, -иг /-ih/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, -ин /-in/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, -әд /-æd/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’, -әг /-æh/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’, -ид /-id/ ‘3.plur.cl.5’, -ис /-is/ ‘3.plur.cl.6’, -аґ /-ɑɡ/ ‘3.plur.cl.7’, -ој /-oj/ ‘3.plur.cl.8’, -ет /-et/ ‘3.plur.cl.9’, -оч /-ot͡ʃ/ ‘3.plur.cl.10’ and -ал /-ɑl/ ‘3.plur.cl.11’.

The verb displays the following derivational morphology: two prefixes, namely мә- /mæ-/ ‘begin’ and гә- /hæ-/ ‘stop’

initial XML:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="gnomic">
      <verb>love</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="gnomic">
-      <verb>love</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-      <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 1excl.sing.POS
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/obj/optional
Got 2.sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; n">ɑn</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; n">ɑn</thingy>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="1excl.sing" obj="2.sing">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ɑn</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋiŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓuɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖiŋiŋɑn ɓuɓ</p>
+  <p>д̇иӈиӈан б̱уб̱</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋiŋ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑn</o>
+      <g>2.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓuɓ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 11.

Д̇иӈиӈан б̱уб̱.

[ɖiŋiŋɑn ɓuɓ]

ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS ŋiŋ
love -ɑn
2.sing.OBJ ɓuɓ
2.sing

“I love you.”

(11)

Adverbs Minor Classes

Adpositions

There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.

initial XML:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>table</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>table</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
-      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
-  <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i&#x2D0; r">t͡ɕiːr</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" ph="n u t&#x361;&#x283;">nut͡ʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="t e &#x14B;">teŋ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x255; i&#x2D0; r">t͡ɕiːr</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4" ph="n u t&#x361;&#x283;">nut͡ʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="t e &#x14B;">teŋ</word>
+    <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">t͡ɕiːr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4">nut͡ʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">teŋ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ɕiːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nut͡ʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;teŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ɕiːr nut͡ʃ teŋ</p>
+  <p>ћиир нуч теӈ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ɕiːr</o>
+      <g>in</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nut͡ʃ</o>
+      <g>surface</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>teŋ</o>
+      <g>table</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 12.

ћиир нуч теӈ

[t͡ɕiːr nut͡ʃ teŋ]

t͡ɕiːr
in nut͡ʃ
surface teŋ
table

“on the table”

(12)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <np def="def" number="sing">
      <noun>box</noun>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <np def="def" number="sing">
-      <noun>box</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
-      <np def="def" number="sing">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
+    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
-      </np>
      <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
      </np>
+      <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

No change.

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
-    <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
-  <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8"/>
-    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6"/>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; ai &#x283;">t͡ʃaiʃ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8" ph="n &#x251;&#x2D0; m">nɑːm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x253; e p u f">ɓepuf</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; ai &#x283;">t͡ʃaiʃ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8" ph="n &#x251;&#x2D0; m">nɑːm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x253; e p u f">ɓepuf</word>
+    <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">t͡ʃaiʃ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.8">nɑːm</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.6">ɓepuf</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃaiʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;nɑːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;inside&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓepuf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;box&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>t͡ʃaiʃ nɑːm ɓepuf</p>
+  <p>чайш наам б̱епуф</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃaiʃ</o>
+      <g>to</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>nɑːm</o>
+      <g>inside</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓepuf</o>
+      <g>box</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 13.

чайш наам б̱епуф

[t͡ʃaiʃ nɑːm ɓepuf]

t͡ʃaiʃ
to nɑːm
inside ɓepuf
box

“into the box”

(13)

initial XML:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <np number="sing" def="neither">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number">
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

No change.

module addgender:

No change.

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <pp role="comitative">
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
    </np>
  </pp>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
-  <pp role="comitative">
+  <flat>
    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
-    </np>
-  </pp>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="s u &#x256; au w">suɖauw</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="h e n">hen</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
  <flat>
-    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="s u &#x256; au w">suɖauw</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="h e n">hen</word>
+    <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">suɖauw</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">hen</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;suɖauw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;COMIT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>suɖauw hen</p>
+  <p>суд̇аўв ген</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>suɖauw</o>
+      <g>COMIT</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hen</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 14.

суд̇аўв ген

[suɖauw hen]

suɖauw
COMIT hen
1excl.sing

“with me”

(14)

Syntax

Basic Clause Structure

Constituent Order

Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.

Fe employs Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) as its basic word order. The subject is followed by the verb, with the object occurring in post-verbal position. This ordering is widely attested across the world’s languages.

The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Fe.

initial XML:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>jaguar</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>jaguar</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.7
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="n &#xE6; &#x261; au n">næɡaun</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s o l">sol</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="o &#x283;">oʃ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="n &#xE6; &#x261; au n">næɡaun</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="s o l">sol</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="o &#x283;">oʃ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">næɡaun</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.7">sol</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.OBJ">oʃ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.7">liʈai</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næɡaun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-oʃ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.7.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liʈai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>næɡaun ɡoliwɑsoloʃ liʈai</p>
+  <p>нәґаўн ґоливасолош лит̇ай</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>næɡaun</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sol</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-oʃ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.7.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liʈai</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 15.

Нәґаўн ґоливасолош лит̇ай.

[næɡaun ɡoliwɑsoloʃ liʈai]

næɡaun
jaguar ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST sol
kill -oʃ
3.sing.cl.7.OBJ liʈai
hunter

“The jaguar killed the hunter.”

(15)

initial XML:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>eat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
      <noun>lion</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned">
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>hunter</noun>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def">
            <noun>daughter</noun>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>dog</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>eat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
-      <noun>lion</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned">
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>hunter</noun>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def">
-            <noun>daughter</noun>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>dog</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
-          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
+        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
+          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
        </np>
        <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
          </np>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" case="ACC" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" role="obj" case="ACC">
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
    </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.5" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="r &#xE6; s i&#x2D0; r">ræsiːr</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t u b">tub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC" ph="m u p">mup</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; m">ʃuːm</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="r &#xE6; s i&#x2D0; r">ræsiːr</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t u b">tub</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC" ph="m u p">mup</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; m">ʃuːm</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ræsiːr</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">tub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">el</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACC">mup</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.5">ʃuːm</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.7">liʈai</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ræsiːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;dog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;daughter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liʈai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ræsiːr ɡoliwɑtubel mup ʃuːm liʈai</p>
+  <p>рәсиир ґоливатубел муп шуум лит̇ай</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ræsiːr</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tub</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-el</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mup</o>
+      <g>dog</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuːm</o>
+      <g>daughter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liʈai</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 16.

Рәсиир ґоливатубел муп шуум лит̇ай.

[ræsiːr ɡoliwɑtubel mup ʃuːm liʈai]

ræsiːr
lion ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST tub
eat -el
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ mup
dog ʃuːm
daughter liʈai
hunter

“The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.”

(16)

The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.

Noun Phrases

Structure and Order

The internal structure of noun phrases in Fe reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.

Possessive constructions are head-initial: the possessed noun precedes the possessor. For instance, Fe expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “toy child”. This structure is typologically rarer and often co-occurs with verb-initial syntax or with grammatical marking on the noun.

initial XML:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
    <np type="owner_owned">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def">
          <noun>son</noun>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def">
        <noun>friend</noun>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def">
      <noun>book</noun>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned">
-    <np type="owner_owned">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def">
-          <noun>son</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def">
-        <noun>friend</noun>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def">
-      <noun>book</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

No change.

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

No change.

module casemarking:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
+      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
-      </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
    </np>
    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
      <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
      </np>
      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </np>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np type="owner_owned" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-    <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6">
+  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
  </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.7" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
  </np>
-      <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
-      </np>
-    </np>
-  </np>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
  </np>
  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
  </np>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-  </np>
-  <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
-  </np>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="k i t &#x251;&#x2D0; b">kitɑːb</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7" ph="k e k">kek</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="m &#xE6; &#x14B;">mæŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM" ph="k i t &#x251;&#x2D0; b">kitɑːb</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7" ph="k e k">kek</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" ph="m &#xE6; &#x14B;">mæŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.6" case="NOM">kitɑːb</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.7">kek</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">mæŋ</word>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">ɓuɓ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kitɑːb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;book&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;friend&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;son&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓuɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>kitɑːb kek mæŋ ɓuɓ</p>
+  <p>китааб кек мәӈ б̱уб̱</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>kitɑːb</o>
+      <g>book</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kek</o>
+      <g>friend</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæŋ</o>
+      <g>son</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓuɓ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 17.

китааб кек мәӈ б̱уб̱

[kitɑːb kek mæŋ ɓuɓ]

kitɑːb
book kek
friend mæŋ
son ɓuɓ
2.sing

“your son’s friend’s book”

(17)

Case Marking

Fe uses nominative–accusative case marking. The subject of an intransitive verb and the subject of a transitive verb are treated alike and take the nominative case, while the object of a transitive verb is marked with the accusative case. This is the familiar pattern from many European languages: the grammar groups together the participants that function as subjects and marks the participant affected by a transitive action separately.

initial XML:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-state">
      <verb>sleep</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-state">
-      <verb>sleep</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for sleep/verb/obj/optional

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="&#x288; &#xE6; b">ʈæb</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="&#x288; &#xE6; b">ʈæb</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">ʈæb</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʈæb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;sleep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>keɲ ɡoʈæb</p>
+  <p>кењ ґот̇әб</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʈæb</o>
+      <g>sleep</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 18.

Кењ ґот̇әб.

[keɲ ɡoʈæb]

keɲ
cat ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS ʈæb
sleep

“The cat is sleeping.”

(18)

initial XML:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>run</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>run</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for run/verb/obj/optional

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6; &#x273;">t͡ʃæɳ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t&#x361;&#x283; &#xE6; &#x273;">t͡ʃæɳ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1">t͡ʃæɳ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;t͡ʃæɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;run&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>keɲ ɡot͡ʃæɳ</p>
+  <p>кењ ґочән̇</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>t͡ʃæɳ</o>
+      <g>run</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 19.

Кењ ґочән̇.

[keɲ ɡot͡ʃæɳ]

keɲ
cat ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS t͡ʃæɳ
run

“The cat is running.”

(19)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="pres-cont">
      <verb>chase</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont">
-      <verb>chase</verb>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/voice/optional
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/mode/optional
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for chase/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="b i n i s">binis</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="b i n i s">binis</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">binis</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">el</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;binis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;chase&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>keɲ ɡobinisel ʃuɲaus</p>
+  <p>кењ ґобинисел шуњаўс</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>binis</o>
+      <g>chase</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-el</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 20.

Кењ ґобинисел шуњаўс.

[keɲ ɡobinisel ʃuɲaus]

keɲ
cat ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS binis
chase -el
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ʃuɲaus
mouse

“The cat is chasing the mouse.”

(20)

initial XML:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>catch</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <noun>mouse</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>catch</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
-      <noun>mouse</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">el</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;doːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>keɲ ɡoliwɑdoːɳel ʃuɲaus</p>
+  <p>кењ ґоливадоон̇ел шуњаўс</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>doːɳ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-el</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 21.

Кењ ґоливадоон̇ел шуњаўс.

[keɲ ɡoliwɑdoːɳel ʃuɲaus]

keɲ
cat ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST doːɳ
catch -el
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ʃuɲaus
mouse

“The cat caught the mouse.”

(21)

Conjunctions

Here is an example of a conjunction.

initial XML:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>kill</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>hunter</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>jaguar</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>tiger</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur">
          <noun>lion</noun>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>kill</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>hunter</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>jaguar</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>tiger</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur">
-          <noun>lion</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
-    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
      <conjp conj="and">
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
        </np>
+        <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
        </np>
      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flattenconjp:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
-      <conjp conj="and">
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-        <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
-      </conjp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
      </np>
      <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
      <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
    </vp>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" number="plur">
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.7.POS
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for kill/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.plur.cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/number/optional
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/number/optional
Got plur

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; o">ɳo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1" ph="s o l">sol</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i h">ih</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n &#xE6; &#x261; au n">næɡaun</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x282; &#x251;&#x2D0; b">ʂɑːb</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x255; ai f">næt͡ɕaif</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x282; &#x251;&#x2D0; b">ʂɑːb</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="r &#xE6; s i&#x2D0; r">ræsiːr</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7" ph="l i &#x288; ai">liʈai</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; o">ɳo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1" ph="s o l">sol</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i h">ih</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n &#xE6; &#x261; au n">næɡaun</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x282; &#x251;&#x2D0; b">ʂɑːb</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="n &#xE6; t&#x361;&#x255; ai f">næt͡ɕaif</word>
-    <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="&#x282; &#x251;&#x2D0; b">ʂɑːb</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur" attach="prefix" ph="m &#xE6;">mæ</thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="r &#xE6; s i&#x2D0; r">ræsiːr</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.7">liʈai</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.7.POS">ɳo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.7" obj="3.plur.cl.1">sol</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ">ih</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">næɡaun</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʂɑːb</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">næt͡ɕaif</word>
+    <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ʂɑːb</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="plur">mæ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.1" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">ræsiːr</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liʈai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;hunter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.7.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;kill&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.plur.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næɡaun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;jaguar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂɑːb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;næt͡ɕaif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tiger&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂɑːb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;mæ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;plur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ræsiːr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;lion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>liʈai ɳoliwɑsolih mænæɡaun ʂɑːb mænæt͡ɕaif ʂɑːb mæræsiːr</p>
+  <p>лит̇ай н̇оливасолиг мәнәґаўн с̇ааб мәнәћайф с̇ааб мәрәсиир</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>liʈai</o>
+      <g>hunter</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.7.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sol</o>
+      <g>kill</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ih</o>
+      <g>3.plur.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næɡaun</o>
+      <g>jaguar</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂɑːb</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>næt͡ɕaif</o>
+      <g>tiger</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂɑːb</o>
+      <g>and</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>mæ-</o>
+      <g>plur</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ræsiːr</o>
+      <g>lion</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 22.

Лит̇ай н̇оливасолиг мәнәґаўн с̇ааб мәнәћайф с̇ааб мәрәсиир.

[liʈai ɳoliwɑsolih mænæɡaun ʂɑːb mænæt͡ɕaif ʂɑːb mæræsiːr]

liʈai
hunter ɳo-
3.sing.cl.7.POS liwɑ-
PAST sol
kill -ih
3.plur.cl.1.OBJ mæ-
plur næɡaun
jaguar ʂɑːb
and mæ-
plur næt͡ɕaif
tiger ʂɑːb
and mæ-
plur ræsiːr
lion

“The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.”

(22)

Modifiers and Determiners

The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Fe provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.

Complex Sentences

Relative Clauses

Fe forms relative clauses by placing the relative clause after the noun it modifies. The clause follows the internal word order of ordinary finite clauses. A dedicated relativising marker introduces the clause and identifies the relationship between the head noun and its role inside the relative clause.

To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:

initial XML:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
      <noun>cat</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
-      <noun>cat</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" obj="3.sing.cl.1">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">el</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">keɲ</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ruɡɑt͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕel keɲ</p>
+  <p>д̇иливаруґаћел кењ</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ruɡɑt͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-el</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 23.

Д̇иливаруґаћел кењ.

[ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕel keɲ]

ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS liwɑ-
PAST ruɡɑt͡ɕ
pat -el
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ keɲ
cat

“I patted the cat.”

(23)

We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:

initial XML:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
          <noun>mouse</noun>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-          <noun>mouse</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
-        </np>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+          <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e l">el</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">keɲ,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.1">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">el</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.1" comma="after">ʃuɲaus</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ruɡɑt͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;doːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳel ʃuɲaus</p>
+  <p>д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ел шуњаўс</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ruɡɑt͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>doːɳ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-el</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 24.

Д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ел шуњаўс.

[ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳel ʃuɲaus]

ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS liwɑ-
PAST ruɡɑt͡ɕ
pat keɲ
cat ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST doːɳ
catch -el
3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ʃuɲaus
mouse

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse.”

(24)

Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:

initial XML:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
              <noun>cheese</noun>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
-              <noun>cheese</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
-            </np>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 1excl.sing.POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+              <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+              <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+              <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+              <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="t u b">tub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="t o j o h">tojoh</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="t u b">tub</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after" ph="t o j o h">tojoh</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">keɲ,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">doːɳ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">ʃuɲaus,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" obj="3.sing.cl.6">tub</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">iʈ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" comma="after">tojoh</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ruɡɑt͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;doːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-iʈ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tojoh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳ ʃuɲaus, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑtubiʈ tojoh</p>
+  <p>д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ шуњаўс, њииӈ ґоливатубит̇ тојог</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ruɡɑt͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>doːɳ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tub</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-iʈ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tojoh</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 25.

Д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ шуњаўс, њииӈ ґоливатубит̇ тојог.

[ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳ ʃuɲaus, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑtubiʈ tojoh]

ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS liwɑ-
PAST ruɡɑt͡ɕ
pat keɲ
cat ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST doːɳ
catch ʃuɲaus
mouse ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST tub
eat -iʈ
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ tojoh
cheese

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.”

(25)

Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:

initial XML:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>pat</verb>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>catch</verb>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
          <noun>cat</noun>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
            <vp tam="past-punct">
              <verb>eat</verb>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
              <noun>mouse</noun>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
                <vp tam="past-punct">
                  <verb>buy</verb>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
                  <noun>cheese</noun>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>pat</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-      <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>catch</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-          <noun>cat</noun>
+        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp tam="past-punct">
-              <verb>eat</verb>
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
-              <noun>mouse</noun>
+            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp tam="past-punct">
-                  <verb>buy</verb>
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-                  <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
-                  <noun>cheese</noun>
+                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
+                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj">
      <relp>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
        </np>
        <np role="obj">
          <relp>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
            </np>
            <np role="obj">
              <relp>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj">
-      <relp>
+    <np id="parent">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+      </np>
+      <relp comma="after">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <np id="parent">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
-        <np role="obj">
-          <relp>
+          <relp comma="after">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <np id="parent">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
-            <np role="obj">
-              <relp>
+              <relp comma="after">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
-                <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
-                  <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
-                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

No change.

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
-    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM">
+            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC">
+                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6">
+                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" person="1excl">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
+        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapArgumentNPs:

No change.

unwrapOwnerOwned:

No change.

movedowntoword:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
-            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
-              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
-              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
-                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/>
+                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
-                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 1excl.sing.POS
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for pat/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for catch/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.1.POS
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for eat/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for RELPRON/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 1excl.sing.POS
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for buy/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+        <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
        <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
      </np>
      <relp comma="after">
        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
        </np>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+          <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
        </vp>
        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
+            <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
            <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
          </np>
          <relp comma="after">
            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
+              <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
              <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
            </np>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
+              <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+              <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
+              <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+              <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+              <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
              <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
            </vp>
            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing" case="NOM">
              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
+                <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
                <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
              </np>
              <relp comma="after">
                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
                  <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
                </np>
                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
+                  <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
                  <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
+                  <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
                </vp>
                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
+                  <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
                </np>
              </relp>
            </np>
          </relp>
        </np>
      </relp>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
-  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
-      <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-      </np>
-      <relp comma="after">
-        <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-        </np>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np id="parent" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="NOM">
-          <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-          </np>
-          <relp comma="after">
-            <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-            </np>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-            </vp>
-            <np id="parent" gender="cl.6" number="sing" case="NOM">
-              <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-              </np>
-              <relp comma="after">
-                <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-                </np>
-                <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-                </vp>
-                <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" person="1excl">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-                  <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM"/>
-                </np>
-              </relp>
-            </np>
-          </relp>
-        </np>
-      </relp>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t u b">tub</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="t o j o h">tojoh</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing" ph="s i m">sim</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="h e n">hen</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing" ph="r u &#x261; &#x251; t&#x361;&#x255;">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="k e &#x272;">keɲ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="d o&#x2D0; &#x273;">doːɳ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x283; u &#x272; au s">ʃuɲaus</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; o">ɡo</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="t u b">tub</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6" ph="t o j o h">tojoh</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x272; i&#x2D0; &#x14B;">ɲiːŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x256; i">ɖi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing" ph="s i m">sim</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after" ph="h e n">hen</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="1excl.sing">ruɡɑt͡ɕ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">keɲ,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">doːɳ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.1">ʃuɲaus,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" case="NOM" gender="cl.1">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.POS">ɡo</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">tub</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="cl.6">tojoh,</word>
+    <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" comma="before" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">ɲiːŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="1excl.sing.POS">ɖi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.6" subj="1excl.sing">sim</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">iʈ</thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" comma="after">hen</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ruɡɑt͡ɕ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;pat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;keɲ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;doːɳ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;catch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuɲaus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;mouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡo-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.1.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;eat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;tojoh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;cheese&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɲiːŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;RELPRON&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɖi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;sim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;buy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-iʈ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳ ʃuɲaus, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑtub tojoh, ɲiːŋ ɖiliwɑsimiʈ hen</p>
+  <p>д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ шуњаўс, њииӈ ґоливатуб тојог, њииӈ д̇иливасимит̇ ген</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ruɡɑt͡ɕ</o>
+      <g>pat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>keɲ</o>
+      <g>cat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>doːɳ</o>
+      <g>catch</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuɲaus</o>
+      <g>mouse</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡo-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.1.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tub</o>
+      <g>eat</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>tojoh</o>
+      <g>cheese</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɲiːŋ</o>
+      <g>RELPRON</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɖi-</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>sim</o>
+      <g>buy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-iʈ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hen</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 26.

Д̇иливаруґаћ кењ, њииӈ ґоливадоон̇ шуњаўс, њииӈ ґоливатуб тојог, њииӈ д̇иливасимит̇ ген.

[ɖiliwɑruɡɑt͡ɕ keɲ, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑdoːɳ ʃuɲaus, ɲiːŋ ɡoliwɑtub tojoh, ɲiːŋ ɖiliwɑsimiʈ hen]

ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS liwɑ-
PAST ruɡɑt͡ɕ
pat keɲ
cat ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST doːɳ
catch ʃuɲaus
mouse ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɡo-
3.sing.cl.1.POS liwɑ-
PAST tub
eat tojoh
cheese ɲiːŋ
RELPRON ɖi-
1excl.sing.POS liwɑ-
PAST sim
buy -iʈ
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ hen
1excl.sing

“I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.”

(26)

Complementation Strategies

Fe forms complement clauses by nominalising the embedded verb. The nominalised form lacks finite verbal categories and behaves as a noun phrase. Subjects of nominalised clauses occur in the genitive case, and the nominalised verb establishes the semantic content of the complement.

The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:

initial XML:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>surprise</verb>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="past-punct">
          <verb>give</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
          <noun>boy</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
          <noun>apple</noun>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
          <noun>girl</noun>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
      <noun>teacher</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>surprise</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="past-punct">
-          <verb>give</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
-          <noun>boy</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
-          <noun>apple</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
-          <noun>girl</noun>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
-      <noun>teacher</noun>
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module nonpastonly:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
-    </vp>
    <np role="subj">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
-              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
-            </np>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number">
+    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT">
+            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
-            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

No change.

copyuptophrase:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
            </np>
            <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
              <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
      <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
          </vp>
          <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
          </np>
          <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
            <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
        <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" role="subj" case="NOM">
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
-          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/subj.negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for give/verb/obj/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.6
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.6.POS
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for surprise/verb/obj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <s>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
+          <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
+          <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
    </vp>
    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
-  <s>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
-        </np>
-        <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7"/>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x283; i k">ʃik</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" ph="h &#x251; p">hɑp</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; i">ɳi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="&#x282; u r ai &#x282;">ʂuraiʂ</word>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7" ph="k &#xE6; l i&#x2D0; m">kæliːm</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6" ph="&#x283; i k">ʃik</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="i &#x288;">iʈ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" ph="h &#x251; p">hɑp</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" ph="&#x282; &#xE6; &#x261; &#x251;&#x2D0; &#x256;">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x273; i">ɳi</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7" ph="&#x282; u r ai &#x282;">ʂuraiʂ</word>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7" ph="k &#xE6; l i&#x2D0; m">kæliːm</word>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="3.sing.cl.6">ʃik</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.OBJ">iʈ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">hɑp</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" gender="cl.6">ʂæɡɑːɖ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="owned" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="NOM">deːl</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.6.POS">ɳi</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.6" indobj="3.sing.cl.7">ʂuraiʂ</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.7">kæliːm</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;give&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-iʈ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hɑp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂæɡɑːɖ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;apple&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;deːl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɳi-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.6.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʂuraiʂ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;surprise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;kæliːm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;teacher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>liwɑʃikiʈ hɑp ʂæɡɑːɖ deːl ɳiliwɑʂuraiʂ kæliːm</p>
+  <p>ливашикит̇ гап с̇әґаад̇ деел н̇иливас̇урайс̇ кәлиим</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃik</o>
+      <g>give</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-iʈ</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hɑp</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂæɡɑːɖ</o>
+      <g>apple</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>deːl</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɳi-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.6.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʂuraiʂ</o>
+      <g>surprise</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>kæliːm</o>
+      <g>teacher</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 27.

Ливашикит̇ гап с̇әґаад̇ деел н̇иливас̇урайс̇ кәлиим.

[liwɑʃikiʈ hɑp ʂæɡɑːɖ deːl ɳiliwɑʂuraiʂ kæliːm]

liwɑ-
PAST ʃik
give -iʈ
3.sing.cl.6.OBJ hɑp
girl ʂæɡɑːɖ
apple deːl
boy ɳi-
3.sing.cl.6.POS liwɑ-
PAST ʂuraiʂ
surprise kæliːm
teacher

“It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.”

(27)

Quotes

Fe employs a quotative particle to mark direct and indirect speech. The quotative follows the reported phrase and identifies the preceding expression as quoted or reported. The same construction is also used to express reported thoughts.

Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:

initial XML:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp tam="past-punct">
      <verb>tell</verb>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
      <noun>boy</noun>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
        <vp tam="gnomic">
          <verb>love</verb>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
      <noun>girl</noun>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

cleanup:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp tam="past-punct">
-      <verb>tell</verb>
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
-      <noun>boy</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp tam="gnomic">
-          <verb>love</verb>
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
-          <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
-          <pron person="2" number="sing"/>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
-      <noun>girl</noun>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module articles:

No change.

module nonpastonly:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
+        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module noepistemic:

No change.

module NRel:

No change.

module sentenceconnectors:

No change.

module nominalise:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+      <np type="owner_owned">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+        </np>
+        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+      </np>
+    </np>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2

module affixdensity:

No change.

module adpositions:

No change.

module constorder:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module casemarking:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <np type="owner_owned">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module addgender:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT">
+    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <np type="owner_owned">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
-        <np role="owner" number="sing">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module propagatenumber:

No change.

module simplifynumber:

No change.

createpronouns:

No change.

module ngen:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
-        </np>
        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
        </np>
      </np>
+    </np>
  </s>
</example>

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module wordorder:

No change.

module conjp:

No change.

flattenconjp:

No change.

fixpronouns:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
          <subs>
            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
-              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
-          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

copyuptophrase:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" person="1excl">
      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
-        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6">
+        <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
          <subs>
-            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+            <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
              <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
            </vp>
-            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">
+            <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
              <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
            </np>
          </subs>
        </np>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number">
+        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
          <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </np>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

prodrop:

No change.

addclitics:

No change.

propagateArgumentCase:

No change.

unwrapArgumentNPs:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" gender="cl.6" number="sing" person="1excl">
-      <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing">
+    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
      <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
        <subs>
          <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
            <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
          </vp>
          <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
            <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
          </np>
        </subs>
      </np>
      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
        <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
      </np>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

unwrapOwnerOwned:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
    </np>
-    <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.6" number="sing" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="ACC" person="1excl">
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
-      <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl">
+    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
-    </np>
  </s>
</example>

movedowntoword:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
-      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
-      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
-          <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
-          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
-      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

addaffixes:

About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/subj.negation/optional
Got 3.sing.cl.2.POS
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for tell/verb/obj/optional
Got 1excl.sing
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/question/optional
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/subj.negation/optional
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/voice/optional
Got active
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/mode/optional
Got indicative
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for love/verb/obj/optional
Got 2.sing
About to call getSlotValue for 2.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for 1excl.sing/pron/number/optional
Got sing

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <s>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
    </np>
    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
+      <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+      <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
+      <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+      <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+      <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
      <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing"/>
+      <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
    </vp>
    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
+      <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
    </np>
    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
      <subs>
        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
+          <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
+          <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
+          <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
+          <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
          <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
+          <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
        </vp>
        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
+          <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
          <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
        </np>
      </subs>
    </np>
    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
+      <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
      <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
    </np>
  </s>
</example>

flatten:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
-  <s>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">
+  <flat>
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
-    </np>
-    <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    </vp>
-    <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">
    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
-    </np>
-    <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.6" person="2">
-      <subs>
-        <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">
    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
-        </vp>
-        <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" person="2">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-        </np>
-      </subs>
-    </np>
-    <np number="sing" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" person="1excl" gender="cl.6" tr="rheme" case="ACC">
    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
-    </np>
-  </s>
+  </flat>
</example>

addvocab:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5"/>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q"/>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active"/>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative"/>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES"/>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC"/>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC"/>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; t">ʃuːt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u &#x27D;">uɽ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" ph="h &#x251; p">hɑp</word>
+    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; n">ɑn</thingy>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
+    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="h e n">hen</word>
  </flat>
</example>

vowelharmony:

No change.

removetags:

<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
  <flat>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" ph="d e&#x2D0; l">deːl</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS" attach="prefix" ph="&#x261; &#x251;">ɡɑ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST" attach="prefix" ph="l i w &#x251;">liwɑ</thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing" ph="&#x283; u&#x2D0; t">ʃuːt</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="u &#x27D;">uɽ</thingy>
-    <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5" ph="h &#x251; p">hɑp</word>
-    <thingy type="verbquestion" function="prefix" gloss="not.Q" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbvoice" function="prefix" gloss="active" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbmode" function="prefix" gloss="indicative" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PRES" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" ph="&#x14B; i &#x14B;">ŋiŋ</word>
-    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" attach="suffix" ph="&#x251; n">ɑn</thingy>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC" ph="&#x253; u &#x253;">ɓuɓ</word>
-    <thingy type="pronnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
-    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC" ph="h e n">hen</word>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">deːl</word>
+    <thingy type="verbsubj.negation" function="prefix" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.POS">ɡɑ</thingy>
+    <thingy type="verbta" function="prefix" gloss="PAST">liwɑ</thingy>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.2" indobj="3.sing.cl.5" obj="1excl.sing">ʃuːt</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="1excl.sing.OBJ">uɽ</thingy>
+    <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.5">hɑp</word>
+    <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing">ŋiŋ</word>
+    <thingy type="verbobj" function="suffix" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">ɑn</thingy>
+    <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="ACC">ɓuɓ</word>
+    <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="owned" locus="number" tr="rheme" case="ACC">hen</word>
  </flat>
+  <p>&lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;deːl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;boy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɡɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;3.sing.cl.2.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;POS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;liwɑ-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;PAST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ʃuːt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;tell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-uɽ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hɑp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;girl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ŋiŋ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;love&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;-ɑn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing.&lt;span class="glssc"&gt;OBJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;ɓuɓ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;2.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="ilpair"&gt;&lt;span class="mor"&gt;hen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;span class="gls"&gt;1excl.sing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
+  <p>deːl ɡɑliwɑʃuːtuɽ hɑp ŋiŋɑn ɓuɓ hen</p>
+  <p>деел ґаливашуутур̇ гап ӈиӈан б̱уб̱ ген</p>
+  <il>
+    <w>
+      <o>deːl</o>
+      <g>boy</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɡɑ-</o>
+      <g>3.sing.cl.2.POS</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>liwɑ-</o>
+      <g>PAST</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ʃuːt</o>
+      <g>tell</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-uɽ</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hɑp</o>
+      <g>girl</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ŋiŋ</o>
+      <g>love</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>-ɑn</o>
+      <g>2.sing.OBJ</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>ɓuɓ</o>
+      <g>2.sing</g>
+    </w>
+    <w>
+      <o>hen</o>
+      <g>1excl.sing</g>
+    </w>
+  </il>
</example>

Hide workings for example 28.

Деел ґаливашуутур̇ гап ӈиӈан б̱уб̱ ген.

[deːl ɡɑliwɑʃuːtuɽ hɑp ŋiŋɑn ɓuɓ hen]

deːl
boy ɡɑ-
3.sing.cl.2.POS liwɑ-
PAST ʃuːt
tell -uɽ
1excl.sing.OBJ hɑp
girl ŋiŋ
love -ɑn
2.sing.OBJ ɓuɓ
2.sing hen
1excl.sing

“The boy told the girl that he loved her.”

(28)

How to cite this grammar

Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Fe. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 29 June 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5NFE9

In BibTeX format:

@misc{LC-5NFE9,
  year         = 2026,
  author       = {{Language Creator}},
  title        = {A Grammar of {Fe}},
  howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5NFE9}},
  note         = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 29 June 2026}
}

Supplementary Materials

A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Fe / Fe–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.

Readers are encouraged to share observations or corrections via the feedback form. The present page may be accessed directly at:

https://languagecreator.org/grammar/5NFE9

Behind the scenes, the Language Creator stores the generated language in a JSON-based format known as ELD. The corresponding ELD file may be downloaded, edited as required, and reuploaded in order to regenerate the grammar, dictionary and texts.

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