A Grammar of Huti
Introduction
Scope and Purpose
This grammar provides a systematic description of the Huti language (the 1894th one produced by the Language Creator), outlining its sound system, word formation and syntactic structure, with the aim of presenting a coherent account of the language as an integrated whole. Attention has been paid to both regular patterns and minor irregularities, as these together define the internal balance of the language.
The grammar is accompanied by a bilingual dictionary and a collection of illustrative texts, offering material for further study and comparison. The examples have been selected to demonstrate typical constructions and to give a sense of the language in extended use. The description is intended as a reference work for linguists and language enthusiasts alike, and as a foundation for any future research, teaching or creative adaptation of Huti.
Typological Profile
It has proper polysynthesis, the typologically rare OSV basic word order, four genders and no inflections (clitics do the hard work).Phonology
Phoneme Inventory
Consonants
Huti has 12 consonant phonemes, forming a relatively small inventory.
It has a complete absence of affricates, a complete absence of palatal consonants, something which is a rare occurrence indeed, as well as a strongly reduced sibilant system, a complete absence of phonemic voicing contrasts and an unusually restricted set of labial consonants.The table below presents the full inventory of consonant phonemes in Huti. The chart lists all places and manners of articulation attested in the language.
| labial | alveolar | lateral | velar | glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stop | p | t | k | ||
| nasal | m | n | |||
| trill/tap/flap | r | ||||
| fricative | f | s | h | ||
| approximant | w | l |
Vowels
Huti has 3 vowel qualities. This constitutes a relatively small inventory, with contrasts limited to the vowel categories displayed in the chart. The phonological system relies primarily on these few qualities to encode vocalic distinctions.
It has a fully contrastive long–short vowel distinction across the system, a strikingly compressed height system with only two vowel heights and a full range of vowel qualities even in reduced syllables.The table below presents the full inventory of vowel phonemes in Huti. The system comprises the distinct vowel qualities listed in the chart.
| front | central | back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| close | i | u | |
| open | a |
Stress and Tones
Huti has neither phonemic stress nor lexical tone. Prosodic prominence and pitch variation are determined by pragmatic and discourse factors rather than by lexical contrasts.
Phonological Processes
Vowel Harmony
The language employs vowel harmony. To be specific, the following vowels change to match the first vowel of the root: /i/ becomes /u/.
Writing System
Introduction
Huti is normally written using the Latin alphabet, whose familiarity makes it straightforward for most readers. For clarity and precision, phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are also provided throughout this grammar.
Orthography
Here are the various components of the orthography:
Simple letters
| a /a/ | f /f/ | h /h/ | i /i/ |
| k /k/ | l /l/ | m /m/ | n /n/ |
| p /p/ | r /r/ | s /s/ | t /t/ |
| u /u/ | w /w/ |
Multi-letter combinations such as digraphs
| aa /aː/ | ii /iː/ | uu /uː/ |
Word Classes and Morphology
Number and Gender
Number
Huti does not have grammatical number.
Gender
Huti has the following genders:
Gender cl.1 – for instance: fii ‘name’, hifi ‘house’, kima ‘north’, lu ‘bird’, ma ‘fight’, maapii ‘top’, mali ‘leg’, miisi ‘wife’, naka ‘south’, pakiisa ‘guts’, pimimii ‘bosom’, risi ‘nose’, ruu ‘woman’, ruupi ‘idea’, safana ‘embrace’, sasupaa ‘tower’, taawa ‘east’, wii ‘daughter’, wiifaa ‘surface’, wiisafii ‘belly’.
Gender cl.2 – for instance: fipa ‘heart’, hifa ‘son’, hihaka ‘breast’, hiiwiwaa ‘library’, kalini ‘vagina’, liilaraa ‘bank’, mipaa ‘back’, naa ‘cat’, nama ‘water’, pamii ‘husband’, papaala ‘religion’, pusii ‘sea’, raa ‘human being’, saama ‘blood’, siitiihaa ‘market’, tarii ‘ear’, tawakii ‘medicine’, wisaki ‘urine’, wisii ‘father’, witawii ‘neighbour’.
Gender cl.3 – for instance: fiikafi ‘snow’, fiiri ‘bed’, fiwima ‘slime’, hasimi ‘knee’, hini ‘rain’, kihuu ‘hand’, latuutaa ‘wing’, maakuki ‘ash’, mapaa ‘egg’, naatata ‘neck’, nisila ‘smoke’, paa ‘animal’, ri ‘fish’, sala ‘sun’, siihaanaa ‘money’, tafii ‘leaf’, tanati ‘salt’, wiraari ‘fat’, witina ‘bark’, wiwati ‘flower’.
Gender cl.4 – for instance: huuna ‘knife’, kaamuu ‘night’, laawaala ‘wild boar’, liisata ‘binoculars’, liniimi ‘umbrella’, mihi ‘tooth’, naliisa ‘lamb’, napaafi ‘machine’, napuu ‘skin’, paafarii ‘mortar’, pihifi ‘louse’, sii ‘language’, siihaa ‘book’, sisusi ‘cloud’, taapa ‘bone’, tasuu ‘eye’, tihula ‘net’, tinini ‘worm’, waawifa ‘stick’, wiwi ‘stone’.
The Nominal Phrase
Nominal phrases in Huti can be exemplified by the following example:
initial XML:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def">
<noun>woman</noun>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>knife</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
<adj>blind</adj>
<num>three</num>
<det>yon</det>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>woman</noun> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>knife</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> - <adj>blind</adj> - <num>three</num> - <det>yon</det> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number">
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module constorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> + </np> <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> - </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three"/> <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/> </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module wordorder:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
</np>
</pp>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="det" gloss="yon"/>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="blind"/>
+ <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="woman"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/>
<pp role="comitative">
- <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
+ <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="knife"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for woman/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for knife/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.4
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<s>
<np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> - <s> - <np role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <pp role="comitative"> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l uː">luː</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="f i r u">firu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="s a p a">sapa</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="r uː">ruː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="w a f i m a">wafima</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="h uː n a">huːna</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" ph="p a n a">pana</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.">
<flat>
<word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l uː">luː</word>
- <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="f i r u">firu</word>
+ <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="f u r u" underlying="f i r u">furu</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="s a p a">sapa</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="r uː">ruː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="w a f i m a">wafima</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="h uː n a">huːna</word>
- <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a f i">wafi</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" ph="p a n a">pana</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="nomphr" translation="The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice."> <flat> - <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l uː">luː</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="f u r u" underlying="f i r u">furu</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="s a p a">sapa</word> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" ph="r uː">ruː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="w a f i m a">wafima</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" ph="h uː n a">huːna</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ" ph="p a n a">pana</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="det" gloss="yon" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">luː</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="three" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" underlying="f i r u">furu</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">kihiːra</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="blind" role="obj" def="def" number="plur" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">sapa</word> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">sana</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="woman" role="subj" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">ruː</word> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">wafima</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="knife" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" case="LOC" gender="cl.4">huːna</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.1.OBJ">pana</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">luː</span><br><span class="gls">yon</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">firu</span><br><span class="gls">three</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kihiːra</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sapa</span><br><span class="gls">blind</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sana</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ruː</span><br><span class="gls">woman</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafima</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">huːna</span><br><span class="gls">knife</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pana</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>luː furu kihiːra sapa sana laː ruː wafima laː huːnasuːfuː lani wafi sisi pana</p> + <p>luu furu kihiira sapa sana laa ruu wafima laa huunasuufuu lani wafi sisi pana</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>luː</o> + <g>yon</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>firu</o> + <g>three</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kihiːra</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sapa</o> + <g>blind</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sana</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ruː</o> + <g>woman</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafima</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>huːna</o> + <g>knife</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafi</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pana</o> + <g>3.plur.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Luu furu kihiira sapa sana laa ruu wafima laa huunasuufuu lani wafi sisi pana. [luː furu kihiːra sapa sana laː ruː wafima laː huːnasuːfuː lani wafi sisi pana] luː yon firu three kihiːra mouse sapa blind sana plur laː the ruː woman wafima COMIT laː the huːna knife -siːfiː cl.4 lani ACT wafi catch sisi PAST pana 3.plur.cl.1.OBJ “The woman with the knife caught those three blind mice.” | (1) |
In the following, we shall look at the various components in more details.
All nominal phrase clitics in Huti are enclitics (placed finally), and there are two types: a clitic expressing number, comprising sana /sana/ ‘plur’ followed by a clitic expressing case, comprising lani /lani/ ‘ACT’, tani /tani/ ‘DAT’, miika /miːka/ ‘INS’, nini /nini/ ‘VOC’, paari /paːri/ ‘ALL’, tisa /tisa/ ‘LOC’, hanaa /hanaː/ ‘ABL’ and paaka /paːka/ ‘PART’.
The morphology of the elements of the nominal phrase, i.e., nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns, is described below, as is the way that possession is expressed in Huti.
The Noun
The noun in Huti consists of the root followed by an optional suffix expressing gender, comprising -fafii /-fafiː/ ‘cl.2’, -mapa /-mapa/ ‘cl.3’ and -siifii /-siːfiː/ ‘cl.4’.
The noun displays the following derivational morphology: 39 suffixes, namely -mani /-mani/ ‘little’, -raafa /-raːfa/ ‘big’, -nali /-nali/ ‘old’, -nalaa /-nalaː/ ‘new’, -sawa /-sawa/ ‘good’, -pimi /-pimi/ ‘bad’, -nata /-nata/ ‘make’, -marii /-mariː/ ‘help’, -riki /-riki/ ‘have’, -fiifaa /-fiːfaː/ ‘use’, -lasaa /-lasaː/ ‘see’, -sisa /-sisa/ ‘break’, -wiita /-wiːta/ ‘eat’, -niiwa /-niːwa/ ‘drink’, -riwi /-riwi/ ‘wear’, -fami /-fami/ ‘own’, -fipaa /-fipaː/ ‘contain’, -waami /-waːmi/ ‘hold’, -rinaa /-rinaː/ ‘lack’, -niti /-niti/ ‘touch’, -sita /-sita/ ‘carry’, -tiina /-tiːna/ ‘find’, -paala /-paːla/ ‘hunt’, -kina /-kina/ ‘guard’, -fifii /-fifiː/ ‘search’, -tifaa /-tifaː/ ‘learn’, -niila /-niːla/ ‘teach’, -tiitii /-tiːtiː/ ‘follow’, -kini /-kini/ ‘chase’, -narii /-nariː/ ‘build’, -lisii /-lisiː/ ‘burn’, -pinaa /-pinaː/ ‘hit’, -nana /-nana/ ‘take’, -paafii /-paːfiː/ ‘cut’, -piwaa /-piwaː/ ‘hear’, -pafi /-pafi/ ‘know’, -hanii /-haniː/ ‘love’, -lati /-lati/ ‘protect’ and -sina /-sina/ ‘possess’
The Adjective
The adjective in Huti stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Numerals
The numeral in Huti stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Determiners
The determiner in Huti stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
Pronouns
The pronoun in Huti stands alone without any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
In Huti, subject pronouns (but not object pronouns ones) are dropped unless they are stressed. Here is an example where neither of the pronouns are stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n iː">haniː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl).">
<flat>
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word>
- <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n iː">haniː</thingy>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n uː" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="love2" translation="He (the boy) loves her (the girl)."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n uː" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">fuː</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuː</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-haniː</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>fuːhanuː fasi</p> + <p>fuuhanuu fasi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>fuː</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-haniː</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Fuuhanuu fasi. [fuːhanuː fasi] fuː girl -haniː love fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ “He (the boy) loves her (the girl).” | (2) |
But here, the word corresponding to he (i.e., the subject) is stressed:
initial XML:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
submodule transform_verb_obj<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="obj" output="aspron" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n iː">haniː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her.">
<flat>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word>
- <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n iː">haniː</thingy>
+ <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n uː" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="love2he" translation="*He* loves her."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="love₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f uː">fuː</word> - <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="h a n uː" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">kuː</word> + <word gloss="girl" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">fuː</word> + <thingy gloss="love₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" underlying="h a n iː">hanuː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuː</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-haniː</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>kuː fuːhanuː fasi</p> + <p>kuu fuuhanuu fasi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuː</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-haniː</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Kuu fuuhanuu fasi. [kuː fuːhanuː fasi] kuː 3.sing.cl.2 fuː girl -haniː love fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ “He loves her.” | (3) |
Proper Nouns
initial XML:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>hate</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>NN1</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>NN2</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>hate</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>NN1</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>NN2</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="hate"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for NN2/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for NN1/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
-<example id="loveprop" translation="NN1 hates NN2."> +<example id="loveprop" translation="Nalila hates Kapipa."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN2" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="NN1" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Kapipa" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes" ph="k aː p i p a">kaːpipa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Nalila" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="n a l i l aː">nalilaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p i f a w aː">pifawaː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="loveprop" translation="Nalila hates Kapipa."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Kapipa" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes" ph="k aː p i p a">kaːpipa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="Nalila" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes" ph="n a l i l aː">nalilaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p i f a w aː">pifawaː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Kapipa" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" propernoun="yes">kaːpipa</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="Nalila" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" propernoun="yes">nalilaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="hate" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">pifawaː</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaːpipa</span><br><span class="gls">Kapipa</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nalilaː</span><br><span class="gls">Nalila</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pifawaː</span><br><span class="gls">hate</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kaːpipa laː nalilaːfafiː lani pifawaː fasi saːli</p> + <p>laa Kaapipa laa Nalilaafafii lani pifawaa fasi saali</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaːpipa</o> + <g>Kapipa</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nalilaː</o> + <g>Nalila</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pifawaː</o> + <g>hate</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa Kaapipa laa Nalilaafafii lani pifawaa fasi saali. [laː kaːpipa laː nalilaːfafiː lani pifawaː fasi saːli] laː the kaːpipa Kapipa laː the nalilaː Nalila -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT pifawaː hate fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ “Nalila hates Kapipa.” | (4) |
Possession
initial XML:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1" translation="the boy's apple"> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">papina</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">likiː</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">papina</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p> + <p>laː likiːfafiː laː papina</p> + <p>laa likiifafii laa papina</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>likiː</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>papina</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
laa likiifafii laa papina [laː likiːfafiː laː papina] laː the likiː boy -fafiː cl.2 laː the papina apple “the boy’s apple” | (5) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" output="aspron" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso1b" translation="his (the boy's) apple"> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA">kuː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">papina</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">papina</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p> + <p>kuː laː papina</p> + <p>kuu laa papina</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>papina</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
kuu laa papina [kuː laː papina] kuː 3.sing.cl.2 laː the papina apple “his (the boy’s) apple” | (6) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> </np> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl" case="STA"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl" case="STA"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl" case="STA"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl" case="STA">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="1excl" case="STA"> + <flat> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="l a">la</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso2" translation="my apple"> <flat> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="l a">la</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA">la</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">papina</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">la</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">papina</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span></p> + <p>la laː papina</p> + <p>la laa papina</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>la</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>papina</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
la laa papina [la laː papina] la 1excl.sing laː the papina apple “my apple” | (7) |
initial XML:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kiss</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>neighbour</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kiss</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>neighbour</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> - </np> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <np role="subj"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + </np> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ACT"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ACT"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.2">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA" role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" case="ACT" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="ACT"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="ACT" role="subj"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA" role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="ACT" role="subj"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for neighbour/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="w i t a w iː">witawiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="h i f a">hifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT" ph="w iː">wiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k a n i r i">kaniri</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="posso3" translation="The hunter's daughter kissed your neighbour's son."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="w i t a w iː">witawiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="h i f a">hifa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT" ph="w iː">wiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="k a n i r i">kaniri</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA">riː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="neighbour" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">witawiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">hifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="ACT">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="ACT">wiː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kiss" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">kaniri</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">riː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">witawiː</span><br><span class="gls">neighbour</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hifa</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiːsani</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiː</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaniri</span><br><span class="gls">kiss</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>riː laː witawiːfafiː laː hifafafiː laː kiːsanifafiː laː wiː lani kaniri sisi tita</p> + <p>rii laa witawiifafii laa hifafafii laa kiisanifafii laa wii lani kaniri sisi tita</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>riː</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>witawiː</o> + <g>neighbour</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hifa</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiːsani</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiː</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaniri</o> + <g>kiss</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Rii laa witawiifafii laa hifafafii laa kiisanifafii laa wii lani kaniri sisi tita. [riː laː witawiːfafiː laː hifafafiː laː kiːsanifafiː laː wiː lani kaniri sisi tita] riː 2.sing laː the witawiː neighbour -fafiː cl.2 laː the hifa son -fafiː cl.2 laː the kiːsani hunter -fafiː cl.2 laː the wiː daughter lani ACT kaniri kiss sisi PAST tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ “The hunter’s daughter kissed your neighbour’s son.” | (8) |
Derivation
initial XML:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.4
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb0" translation="a lamb"> <flat> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">naliːsa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span></p> + <p>naliːsasiːfiː</p> + <p>naliisasiifii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
naliisasiifii [naliːsasiːfiː] naliːsa lamb -siːfiː cl.4 “a lamb” | (9) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</example>module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> + </word> </np> </example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.4
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb">
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb1" translation="a little lamb"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.4">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mani</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span></p> + <p>naliːsamanisiːfiː</p> + <p>naliisamanisiifii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mani</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
naliisamanisiifii [naliːsamanisiːfiː] naliːsa lamb -mani little -siːfiː cl.4 “a little lamb” | (10) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
submodule transform_adj<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="r i k i">riki</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb2" translation="She had a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="r i k i">riki</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">mani</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">riki</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mani</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-riki</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>naliːsamaniriki sisi</p> + <p>naliisamaniriki sisi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mani</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-riki</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Naliisamaniriki sisi. [naliːsamaniriki sisi] naliːsa lamb -mani little -riki have sisi PAST “She had a little lamb.” | (11) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_obj
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>submodule transform_verb_verb
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
+ </word>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
- </np>
- </subs>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb"> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> </word> </vp> </s> </example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
<thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/>
</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - </word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="r i k i">riki</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="f i l aː">filaː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb3" translation="She wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="want₁" type="verbverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₁" type="nounverbderivbef" origposp="verb" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> - <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="r i k i">riki</thingy> - <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb" attach="suffix" ph="f i l aː">filaː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="verb" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" subj="3.sing.cl.1">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">mani</thingy> + <thingy gloss="have₂" type="nounverbderivaft" origposp="verb">riki</thingy> + <thingy gloss="want₂" type="verbverbderivaft" origposp="verb">filaː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mani</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-riki</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-filaː</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span></p> + <p>naliːsamanirikifilaː sisi</p> + <p>naliisamanirikifilaa sisi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mani</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-riki</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-filaː</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Naliisamanirikifilaa sisi. [naliːsamanirikifilaː sisi] naliːsa lamb -mani little -riki have -filaː want sisi PAST “She wanted to have a little lamb.” | (12) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.4
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb.">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> - <s> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p aː w i">paːwi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="f aː f uː">faːfuː</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="s i">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="lamb4" translation="She often wanted to have a little lamb."> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p aː w i">paːwi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="f aː f uː">faːfuː</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="s i">si</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">paːwi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">faːfuː</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mani</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːwi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pati</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faːfuː</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>naliːsamanisiːfiː lani paːwi sisi pati kafa faːfuː si sisi saːli</p> + <p>naliisamanisiifii lani paawi sisi pati kafa faafuu si sisi saali</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mani</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːwi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pati</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faːfuː</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Naliisamanisiifii lani paawi sisi pati kafa faafuu si sisi saali. [naliːsamanisiːfiː lani paːwi sisi pati kafa faːfuː si sisi saːli] naliːsa lamb -mani little -siːfiː cl.4 lani ACT paːwi have sisi PAST pati 3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ kafa COMP faːfuː want si often sisi PAST saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ “She often wanted to have a little lamb.” | (13) |
initial XML:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes">
<verb>be</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>think</verb>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>want</verb>
<adv>often</adv>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>have</verb>
</vp>
<np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj">
<noun>lamb</noun>
<adj>little</adj>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state" question="yes" negation="yes"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>think</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>want</verb> - <adv>often</adv> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj"> - <noun>lamb</noun> - <adj>little</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
- <np def="indef" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </subs> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
<word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
submodule transform_adj
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lamb"/>
- <word posp="adj" gloss="little"/>
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
+ <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
+ </word>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <np role="obj">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA">
<subs>
<np role="obj">
<subs>
- <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module addgender:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun"> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> </word> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" output="aspron" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
- <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun">
+ <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="want"/>
- <word posp="adv" gloss="often"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for lamb/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.4
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<s>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/>
</word>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> - <s> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> + <flat> <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - </word> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> - </np> - <vp question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj"/> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q"/> + <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p aː w i">paːwi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="f aː f uː">faːfuː</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="s i">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w i m u">wimu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing" ph="s i n i">sini</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="w a m aː">wamaː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" ph="n a s i">nasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q" ph="w aː f i">waːfi</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?">
<flat>
<thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word>
<thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p aː w i">paːwi</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy>
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i">ki</word>
<word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="f aː f uː">faːfuː</word>
<word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="s i">si</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w i m u">wimu</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w u m u" underlying="w i m u">wumu</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing" ph="s i n i">sini</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="w a m aː">wamaː</thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" ph="n a s i">nasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q" ph="w aː f i">waːfi</thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="lamb5" translation="Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?"> <flat> - <thingy gloss="little₁" type="nounnounderivbef" origposp="adj" attach="prefix" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="n a l iː s a">naliːsa</word> - <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj" attach="suffix" ph="m a n i">mani</thingy> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p aː w i">paːwi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" ph="k i">ki</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="f aː f uː">faːfuː</word> - <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="s i">si</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w u m u" underlying="w i m u">wumu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing" ph="s i n i">sini</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG" ph="w a m aː">wamaː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ" ph="n a s i">nasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q" ph="w aː f i">waːfi</thingy> + <word gloss="lamb" lexposp="noun" posp="noun" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">naliːsa</word> + <thingy gloss="little₂" type="nounnounderivaft" origposp="adj">mani</thingy> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" subj="3.sing.cl.4">paːwi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="want" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">faːfuː</word> + <word posp="adv" gloss="often" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">si</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="think" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" underlying="w i m u">wumu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" question="Q" negation="NEG" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="2.sing">sini</word> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="NEG">wamaː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.SUBJ">nasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="Q">waːfi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naliːsa</span><br><span class="gls">lamb</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mani</span><br><span class="gls">little</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːwi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pati</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faːfuː</span><br><span class="gls">want</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">si</span><br><span class="gls">often</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wimu</span><br><span class="gls">think</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sini</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wamaː</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NEG</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nasi</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">waːfi</span><br><span class="gls">Q</span></span></p> + <p>naliːsamanisiːfiː lani paːwi sisi pati kafa ki faːfuː si sisi saːli kafa wumu sisi saːli kafa sini wamaː nasi saːli waːfi</p> + <p>naliisamanisiifii lani paawi sisi pati kafa ki faafuu si sisi saali kafa wumu sisi saali kafa sini wamaa nasi saali waafi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>naliːsa</o> + <g>lamb</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mani</o> + <g>little</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːwi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pati</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ki</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faːfuː</o> + <g>want</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>si</o> + <g>often</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wimu</o> + <g>think</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sini</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wamaː</o> + <g>NEG</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nasi</o> + <g>2.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>waːfi</o> + <g>Q</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Naliisamanisiifii lani paawi sisi pati kafa ki faafuu si sisi saali kafa wumu sisi saali kafa sini wamaa nasi saali waafi? [naliːsamanisiːfiː lani paːwi sisi pati kafa ki faːfuː si sisi saːli kafa wumu sisi saːli kafa sini wamaː nasi saːli waːfi] naliːsa lamb -mani little -siːfiː cl.4 lani ACT paːwi have sisi PAST pati 3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ kafa COMP ki 3.sing.cl.1 faːfuː want si often sisi PAST saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kafa COMP wimu think sisi PAST saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kafa COMP sini be wamaː NEG nasi 2.sing.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ waːfi Q “Are you not one of those who thought that she often wanted to have a little lamb?” | (14) |
Compounding
Verbs
Inflectional Categories
All verbal phrase clitics in Huti are enclitics (placed finally), and there are 9 types: first, a clitic expressing ta, comprising sisi /sisi/ ‘PAST’; second, a clitic expressing mode, comprising kini /kini/ ‘imperative’, wawa /wawa/ ‘conditional’ and nawa /nawa/ ‘optative’; third, a clitic expressing voice, comprising tafi /tafi/ ‘passive’; fourth, a clitic expressing negation, comprising wamaa /wamaː/ ‘NEG’; fifth, a clitic expressing subj, comprising mata /mata/ ‘1incl.sing’, tara /tara/ ‘1excl.sing’, nasi /nasi/ ‘2.sing’, fasi /fasi/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, hiisa /hiːsa/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, pati /pati/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, hata /hata/ ‘1incl.plur’, nipa /nipa/ ‘1excl.plur’, lama /lama/ ‘2.plur’, nala /nala/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, paasa /paːsa/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, fiila /fiːla/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’ and waahaa /waːhaː/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’; sixth, a clitic expressing obj, comprising naata /naːta/ ‘1incl.sing’, rari /rari/ ‘1excl.sing’, raaka /raːka/ ‘2.sing’, saali /saːli/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, tita /tita/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, fiha /fiha/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, saata /saːta/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, naakii /naːkiː/ ‘1incl.plur’, laanii /laːniː/ ‘1excl.plur’, filii /filiː/ ‘2.plur’, pana /pana/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, palaa /palaː/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, kikii /kikiː/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’ and fanii /faniː/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’; seventh, a clitic expressing indobj, comprising taki /taki/ ‘1incl.sing’, lali /lali/ ‘1excl.sing’, sali /sali/ ‘2.sing’, fara /fara/ ‘3.sing.cl.1’, kapa /kapa/ ‘3.sing.cl.2’, miwa /miwa/ ‘3.sing.cl.3’, wipi /wipi/ ‘3.sing.cl.4’, piri /piri/ ‘1incl.plur’, saasa /saːsa/ ‘1excl.plur’, mipa /mipa/ ‘2.plur’, sawa /sawa/ ‘3.plur.cl.1’, naasii /naːsiː/ ‘3.plur.cl.2’, kami /kami/ ‘3.plur.cl.3’ and saki /saki/ ‘3.plur.cl.4’; eighth, a clitic expressing question, comprising waafi /waːfi/ ‘Q’; and finally, ninth, a clitic expressing comp, comprising kafa /kafa/ ‘COMP’.
The verb itself does not have any prefixes or suffixes attached to it.
The verb displays the following derivational morphology: 19 suffixes, namely -milii /-miliː/ ‘begin’, -laafa /-laːfa/ ‘stop’, -tiiwa /-tiːwa/ ‘continue’, -wiraa /-wiraː/ ‘try’, -kama /-kama/ ‘start’, -filaa /-filaː/ ‘want’, -fapi /-fapi/ ‘can’, -siraa /-siraː/ ‘finish’, -fala /-fala/ ‘need’, -siima /-siːma/ ‘decide’, -kiiti /-kiːti/ ‘fail’, -rahi /-rahi/ ‘hope’, -mana /-mana/ ‘must’, -siwa /-siwa/ ‘pretend’, -sasa /-sasa/ ‘let’, -tiipa /-tiːpa/ ‘force’, -naara /-naːra/ ‘keep’, -niirii /-niːriː/ ‘cause’ and -tiiwi /-tiːwi/ ‘allow’
initial XML:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="love" translation="I love you.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l iː p i">liːpi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="love" translation="I love you."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l iː p i">liːpi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">riː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">liːpi</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">raːka</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">riː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liːpi</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">raːka</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>riː liːpi tara raːka</p> + <p>rii liipi tara raaka</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>riː</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>liːpi</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>raːka</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Rii liipi tara raaka. [riː liːpi tara raːka] riː 2.sing liːpi love tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ raːka 2.sing.OBJ “I love you.” | (15) |
Adverbs Minor Classes
Adpositions
There is one type of clitic in the adpositional phrase, namely an enclitic (placed finally), expressing root.
initial XML:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>table</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>table</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
- </np>
</pp>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for table/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table">
<pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">
<word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC">
<word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="l a k uː">lakuː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC" ph="p i f i">pifi</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC" ph="w iː f aː">wiːfaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t i s a">tisa</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos1" translation="on the table"> <flat> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes" ph="l a k uː">lakuː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC" ph="p i f i">pifi</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC" ph="w iː f aː">wiːfaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t i s a">tisa</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="yes">lakuː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="table" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" case="LOC">pifi</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">mapa</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="LOC">wiːfaː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">tisa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lakuː</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pifi</span><br><span class="gls">table</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mapa</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiːfaː</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tisa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span></p> + <p>lakuː laː pifimapa wiːfaː tisa</p> + <p>lakuu laa pifimapa wiifaa tisa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>lakuː</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pifi</o> + <g>table</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mapa</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiːfaː</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tisa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
lakuu laa pifimapa wiifaa tisa [lakuː laː pifimapa wiːfaː tisa] lakuː in laː the pifi table -mapa cl.3 wiːfaː surface tisa LOC “on the table” | (16) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing">
<noun>box</noun>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>box</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT">
+ <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
<np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp"/>
- <np type="owner_owned" case="DAT" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
- </np>
</pp>
</example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for box/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box">
<pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">
<word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT">
<word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</pp>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> - <pp p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"> + <flat> <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="l iː w a">liːwa</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT" ph="f a s aː t iː">fasaːtiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT" ph="f iː h a">fiːha</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos2" translation="into the box"> <flat> - <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes" ph="l iː w a">liːwa</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT" ph="f a s aː t iː">fasaːtiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT" ph="f iː h a">fiːha</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> + <word gloss="to" posp="pp" p="to" location="inside" precise="yes">liːwa</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="box" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4" case="DAT">fasaːtiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.1" case="DAT">fiːha</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">tani</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liːwa</span><br><span class="gls">to</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasaːtiː</span><br><span class="gls">box</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fiːha</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span></p> + <p>liːwa laː fasaːtiːsiːfiː fiːha tani</p> + <p>liiwa laa fasaatiisiifii fiiha tani</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>liːwa</o> + <g>to</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasaːtiː</o> + <g>box</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fiːha</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tani</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
liiwa laa fasaatiisiifii fiiha tani [liːwa laː fasaːtiːsiːfiː fiːha tani] liːwa to laː the fasaːtiː box -siːfiː cl.4 fiːha inside tani DAT “into the box” | (17) |
initial XML:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module articles:
No change.
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number"> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </pp> </example>
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me">
<pp role="comitative">
<word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/>
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/>
</np>
</pp>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <pp role="comitative"> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> </np> </pp> </example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> - <pp role="comitative"> + <flat> <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> - </pp> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC"/> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="w a f i m a">wafima</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="l a">la</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t i s a">tisa</thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="adpos3" translation="with me"> <flat> - <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative" ph="w a f i m a">wafima</word> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="l a">la</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="t i s a">tisa</thingy> + <word gloss="COMIT" posp="pp" role="comitative">wafima</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" case="LOC">la</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="LOC">tisa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafima</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMIT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">la</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tisa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span></p> + <p>wafima la tisa</p> + <p>wafima la tisa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>wafima</o> + <g>COMIT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>la</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tisa</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
wafima la tisa [wafima la tisa] wafima COMIT la 1excl.sing tisa LOC “with me” | (18) |
Syntax
Basic Clause Structure
Constituent Order
Constituent order describes the typical arrangement of the subject (S), verb (V) and object (O) in simple declarative clauses. It is a fundamental parameter in grammatical description and forms one of the clearest ways of characterising the overall structure of a language’s clause system.
Huti adopts Object–Subject–Verb (OSV) as its unmarked word order. The object precedes the subject, and the verb appears clause-finally. OSV is a rare ordering pattern but is attested in a small number of languages.
The following examples illustrate the basic, unmarked, constituent order in Huti.
initial XML:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.3
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3" ph="k a f i n aː">kafinaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3" ph="n a t iː">natiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3.SUBJ" ph="h iː s a">hiːsa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="wo1" translation="The jaguar killed the hunter."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3" ph="k a f i n aː">kafinaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3" ph="n a t iː">natiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3.SUBJ" ph="h iː s a">hiːsa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.3">kafinaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">mapa</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.3">natiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.3.SUBJ">hiːsa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiːsani</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafinaː</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mapa</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">natiː</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hiːsa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.3.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kiːsanifafiː laː kafinaːmapa lani natiː sisi hiːsa tita</p> + <p>laa kiisanifafii laa kafinaamapa lani natii sisi hiisa tita</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiːsani</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafinaː</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mapa</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>natiː</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hiːsa</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.3.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kiisanifafii laa kafinaamapa lani natii sisi hiisa tita. [laː kiːsanifafiː laː kafinaːmapa lani natiː sisi hiːsa tita] laː the kiːsani hunter -fafiː cl.2 laː the kafinaː jaguar -mapa cl.3 lani ACT natiː kill sisi PAST hiːsa 3.sing.cl.3.SUBJ tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ “The jaguar killed the hunter.” | (19) |
initial XML:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>daughter</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>dog</noun>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>daughter</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>dog</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA">
- <np type="owner_owned">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
</np>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> </np> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.1">
- <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2">
+ <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA">
+ <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1">
+ <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np role="obj" case="STA" number="sing" gender="cl.1"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA" role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <s> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA" role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.1" number="sing" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </s> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="dog"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for daughter/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for dog/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.4
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="w iː">wiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="k aː">kaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p a t a">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="w iː">wiː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="k aː">kaː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word>
- <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p a t a">pata</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="wo2" translation="The lion ate the hunter's daughter's dog."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="w iː">wiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA" ph="k aː">kaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4" ph="p a t a">pata</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ" ph="p a t i">pati</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" gender="cl.2" case="STA">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="daughter" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">wiː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dog" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.1" case="STA">kaː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.4">matuka</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.4">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ">pati</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiːsani</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiː</span><br><span class="gls">daughter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kaː</span><br><span class="gls">dog</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">matuka</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pata</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pati</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.4.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kiːsanifafiː laː wiː laː kaː laː matukasuːfuː lani pata sisi pati saːli</p> + <p>laa kiisanifafii laa wii laa kaa laa matukasuufuu lani pata sisi pati saali</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiːsani</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiː</o> + <g>daughter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kaː</o> + <g>dog</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>matuka</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pata</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pati</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kiisanifafii laa wii laa kaa laa matukasuufuu lani pata sisi pati saali. [laː kiːsanifafiː laː wiː laː kaː laː matukasuːfuː lani pata sisi pati saːli] laː the kiːsani hunter -fafiː cl.2 laː the wiː daughter laː the kaː dog laː the matuka lion -siːfiː cl.4 lani ACT pata eat sisi PAST pati 3.sing.cl.4.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ “The lion ate the hunter’s daughter’s dog.” | (20) |
The language has a fixed constituent order, and major phrases normally appear in a predictable position in the clause. Movement for discourse reasons is highly restricted: topics and foci are expressed not by rearranging elements, but through dedicated constructions such as clefts, focus clauses or topic–comment frames. Constituents remain continuous, and both the relative order of phrases and the internal structure of each phrase are stable. As a result, significant deviations from the basic word order are ungrammatical, and discourse structure is managed through these specialised constructions rather than through word-order variation.
Noun Phrases
Structure and Order
The internal structure of noun phrases in Huti reveals typologically significant preferences in the ordering of nominal constituents. This includes the position of adjectives, numerals, and possessors relative to the noun, each of which can offer clues to the overall headedness of the language.
Possessive constructions are head-final: the possessor precedes the possessed noun. For example, Huti expresses “the child’s toy” with the equivalent of “child toy”. This ordering is found in many SOV and postpositional languages and aligns with a broader tendency towards modifier-first structures.
initial XML:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np number="sing" def="neither">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>son</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>friend</noun>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def">
<noun>book</noun>
</np>
</np>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np number="sing" def="neither"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>son</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>friend</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def"> - <noun>book</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> </np> </np> </example>
module articles:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned">
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
No change.
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book"/>
</np>
</np>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> + <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4"> + <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </np> </example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="STA" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> - <np type="owner_owned" role="owner" gender="cl.2" number="sing" case="STA"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> </example>
movedowntoword:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> </example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for son/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for friend/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for book/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.4
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book">
<np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> - <np number="sing" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" person="2" case="STA"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="h i f a">hifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="n i f a">nifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA" ph="s iː h aː">siːhaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="poss3" translation="your son's friend's book"> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="h i f a">hifa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA" ph="n i f a">nifa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA" ph="s iː h aː">siːhaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" locus="number" role="owner" case="STA">riː</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="son" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">hifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="friend" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.2" case="STA">nifa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="book" number="sing" def="def" locus="number" role="owned" gender="cl.4" case="STA">siːhaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4">siːfiː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">riː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hifa</span><br><span class="gls">son</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nifa</span><br><span class="gls">friend</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siːhaː</span><br><span class="gls">book</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span></p> + <p>riː laː hifafafiː laː nifafafiː laː siːhaːsiːfiː</p> + <p>rii laa hifafafii laa nifafafii laa siihaasiifii</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>riː</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hifa</o> + <g>son</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nifa</o> + <g>friend</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siːhaː</o> + <g>book</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
rii laa hifafafii laa nifafafii laa siihaasiifii [riː laː hifafafiː laː nifafafiː laː siːhaːsiːfiː] riː 2.sing laː the hifa son -fafiː cl.2 laː the nifa friend -fafiː cl.2 laː the siːhaː book -siːfiː cl.4 “your son’s friend’s book” | (21) |
Case Marking
Huti uses active case marking. Intransitive subjects are divided according to how they participate in the event. More agent-like subjects, such as the subject of ‘run’ or ‘shout’, pattern with transitive subjects and take the active or agentive case. Less agent-like subjects, such as the subject of ‘sleep’ or ‘be ill’, pattern with transitive objects and take the patientive or absolutive case. This system makes sense where the grammar treats control, volition or affectedness as more important than the simple distinction between subject and object.
initial XML:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-state">
<verb>sleep</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-state"> - <verb>sleep</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k i r aː">kiraː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_stat" translation="The cat is sleeping."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="k i r aː">kiraː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="sleep" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">kiraː</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiraː</span><br><span class="gls">sleep</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː naːfafiː kiraː fasi</p> + <p>laa naafafii kiraa fasi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiraː</o> + <g>sleep</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa naafafii kiraa fasi. [laː naːfafiː kiraː fasi] laː the naː cat -fafiː cl.2 kiraː sleep fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ “The cat is sleeping.” | (22) |
initial XML:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>run</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>run</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> - </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="run"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="m a k i">maki</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="intr_act" translation="The cat is running."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="m a k i">maki</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="run" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.cl.2">maki</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maki</span><br><span class="gls">run</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː naːfafiː lani maki fasi</p> + <p>laa naafafii lani maki fasi</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maki</o> + <g>run</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa naafafii lani maki fasi. [laː naːfafiː lani maki fasi] laː the naː cat -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT maki run fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ “The cat is running.” | (23) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont">
<verb>chase</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont"> - <verb>chase</verb> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q"> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES">
+ <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f i l u r a">filura</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f i l u r a">filura</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f u l u r a" underlying="f i l u r a">fulura</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="tr_pres" translation="The cat is chasing the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="f u l u r a" underlying="f i l u r a">fulura</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">kihiːra</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="chase" tam="pres-cont" negation="POS" question="not.Q" ta="PRES" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="f i l u r a">fulura</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kihiːra</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">filura</span><br><span class="gls">chase</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kihiːra laː naːfafiː lani fulura fasi saːli</p> + <p>laa kihiira laa naafafii lani fulura fasi saali</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kihiːra</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>filura</o> + <g>chase</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kihiira laa naafafii lani fulura fasi saali. [laː kihiːra laː naːfafiː lani fulura fasi saːli] laː the kihiːra mouse laː the naː cat -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT filura chase fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ “The cat is chasing the mouse.” | (24) |
initial XML:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="tr_past" translation="The cat caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" number="sing" def="def" role="obj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">kihiːra</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" number="sing" def="def" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kihiːra</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kihiːra laː naːfafiː lani wafi sisi fasi saːli</p> + <p>laa kihiira laa naafafii lani wafi sisi fasi saali</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kihiːra</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafi</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kihiira laa naafafii lani wafi sisi fasi saali. [laː kihiːra laː naːfafiː lani wafi sisi fasi saːli] laː the kihiːra mouse laː the naː cat -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT wafi catch sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ “The cat caught the mouse.” | (25) |
Conjunctions
Here is an example of a conjunction.
initial XML:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>kill</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>hunter</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>jaguar</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>tiger</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur">
<noun>lion</noun>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>kill</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>hunter</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>jaguar</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>tiger</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <noun>lion</noun> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </conjp> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
<conjp conj="and">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
+ <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flattenconjp:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
- <conjp conj="and">
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
- <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4">
+ <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
- </conjp>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur">
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="plur"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> </s> </example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="lion"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="kill"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for jaguar/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for tiger/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for lion/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for hunter/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and"/>
<np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="k a f i n aː">kafinaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="f aː f a p a">faːfapa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="n a t iː">natiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="p a l aː">palaː</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="k a f i n aː">kafinaː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="f aː f a p a">faːfapa</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy>
<word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word>
- <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s iː f iː">siːfiː</thingy>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="n a t iː">natiː</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="p a l aː">palaː</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="conj1" translation="The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="k a f i n aː">kafinaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m a p a">mapa</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="f aː f a p a">faːfapa</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="t i">ti</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" ph="m a t u k a">matuka</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" attach="suffix" ph="s uː f uː" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur" ph="s a n a">sana</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="k iː s a n i">kiːsani</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="n a t iː">natiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ" ph="p a l aː">palaː</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="jaguar" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">kafinaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">mapa</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">sana</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ti</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="tiger" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.2" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">faːfapa</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">sana</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ti</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="lion" def="def" number="plur" locus="number" gender="cl.4" role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA">matuka</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.4" underlying="s iː f iː">suːfuː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="plur">sana</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="hunter" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">kiːsani</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="kill" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.plur.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.2">natiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.plur.cl.2.OBJ">palaː</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafinaː</span><br><span class="gls">jaguar</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mapa</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sana</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">faːfapa</span><br><span class="gls">tiger</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sana</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ti</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">matuka</span><br><span class="gls">lion</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-siːfiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sana</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kiːsani</span><br><span class="gls">hunter</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">natiː</span><br><span class="gls">kill</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">palaː</span><br><span class="gls">3.plur.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː kafinaːmapa sana ti laː faːfapafafiː sana ti laː matukasuːfuː sana laː kiːsanifafiː lani natiː sisi fasi palaː</p> + <p>laa kafinaamapa sana ti laa faafapafafii sana ti laa matukasuufuu sana laa kiisanifafii lani natii sisi fasi palaa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafinaː</o> + <g>jaguar</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mapa</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sana</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>faːfapa</o> + <g>tiger</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sana</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ti</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>matuka</o> + <g>lion</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-siːfiː</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sana</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kiːsani</o> + <g>hunter</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>natiː</o> + <g>kill</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>palaː</o> + <g>3.plur.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kafinaamapa sana ti laa faafapafafii sana ti laa matukasuufuu sana laa kiisanifafii lani natii sisi fasi palaa. [laː kafinaːmapa sana ti laː faːfapafafiː sana ti laː matukasuːfuː sana laː kiːsanifafiː lani natiː sisi fasi palaː] laː the kafinaː jaguar -mapa cl.3 sana plur ti and laː the faːfapa tiger -fafiː cl.2 sana plur ti and laː the matuka lion -siːfiː cl.4 sana plur laː the kiːsani hunter -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT natiː kill sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ palaː 3.plur.cl.2.OBJ “The hunter killed the jaguars, the tigers and the lions.” | (26) |
Modifiers and Determiners
The ordering of demonstratives, articles (if present), and other modifiers in Huti provides further insight into the structure of the noun phrase. These elements frequently exhibit fixed positions and may reveal whether the language favours head-initial or head-final patterns.
Complex Sentences
Relative Clauses
Huti uses the correlative strategy to form relative clauses. The relative clause is introduced by a dedicated relativiser and appears as an independent clause. The main clause contains a demonstrative that corresponds to the relativiser and identifies the element being modified. The relative clause precedes the main clause when used on its own, and follows the head noun when it functions as a modifier. The internal structure of both clauses is fully finite.
To illustrate how relative clauses work, let us begin with a simple sentence:
initial XML:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cat/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp1" translation="I patted the cat."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2" ph="n aː">naː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat" def="def" number="sing" tr="rheme" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.2">naː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">naː</span><br><span class="gls">cat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːtima</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː naːfafiː paːtima sisi tara tita</p> + <p>laa naafafii paatima sisi tara tita</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>naː</o> + <g>cat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːtima</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa naafafii paatima sisi tara tita. [laː naːfafiː paːtima sisi tara tita] laː the naː cat -fafiː cl.2 paːtima pat sisi PAST tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ “I patted the cat.” | (27) |
We can now add a relative clause modifying the noun:
initial XML:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
- </vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
- </np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for mouse/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp2" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="k i h iː r a">kihiːra</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">kihiːra</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">kuː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kihiːra</span><br><span class="gls">mouse</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːtima</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p> + <p>laː kihiːra wafi sisi fasi saːli kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <p>laa kihiira wafi sisi fasi saali kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kihiːra</o> + <g>mouse</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafi</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːtima</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa kihiira wafi sisi fasi saali kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni. [laː kihiːra wafi sisi fasi saːli kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni] laː the kihiːra mouse wafi catch sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ kuː 3.sing.cl.2 paːtima pat sisi PAST tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ni then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse.” | (28) |
Relative clauses may themselves contain other relative clauses:
initial XML:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- </relp>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
+ </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for cheese/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="h a w aː t iː">hawaːtiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="p a t a">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp3" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="h a w aː t iː">hawaːtiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="p a t a">pata</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese" def="def" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">hawaːtiː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">kuː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hawaːtiː</span><br><span class="gls">cheese</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pata</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːtima</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p> + <p>laː hawaːtiː pata sisi saːli ki wafi sisi fasi saːli ni kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <p>laa hawaatii pata sisi saali ki wafi sisi fasi saali ni kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>hawaːtiː</o> + <g>cheese</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pata</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ki</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafi</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːtima</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa hawaatii pata sisi saali ki wafi sisi fasi saali ni kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni. [laː hawaːtiː pata sisi saːli ki wafi sisi fasi saːli ni kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni] laː the hawaːtiː cheese pata eat sisi PAST saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ki 3.sing.cl.1 wafi catch sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ni then kuː 3.sing.cl.2 paːtima pat sisi PAST tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ni then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese.” | (29) |
Finally, here is an example containing several layers of embedding:
initial XML:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>pat</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>catch</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>cat</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>eat</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this">
<noun>mouse</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>buy</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this">
<noun>cheese</noun>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>pat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>catch</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>cat</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>eat</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this"> - <noun>mouse</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>buy</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this"> - <noun>cheese</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<relp>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</relp>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <relp> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </relp> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ </vp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ </np>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
- <relp>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
- </vp>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np role="obj">
- <relp>
+ </np>
+ </s>
+ <s connector="then">
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
+ <np role="obj">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- </relp>
</np>
- </relp>
- </np>
- </relp>
- </np>
</s>
</example>
module sentenceconnectors:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
<s connector="then">
+ <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np role="obj">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module subordinate:
No change.
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> - </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + </s> + <s connector="then"> <np role="obj"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> + </vp> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" case="STA"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="STA"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> - <np role="obj" case="STA"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron"> + <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2">
+ <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/> </vp> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cheese"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.1"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="mouse"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> </np> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> <s connector="then"> <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" output="aspron" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="cat"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> </np> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/> </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> </s> </example>
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
+ <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addclitics:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
- <np role="obj" case="STA" gender="cl.2" number="sing">
- <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
+ <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
<word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
- </np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.">
<s>
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="buy"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="eat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="catch"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
<s connector="then">
<np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA">
- <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/>
</np>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="pat"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
<word gloss="then" posp="conj"/>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
No change.
flatten:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> - <s> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> + <flat> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.1" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> - <s connector="then"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" gender="cl.2" case="STA"> <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - </np> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l a k a">laka</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="p a t a">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="relp4" translation="I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought."> <flat> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l a k a">laka</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="p a t a">pata</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k i">ki</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="w a f i">wafi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> - <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA" ph="k uː">kuː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing" ph="p aː t i m a">paːtima</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ" ph="t i t a">tita</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="n i">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="buy" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="1excl.sing">laka</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="eat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.1">pata</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.1" gloss="3.sing.cl.1" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">ki</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="catch" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">wafi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> + <word posp="pron" number="sing" gender="cl.2" gloss="3.sing.cl.2" def="def" role="obj" head="this" locus="number" case="STA">kuː</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="pat" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="1excl.sing">paːtima</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.OBJ">tita</thingy> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ni</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laka</span><br><span class="gls">buy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pata</span><br><span class="gls">eat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ki</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wafi</span><br><span class="gls">catch</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuː</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">paːtima</span><br><span class="gls">pat</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tita</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ni</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span></p> + <p>ki laka sisi tara saːli ki pata sisi saːli ni ki wafi sisi fasi saːli ni kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <p>ki laka sisi tara saali ki pata sisi saali ni ki wafi sisi fasi saali ni kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ki</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laka</o> + <g>buy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ki</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pata</o> + <g>eat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ki</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wafi</o> + <g>catch</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kuː</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>paːtima</o> + <g>pat</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tita</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ni</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Ki laka sisi tara saali ki pata sisi saali ni ki wafi sisi fasi saali ni kuu paatima sisi tara tita ni. [ki laka sisi tara saːli ki pata sisi saːli ni ki wafi sisi fasi saːli ni kuː paːtima sisi tara tita ni] ki 3.sing.cl.1 laka buy sisi PAST tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ki 3.sing.cl.1 pata eat sisi PAST saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ni then ki 3.sing.cl.1 wafi catch sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ ni then kuː 3.sing.cl.2 paːtima pat sisi PAST tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ tita 3.sing.cl.2.OBJ ni then “I patted the cat that caught the mouse that ate the cheese that I bought.” | (30) |
Complementation Strategies
Huti marks complement clauses with subordinating verbal morphology. The embedded verb is fully finite and carries a subordinating suffix that identifies the clause as a complement. No structural changes occur within the clause apart from this verbal marking.
The following example illustrate how complement clauses function:
initial XML:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>surprise</verb>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>give</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj">
<noun>apple</noun>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj">
<noun>teacher</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>surprise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>give</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj"> - <noun>apple</noun> + <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj"> - <noun>teacher</noun> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
- <np number="sing" def="indef" role="obj" locus="number">
+ <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> <np role="subj"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
<np role="subj">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj"> - <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np role="subj"> + <subs> <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </subs> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> + </vp> + </subs> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="subj"> + <np role="subj" case="ACT"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="subj" case="ACT"> + <np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="apple"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for teacher/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for apple/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<s>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> - <s> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"> + <flat> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np role="subj" case="ACT" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"> <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="s iː s aː n aː">siːsaːnaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="f uː">fuː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p i l u">pilu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ" ph="f a r a">fara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a l i s iː">walisiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ" ph="k a p a">kapa</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.">
<flat>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="s iː s aː n aː">siːsaːnaː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy>
<word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="f uː">fuː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy>
<word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word>
<thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
- <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p i l u">pilu</word>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p u l u" underlying="p i l u">pulu</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ" ph="f a r a">fara</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy>
<word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a l i s iː">walisiː</word>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ" ph="k a p a">kapa</thingy>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy>
</flat>
</example>
removetags:
<example id="comp1" translation="It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple."> <flat> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2" ph="s iː s aː n aː">siːsaːnaː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1" ph="p a p i n a">papina</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="f uː">fuː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="p u l u" underlying="p i l u">pulu</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ" ph="s aː l i">saːli</thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ" ph="f a r a">fara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1" ph="w a l i s iː">walisiː</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ" ph="k a p a">kapa</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="teacher" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.2">siːsaːnaː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">tani</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="apple" number="sing" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" gender="cl.1">papina</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" number="sing" def="def" role="indobj" tr="rheme" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">fuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">tani</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" number="sing" def="def" head="this" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="give" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" comp="COMP" obj="3.sing.cl.1" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" underlying="p i l u">pulu</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.OBJ">saːli</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ">fara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="surprise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" indobj="3.sing.cl.2" subj="3.sing.cl.1">walisiː</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ">kapa</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">siːsaːnaː</span><br><span class="gls">teacher</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">papina</span><br><span class="gls">apple</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuː</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">likiː</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pilu</span><br><span class="gls">give</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saːli</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fara</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">walisiː</span><br><span class="gls">surprise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kapa</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>laː siːsaːnaːfafiː tani papina laː fuː tani laː likiːfafiː lani pulu sisi fasi saːli fara kafa lani walisiː sisi kapa</p> + <p>laa siisaanaafafii tani papina laa fuu tani laa likiifafii lani pulu sisi fasi saali fara kafa lani walisii sisi kapa</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>siːsaːnaː</o> + <g>teacher</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tani</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>papina</o> + <g>apple</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuː</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tani</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>likiː</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pilu</o> + <g>give</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saːli</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fara</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>walisiː</o> + <g>surprise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kapa</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Laa siisaanaafafii tani papina laa fuu tani laa likiifafii lani pulu sisi fasi saali fara kafa lani walisii sisi kapa. [laː siːsaːnaːfafiː tani papina laː fuː tani laː likiːfafiː lani pulu sisi fasi saːli fara kafa lani walisiː sisi kapa] laː the siːsaːnaː teacher -fafiː cl.2 tani DAT papina apple laː the fuː girl tani DAT laː the likiː boy -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT pilu give sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ saːli 3.sing.cl.1.OBJ fara 3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ kafa COMP lani ACT walisiː surprise sisi PAST kapa 3.sing.cl.2.INDOBJ “It surprised the teacher that the boy had given the girl an apple.” | (31) |
Quotes
Huti expresses quoted or reported speech without a dedicated quotative particle. Quotations appear as ordinary clauses, distinguished only by the surrounding syntactic context or by the use of verbs of speaking.
Here is an example of how quotations are expressed:
initial XML:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp tam="past-punct">
<verb>tell</verb>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj">
<noun>boy</noun>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp tam="gnomic">
<verb>love</verb>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj">
<pron person="1excl" number="sing"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj">
<pron person="2" number="sing"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj">
<noun>girl</noun>
</np>
</s>
</example>cleanup:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>tell</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj"> - <noun>boy</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp tam="gnomic"> - <verb>love</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj"> - <pron person="1excl" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj"> - <pron person="2" number="sing"/> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj"> - <noun>girl</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> </s> </example>
module articles:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
module nonpastonly:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </s> </example>
module noepistemic:
No change.
module sequential:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module subordinate:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme">
<subs>
- <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES">
+ <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number">
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
</np>
</s>
</example>
tva1tva2
tva1
tva2
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
No change.
module constorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> - </vp> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> - </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> + </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> + </vp> </s> </example>
module casemarking:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module addgender:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> <subs> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
module propagatenumber:
No change.
module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
</vp>
</subs>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
copyuptophrase:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing"> + <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing" person="2"> <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2"> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"> + <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/> </vp> </s> </example>
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
+ <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
+ <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
+ <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
+ <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
+ <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
+ <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
+ <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
No change.
unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
- <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
- <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="love"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="girl"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
- <word gloss="the" posp="det"/>
- <word posp="noun" gloss="boy"/>
+ <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
- <word posp="verb" gloss="tell"/>
+ <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for girl/noun/gender/optionalGot cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for boy/noun/gender/optional
Got cl.2
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her.">
<s>
<np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing" person="2">
<subs>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2">
<word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl">
<word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">
<word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
<thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/>
</vp>
</subs>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/>
</np>
<np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">
<word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
<word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/>
+ <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/>
<thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/>
<thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/>
</np>
<vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">
<word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/>
<thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/>
<thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/>
<thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/>
<thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/>
<thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/>
<thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/>
<thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/>
</vp>
</s>
</example>
flatten:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> - <s> - <np role="obj" tr="rheme" case="STA" gender="cl.1" number="sing" person="2"> - <subs> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" person="2"> + <flat> <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" person="1excl"> <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"> <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"> <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - </s> + </flat> </example>
addvocab:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="l a">la</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l iː p i">liːpi</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="f uː">fuː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="m iː f a">miːfa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ" ph="f a r a">fara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </example>
vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<example id="quot1" translation="The boy told the girl that he loved her."> <flat> - <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA" ph="r iː">riː</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" ph="l a">la</word> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing" ph="l iː p i">liːpi</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ" ph="t a r a">tara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="k a f a">kafa</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="STA" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1" ph="f uː">fuː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.1" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT" ph="t a n i">tani</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l aː">laː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2" ph="l i k iː">likiː</word> - <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2" attach="suffix" ph="f a f iː">fafiː</thingy> - <thingy type="npnumber" function="enclitic" gloss="sing" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT" ph="l a n i">lani</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2" ph="m iː f a">miːfa</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s i s i">sisi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ" ph="f a s i">fasi</thingy> - <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ" ph="r aː k a">raːka</thingy> - <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ" ph="f a r a">fara</thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="2" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="2.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="obj" locus="number" case="STA">riː</word> + <word person="1excl" number="sing" posp="pron" gloss="1excl.sing" gender="cl.2" def="neither" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT">la</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="love" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="gnomic" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="2.sing" subj="1excl.sing">liːpi</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="1excl.sing.SUBJ">tara</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">raːka</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">kafa</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="girl" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="indobj" locus="number" case="DAT" gender="cl.1">fuː</word> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="DAT">tani</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">laː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="boy" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" role="subj" locus="number" case="ACT" gender="cl.2">likiː</word> + <thingy type="noungender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.2">fafiː</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="enclitic" gloss="ACT">lani</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="tell" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" obj="2.sing" indobj="3.sing.cl.1" subj="3.sing.cl.2">miːfa</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">sisi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ">fasi</thingy> + <thingy type="vpobj" function="enclitic" gloss="2.sing.OBJ">raːka</thingy> + <thingy type="vpindobj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ">fara</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">riː</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">la</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">liːpi</span><br><span class="gls">love</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tara</span><br><span class="gls">1excl.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">raːka</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kafa</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fuː</span><br><span class="gls">girl</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">DAT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">laː</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">likiː</span><br><span class="gls">boy</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-fafiː</span><br><span class="gls">cl.2</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">lani</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ACT</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">miːfa</span><br><span class="gls">tell</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sisi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fasi</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">raːka</span><br><span class="gls">2.sing.<span class="glssc">OBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fara</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.cl.1.<span class="glssc">INDOBJ</span></span></span></p> + <p>riː la lani liːpi tara raːka kafa laː fuː tani laː likiːfafiː lani miːfa sisi fasi raːka fara</p> + <p>rii la lani liipi tara raaka kafa laa fuu tani laa likiifafii lani miifa sisi fasi raaka fara</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>riː</o> + <g>2.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>la</o> + <g>1excl.sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>liːpi</o> + <g>love</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tara</o> + <g>1excl.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>raːka</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kafa</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fuː</o> + <g>girl</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tani</o> + <g>DAT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>laː</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>likiː</o> + <g>boy</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-fafiː</o> + <g>cl.2</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>lani</o> + <g>ACT</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>miːfa</o> + <g>tell</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sisi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fasi</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>raːka</o> + <g>2.sing.OBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fara</o> + <g>3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ</g> + </w> + </il> </example>
Rii la lani liipi tara raaka kafa laa fuu tani laa likiifafii lani miifa sisi fasi raaka fara. [riː la lani liːpi tara raːka kafa laː fuː tani laː likiːfafiː lani miːfa sisi fasi raːka fara] riː 2.sing la 1excl.sing lani ACT liːpi love tara 1excl.sing.SUBJ raːka 2.sing.OBJ kafa COMP laː the fuː girl tani DAT laː the likiː boy -fafiː cl.2 lani ACT miːfa tell sisi PAST fasi 3.sing.cl.2.SUBJ raːka 2.sing.OBJ fara 3.sing.cl.1.INDOBJ “The boy told the girl that he loved her.” | (32) |
How to cite this grammar
Language Creator. 2026. A Grammar of Huti. Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 18 October 2026. https://languagecreator.org/grammar/677YE
In BibTeX format:
@misc{LC-677YE,
year = 2026,
author = {{Language Creator}},
title = {A Grammar of {Huti}},
howpublished = {\url{https://languagecreator.org/grammar/677YE}},
note = {Generated by the Language Creator, version 0.92, on 18 October 2026}
}
Supplementary Materials
A collection of illustrative texts and a bilingual dictionary (English–Huti / Huti–English) accompany this grammar. The complete work – comprising the grammar, dictionary and texts – may also be downloaded in ODT or DOCX format.
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